STATE OF LOUISIANA COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT
07-453
STATE OF LOUISIANA
VERSUS
J.M.
**********
APPEAL FROM THE FOURTEENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT PARISH OF CALCASIEU, NO. 11735-03 HONORABLE G. MICHAEL CANADAY, DISTRICT JUDGE
MARC T. AMY JUDGE
Court composed of Marc T. Amy, Michael G. Sullivan, and James T. Genovese, Judges.
AFFIRMED; REMANDED WITH INSTRUCTIONS.
John F. DeRosier District Attorney Carla S. Sigler Stephanie Cochran Assistant District Attorney Post Office Box 3206 Lake Charles, LA 70602-3206 (337) 437-3400 COUNSEL FOR APPELLEE: State of Louisiana
Edward K. Bauman Louisiana Appellate Project Post Office Box 1641 Lake Charles, LA 70602-1641 (337) 491-0570 COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLANT: J.M. AMY, Judge.
The defendant, J.M.,1 was convicted of two counts of aggravated incest in
violation of La.R.S. 14:78.1 and one count of attempted aggravated incest in violation
of La.R.S. 14:27 and La.R.S. 14:78.1. His convictions were affirmed on appeal in
State v. J.M., 06-624 (La.App. 3 Cir. 11/2/06), 941 So.2d 686. However, the
defendant’s sentences were vacated, and the matter was remanded to the trial court
for resentencing because the record was unclear as to whether the sentences were to
run concurrently or consecutively.
On remand, the defendant was sentenced to serve ten years in the custody of
the Department of Corrections for each count of aggravated incest, with six years
suspended. For the attempted aggravated incest conviction, the defendant was
sentenced to five years with the Department of Corrections, three years of which were
suspended. All sentences were ordered to run consecutively. Furthermore, upon his
release from incarceration, the defendant will be placed on supervised probation for
five years on each count, with that time to run concurrently.
Following the denial of his motion for reconsideration, the defendant filed this
appeal, arguing the excessiveness of his sentence. For the following reasons, we
affirm and remand with instructions.
Discussion
Errors Patent
In accordance with La.Code Crim.P. art. 920, all appeals are reviewed for
errors patent on the face of the record. After reviewing the record, we find one error
patent and an error in the minutes of resentencing.
1 Pursuant to La.R.S. 46:1844, the initials of the defendant have been used. We note that the trial court failed to impose the conditions of probation
pursuant to La.R.S. 15:538. That statute requires that certain probation conditions be
imposed in order for a sexual offender to be eligible for probation. These conditions
include limitations on business and volunteer work activities, limitations on a
defendant’s proximity to certain facilities, and in certain circumstances, mandatory
treatment plans. Because probationary conditions are not valid unless imposed by the
trial court, we remand the case and instruct the trial court to impose the applicable
conditions of probation mandated by La.R.S. 15:538. See State v. Fontenot, 06-226
(La.App. 3 Cir. 7/12/06), 934 So.2d 935.
Additionally, the minutes of the resentencing hearing do not state that the trial
court denied the defendant diminution of sentence for good behavior. Therefore, the
trial court is instructed to amend the minutes of resentencing to reflect that diminution
of sentence for good behavior is not available on the defendant’s sentences for
aggravated incest and attempted aggravated incest.
Excessive Sentence
In his sole assignment of error, the defendant argues that his “sentences amount
to the needless imposition of pain and suffering and should be considered
constitutionally excessive.” Specifically, he argues that his sentences should have
been ordered to run concurrently rather than consecutively insofar as he is an “elderly
man in poor health” and “has led a law abiding life with no past criminal history.”
In State v. Barling, 00-1241, 00-1591, p.12 (La.App. 3 Cir. 1/31/01), 779 So.2d
1035, 1042-43, writ denied, 01-838 (La. 2/1/02), 808 So.2d 331, this court articulated
the standard for reviewing excessive sentence claims:
La. Const. art. I, § 20 guarantees that, “[n]o law shall subject any person to cruel or unusual punishment.” To constitute an excessive
2 sentence, the reviewing court must find the penalty so grossly disproportionate to the severity of the crime as to shock our sense of justice or that the sentence makes no measurable contribution to acceptable penal goals and is, therefore, nothing more than a needless imposition of pain and suffering. State v. Campbell, 404 So.2d 1205 (La.1981). The trial court has wide discretion in the imposition of sentence within the statutory limits and such sentence shall not be set aside as excessive absent a manifest abuse of discretion. State v. Etienne, 99-192 (La.App. 3 Cir. 10/13/99); 746 So.2d 124, writ denied, 00-0165 (La.6/30/00); 765 So.2d 1067. The relevant question is whether the trial court abused its broad sentencing discretion, not whether another sentence might have been more appropriate. State v. Cook, 95-2784 (La.5/31/96); 674 So.2d 957, cert. denied, 519 U.S. 1043, 117 S.Ct. 615, 136 L.Ed.2d 539 (1996).
Pursuant to La.R.S. 14:78.1(D)(1), the penalty for aggravated incest is a fine
of not more than fifty thousand dollars or imprisonment, “with or without hard labor,
for a term not less than five years nor more than twenty years, or both.” The penalty
for attempted aggravated incest is a term of imprisonment not to exceed ten years.
See La.R.S. 14:27(D)(3).
Louisiana Code of Criminal Procedure Article 883 provides: “If the defendant
is convicted of two or more offenses based on the same act or transaction, or
constituting parts of a common scheme or plan, the terms of imprisonment shall be
served concurrently unless the court expressly directs that some or all be served
consecutively.” In State v. Brown, 627 So.2d 192, 199-200 (La.App. 3 Cir. 1993),
writ denied, 93-3101 (La. 3/18/94), 634 So.2d 850, this court stated that, “in cases
involving offenders without [a] prior felony record, concurrent rather than
consecutive sentences should be imposed, particularly where the convictions arise out
of the same course of conduct.”
However, the Louisiana Supreme Court explained in State v. Walker, 00-3200,
p. 1 (La. 10/12/01), 799 So.2d 461, 461-62, that “a trial court retains the discretion
to impose consecutive penalties in cases in which the offender’s past criminality or
3 other circumstances in his background or in the commission of the crimes justify
treating him as a grave risk to the safety of the community.” When imposing a
consecutive sentence, the “trial court must articulate particular justification for such
a sentence beyond a mere articulation of the standard sentencing guidelines set forth
in La.C.Cr.P. art. 894.1.” State v. Hawkins, 06-1599, p. 2 (La.App. 3 Cir. 5/2/07),
956 So.2d 146, 149 (quoting State v. Dempsey, 02-1867, p. 5 (La.App. 4 Cir. 4/2/03),
844 So.2d 1037, 1040), writ denied, 03-1917 (La. 6/25/04), 876 So.2d 823.
At the defendant’s original sentencing hearing, the trial court found that the
defendant was in need of correctional treatment and that a lesser sentence would
deprecate the seriousness of the offense. It was uncertain, however, whether the
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STATE OF LOUISIANA COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT
07-453
STATE OF LOUISIANA
VERSUS
J.M.
**********
APPEAL FROM THE FOURTEENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT PARISH OF CALCASIEU, NO. 11735-03 HONORABLE G. MICHAEL CANADAY, DISTRICT JUDGE
MARC T. AMY JUDGE
Court composed of Marc T. Amy, Michael G. Sullivan, and James T. Genovese, Judges.
AFFIRMED; REMANDED WITH INSTRUCTIONS.
John F. DeRosier District Attorney Carla S. Sigler Stephanie Cochran Assistant District Attorney Post Office Box 3206 Lake Charles, LA 70602-3206 (337) 437-3400 COUNSEL FOR APPELLEE: State of Louisiana
Edward K. Bauman Louisiana Appellate Project Post Office Box 1641 Lake Charles, LA 70602-1641 (337) 491-0570 COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLANT: J.M. AMY, Judge.
The defendant, J.M.,1 was convicted of two counts of aggravated incest in
violation of La.R.S. 14:78.1 and one count of attempted aggravated incest in violation
of La.R.S. 14:27 and La.R.S. 14:78.1. His convictions were affirmed on appeal in
State v. J.M., 06-624 (La.App. 3 Cir. 11/2/06), 941 So.2d 686. However, the
defendant’s sentences were vacated, and the matter was remanded to the trial court
for resentencing because the record was unclear as to whether the sentences were to
run concurrently or consecutively.
On remand, the defendant was sentenced to serve ten years in the custody of
the Department of Corrections for each count of aggravated incest, with six years
suspended. For the attempted aggravated incest conviction, the defendant was
sentenced to five years with the Department of Corrections, three years of which were
suspended. All sentences were ordered to run consecutively. Furthermore, upon his
release from incarceration, the defendant will be placed on supervised probation for
five years on each count, with that time to run concurrently.
Following the denial of his motion for reconsideration, the defendant filed this
appeal, arguing the excessiveness of his sentence. For the following reasons, we
affirm and remand with instructions.
Discussion
Errors Patent
In accordance with La.Code Crim.P. art. 920, all appeals are reviewed for
errors patent on the face of the record. After reviewing the record, we find one error
patent and an error in the minutes of resentencing.
1 Pursuant to La.R.S. 46:1844, the initials of the defendant have been used. We note that the trial court failed to impose the conditions of probation
pursuant to La.R.S. 15:538. That statute requires that certain probation conditions be
imposed in order for a sexual offender to be eligible for probation. These conditions
include limitations on business and volunteer work activities, limitations on a
defendant’s proximity to certain facilities, and in certain circumstances, mandatory
treatment plans. Because probationary conditions are not valid unless imposed by the
trial court, we remand the case and instruct the trial court to impose the applicable
conditions of probation mandated by La.R.S. 15:538. See State v. Fontenot, 06-226
(La.App. 3 Cir. 7/12/06), 934 So.2d 935.
Additionally, the minutes of the resentencing hearing do not state that the trial
court denied the defendant diminution of sentence for good behavior. Therefore, the
trial court is instructed to amend the minutes of resentencing to reflect that diminution
of sentence for good behavior is not available on the defendant’s sentences for
aggravated incest and attempted aggravated incest.
Excessive Sentence
In his sole assignment of error, the defendant argues that his “sentences amount
to the needless imposition of pain and suffering and should be considered
constitutionally excessive.” Specifically, he argues that his sentences should have
been ordered to run concurrently rather than consecutively insofar as he is an “elderly
man in poor health” and “has led a law abiding life with no past criminal history.”
In State v. Barling, 00-1241, 00-1591, p.12 (La.App. 3 Cir. 1/31/01), 779 So.2d
1035, 1042-43, writ denied, 01-838 (La. 2/1/02), 808 So.2d 331, this court articulated
the standard for reviewing excessive sentence claims:
La. Const. art. I, § 20 guarantees that, “[n]o law shall subject any person to cruel or unusual punishment.” To constitute an excessive
2 sentence, the reviewing court must find the penalty so grossly disproportionate to the severity of the crime as to shock our sense of justice or that the sentence makes no measurable contribution to acceptable penal goals and is, therefore, nothing more than a needless imposition of pain and suffering. State v. Campbell, 404 So.2d 1205 (La.1981). The trial court has wide discretion in the imposition of sentence within the statutory limits and such sentence shall not be set aside as excessive absent a manifest abuse of discretion. State v. Etienne, 99-192 (La.App. 3 Cir. 10/13/99); 746 So.2d 124, writ denied, 00-0165 (La.6/30/00); 765 So.2d 1067. The relevant question is whether the trial court abused its broad sentencing discretion, not whether another sentence might have been more appropriate. State v. Cook, 95-2784 (La.5/31/96); 674 So.2d 957, cert. denied, 519 U.S. 1043, 117 S.Ct. 615, 136 L.Ed.2d 539 (1996).
Pursuant to La.R.S. 14:78.1(D)(1), the penalty for aggravated incest is a fine
of not more than fifty thousand dollars or imprisonment, “with or without hard labor,
for a term not less than five years nor more than twenty years, or both.” The penalty
for attempted aggravated incest is a term of imprisonment not to exceed ten years.
See La.R.S. 14:27(D)(3).
Louisiana Code of Criminal Procedure Article 883 provides: “If the defendant
is convicted of two or more offenses based on the same act or transaction, or
constituting parts of a common scheme or plan, the terms of imprisonment shall be
served concurrently unless the court expressly directs that some or all be served
consecutively.” In State v. Brown, 627 So.2d 192, 199-200 (La.App. 3 Cir. 1993),
writ denied, 93-3101 (La. 3/18/94), 634 So.2d 850, this court stated that, “in cases
involving offenders without [a] prior felony record, concurrent rather than
consecutive sentences should be imposed, particularly where the convictions arise out
of the same course of conduct.”
However, the Louisiana Supreme Court explained in State v. Walker, 00-3200,
p. 1 (La. 10/12/01), 799 So.2d 461, 461-62, that “a trial court retains the discretion
to impose consecutive penalties in cases in which the offender’s past criminality or
3 other circumstances in his background or in the commission of the crimes justify
treating him as a grave risk to the safety of the community.” When imposing a
consecutive sentence, the “trial court must articulate particular justification for such
a sentence beyond a mere articulation of the standard sentencing guidelines set forth
in La.C.Cr.P. art. 894.1.” State v. Hawkins, 06-1599, p. 2 (La.App. 3 Cir. 5/2/07),
956 So.2d 146, 149 (quoting State v. Dempsey, 02-1867, p. 5 (La.App. 4 Cir. 4/2/03),
844 So.2d 1037, 1040), writ denied, 03-1917 (La. 6/25/04), 876 So.2d 823.
At the defendant’s original sentencing hearing, the trial court found that the
defendant was in need of correctional treatment and that a lesser sentence would
deprecate the seriousness of the offense. It was uncertain, however, whether the
defendant would commit another offense during the period of a suspended sentence
or probation.
The trial court set forth several aggravating factors. It found that the
defendant’s conduct manifested cruelty to the victims, as the victims indicated that
they were placed in “scary” situations by someone they trusted. The trial court
emphasized that not only did the defendant use “his position or status to facilitate the
commission of the offense[s,]” he used his position of authority to attempt to
perpetuate the victims’ silence.2 It noted that the victims were vulnerable due to their
ages and that they experienced significant emotional distress and psychological
scarring.
The trial court found some mitigating factors. It recognized that the defendant
had no prior criminal record and that he would likely respond to probationary
treatment. The trial court was also cognizant of the fact that the defendant was
2 The victims were the defendant’s granddaughters and step-granddaughter.
4 married for several years, had medical problems, and took care of his ailing mother
and her husband.
The trial court stated that it imposed consecutive sentences because “there have
been three individual victims that have been abused on different occasions[.]”
After hearing arguments from both sides at the resentencing hearing, the trial
court explained:
I did spend a lot of time, Mr. Rubin [defense counsel], on this, and I don’t see any reason why I would deviate. I do understand that I may have misstated a couple of statements in order to make it indeterminate and I planned on clarifying that, but I do not plan on changing the sentence as was originally given.
The Court would note originally in reference to Code of Criminal Procedure Article 883 that there were three separate individuals involved in this that had been abused or traumatized on different occasions, some involving more than one, sometimes individually; but because of those three separate individuals three separate sentences were imposed by the Court.
The trial court proceeded to sentence the defendant to the same terms of incarceration
previously imposed and ordered the sentences to run consecutively.
After reviewing the record, we find that the defendant’s sentences are not
excessive. Even given the consecutive nature of the penalties imposed on all three
counts, the defendant’s total term of imprisonment only amounts to one-fifth of his
potential maximum exposure for the offenses. Because the defendant received the
same sentences previously imposed, we cannot say that the trial court did not consider
the same mitigating factors. Nevertheless, considering the circumstances of the
instant offenses, particularly, the ages of the victims, their relationship to the
defendant, and the permanent effect that the offenses will have on them, we find that
the trial court did not abuse its discretion in imposing sentence.
5 Nor do we find that the trial court abused its discretion in ordering that the
defendant’s sentences run consecutively insofar as there were three victims and the
offenses occurred on different occasions. See La.Code Crim.P. art. 883 and State v.
H.B., 06-1436, p. 10 (La.App. 3 Cir. 4/4/07), 955 So.2d 255, 262 (wherein this court
found that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in imposing consecutive
sentences where “each of the three charged offenses all had separate victims and that
the abuse forming the basis of the charge happened on at least three different dates
and time periods”).
Accordingly, this assignment has no merit.
DECREE
For the above reasons, the defendant’s sentences are affirmed. We remand the
case to the trial court with the instruction that the court impose the applicable
conditions of probation mandated by La.R.S. 15:538. The trial court is also instructed
to amend the minutes of resentencing to reflect that diminution of sentence for good
behavior is not available.