STATE OF LOUISIANA COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT
07-229 consolidated with 07-230, 07-231, 07-232, 07-233, 07-234, 07-235, 07-236, 07-237, and 07-238
STATE OF LOUISIANA
VERSUS
FAY PEREZ, III
************
APPEAL FROM THE FIFTEENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT, PARISH OF VERMILION, NO. 41543, HONORABLE BYRON HEBERT, DISTRICT JUDGE
MICHAEL G. SULLIVAN JUDGE
Court composed of Ulysses Gene Thibodeaux, Chief Judge, Marc T. Amy, and Michael G. Sullivan, Judges.
REMANDED WITH INSTRUCTIONS.
Michael Harson District Attorney Ted L. Ayo Assistant District Attorney Post Office Box 175 Abbeville, Louisiana 70511-0175 (337) 898-4320 Counsel for: State of Louisiana
Mark O. Foster Louisiana Appellate Project Post Office Box 2057 Natchitoches, Louisiana 71457-2057 (318) 572-5693 Counsel for Defendant/Appellant: Fay V. Perez, III SULLIVAN, Judge.
This matter is before us again after remand to the trial court for an evidentiary
hearing on the terms of a plea agreement, which required Defendant to pay restitution
to victims of criminal offenses that he committed but to which he did not plead guilty.
Background and Discussion
Our original opinion set forth the background and facts of this matter as
follows:
Defendant, Fay V. Perez, III, originally faced over sixty counts of aggravated criminal damage to property, violations of La.R.S. 14:55. Pursuant to a plea agreement, Defendant pleaded guilty to ten counts, and the State moved to dismiss the remaining counts. In accordance with State v. Crosby, 338 So.2d 584 (La.1976), Defendant reserved his right to appeal the issue of payment of restitution to the victims’ insurance companies, should that condition be made part of his sentence.
Defendant was subsequently sentenced in docket number 41543 to five years at hard labor, suspended. The trial court ordered that Defendant be placed on supervised probation for five years, with the condition that he perform 150 hours of community service per year for five years. This condition applied to only this sentence. In accordance with the plea agreement, Defendant was further ordered to make restitution at the rate of not less than $181.35 per month for 119 months, which was an aggregate amount covering all the victims, including those in the dismissed charges. This condition of probation was imposed for all ten sentences.
In docket number 41544, Defendant was sentenced to five years at hard labor, suspended, with Defendant being placed on supervised probation for five years, to run consecutively to the sentence imposed in docket number 41543.
In docket number 41545, Defendant was sentenced to serve five years at hard labor, suspended, with Defendant being placed on five years of supervised probation, to run concurrently with the sentence imposed in 41544, but consecutively to 41543, and with the same conditions imposed in 41543. On each of the remaining docket numbers, 41547, 41548, 41549, 41550, 41551, 41552 and 41553, the trial court imposed a five-year sentence at hard labor, suspended, with Defendant being placed on supervised probation for five years, to run concurrently with docket number 41544. The trial court also imposed general conditions of probation.
.... Facts
Because Defendant entered a guilty plea, the facts are taken from the transcript of that proceeding. According to the transcript, during the months of November and December of 2003, and January of 2004, Defendant threw rocks or concrete at the victims’ properties, when it was foreseeable that human life might be endangered.
State v. Perez, 06-436, pp. 1-2 (La.App. 3 Cir. 9/27/06), 939 So.2d 733, 734-35.
(Footnotes omitted).
Defendant appealed his sentences, claiming that he should not have been
ordered to pay restitution to insurance companies whose insureds were victims of his
criminal actions because the insurance companies are not “victims” for purposes of
La.Code Crim.P. art. 895.1. This assigned error was not addressed when this matter
was previously before this court because requiring a defendant to pay restitution to
victims of cases that were dismissed is patently erroneous, and we vacated that
provision of the plea agreement. Perez, 939 So.2d 733.
Noting that the general rules of contract law are usually considered in
determining the validity of a plea agreement, we vacated “the condition of probation
requiring Defendant to pay restitution for the aggregate damages suffered by all
victims and . . . remand[ed] the case for an evidentiary hearing to determine the nature
of the plea agreement and whether the entire agreement is invalidated by the vacation
of the restitution to victims of the offenses to which Defendant did not plead guilty.”
Id. at 736.
On remand, the trial court held an evidentiary hearing as ordered but failed to
determine whether the plea agreement was invalidated. During the hearing, the State
indicated that its intent with regard to the plea agreement was for Defendant to “make
full restitution . . . in all cases where he was the defendant.” Defendant
2 acknowledged that he agreed to “pay full restitution to all individuals in those cases
that were dismissed” in exchange for not being made to plead guilty to all cases
pending against him.
Defendant has again appealed claiming, as he did in his original appeal, that
the trial court erred in ordering him to pay the victims’ insurance companies as part
of his restitution.
Errors Patent
The transcript of the evidentiary hearing establishes that the State’s consent to
Defendant’s plea agreement was predicated on his making restitution to all of his
victims, including victims whose cases were dismissed, and that Defendant’s consent
to the plea agreement was predicated on his not having to plead guilty to all cases in
which he was charged. In our previous opinion, we observed that invalidation of the
restitution order imposed on Defendant may invalidate the State’s consent to his plea
agreement if the State’s consent was predicated upon Defendant’s agreement to pay
restitution to victims of all cases pending against him.
Restitution to all victims of Defendant’s criminal actions was central to the
State’s agreement to Defendant’s plea. However, requiring restitution to victims of
dismissed cases is patently erroneous; therefore, we again remand the matter for the
trial court to determine whether the invalidation of the restitution order invalidated
the State’s agreement to Defendant’s plea.
Restitution to Insurers
We did not previously address Defendant’s assignment of error that the trial
court’s order for him to pay restitution to the insurers of Defendant’s victims whose
damages had been paid by their insurers because we vacated a portion of his sentence.
3 Defendant urged this error during the evidentiary hearing on remand and again in this
appeal. Normally, we would pretermit consideration of this assignment of error, as
we did previously; however, we will address it in the interest of judicial efficiency.
Louisiana Code of Criminal Procedure Article 883.2 requires restitution to a
victim as part of a defendant’s sentence when there is “an actual pecuniary loss to
[the] victim.” Additionally, La.Code Crim.P. art. 895(7) provides for “reasonable
reparation or restitution to the aggrieved party for damage or loss” as a condition of
probation, and La.Code Crim.P. art. 895.1 provides for “the payment of restitution in
cases where the victim or his family has suffered any direct loss of actual cash, any
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STATE OF LOUISIANA COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT
07-229 consolidated with 07-230, 07-231, 07-232, 07-233, 07-234, 07-235, 07-236, 07-237, and 07-238
STATE OF LOUISIANA
VERSUS
FAY PEREZ, III
************
APPEAL FROM THE FIFTEENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT, PARISH OF VERMILION, NO. 41543, HONORABLE BYRON HEBERT, DISTRICT JUDGE
MICHAEL G. SULLIVAN JUDGE
Court composed of Ulysses Gene Thibodeaux, Chief Judge, Marc T. Amy, and Michael G. Sullivan, Judges.
REMANDED WITH INSTRUCTIONS.
Michael Harson District Attorney Ted L. Ayo Assistant District Attorney Post Office Box 175 Abbeville, Louisiana 70511-0175 (337) 898-4320 Counsel for: State of Louisiana
Mark O. Foster Louisiana Appellate Project Post Office Box 2057 Natchitoches, Louisiana 71457-2057 (318) 572-5693 Counsel for Defendant/Appellant: Fay V. Perez, III SULLIVAN, Judge.
This matter is before us again after remand to the trial court for an evidentiary
hearing on the terms of a plea agreement, which required Defendant to pay restitution
to victims of criminal offenses that he committed but to which he did not plead guilty.
Background and Discussion
Our original opinion set forth the background and facts of this matter as
follows:
Defendant, Fay V. Perez, III, originally faced over sixty counts of aggravated criminal damage to property, violations of La.R.S. 14:55. Pursuant to a plea agreement, Defendant pleaded guilty to ten counts, and the State moved to dismiss the remaining counts. In accordance with State v. Crosby, 338 So.2d 584 (La.1976), Defendant reserved his right to appeal the issue of payment of restitution to the victims’ insurance companies, should that condition be made part of his sentence.
Defendant was subsequently sentenced in docket number 41543 to five years at hard labor, suspended. The trial court ordered that Defendant be placed on supervised probation for five years, with the condition that he perform 150 hours of community service per year for five years. This condition applied to only this sentence. In accordance with the plea agreement, Defendant was further ordered to make restitution at the rate of not less than $181.35 per month for 119 months, which was an aggregate amount covering all the victims, including those in the dismissed charges. This condition of probation was imposed for all ten sentences.
In docket number 41544, Defendant was sentenced to five years at hard labor, suspended, with Defendant being placed on supervised probation for five years, to run consecutively to the sentence imposed in docket number 41543.
In docket number 41545, Defendant was sentenced to serve five years at hard labor, suspended, with Defendant being placed on five years of supervised probation, to run concurrently with the sentence imposed in 41544, but consecutively to 41543, and with the same conditions imposed in 41543. On each of the remaining docket numbers, 41547, 41548, 41549, 41550, 41551, 41552 and 41553, the trial court imposed a five-year sentence at hard labor, suspended, with Defendant being placed on supervised probation for five years, to run concurrently with docket number 41544. The trial court also imposed general conditions of probation.
.... Facts
Because Defendant entered a guilty plea, the facts are taken from the transcript of that proceeding. According to the transcript, during the months of November and December of 2003, and January of 2004, Defendant threw rocks or concrete at the victims’ properties, when it was foreseeable that human life might be endangered.
State v. Perez, 06-436, pp. 1-2 (La.App. 3 Cir. 9/27/06), 939 So.2d 733, 734-35.
(Footnotes omitted).
Defendant appealed his sentences, claiming that he should not have been
ordered to pay restitution to insurance companies whose insureds were victims of his
criminal actions because the insurance companies are not “victims” for purposes of
La.Code Crim.P. art. 895.1. This assigned error was not addressed when this matter
was previously before this court because requiring a defendant to pay restitution to
victims of cases that were dismissed is patently erroneous, and we vacated that
provision of the plea agreement. Perez, 939 So.2d 733.
Noting that the general rules of contract law are usually considered in
determining the validity of a plea agreement, we vacated “the condition of probation
requiring Defendant to pay restitution for the aggregate damages suffered by all
victims and . . . remand[ed] the case for an evidentiary hearing to determine the nature
of the plea agreement and whether the entire agreement is invalidated by the vacation
of the restitution to victims of the offenses to which Defendant did not plead guilty.”
Id. at 736.
On remand, the trial court held an evidentiary hearing as ordered but failed to
determine whether the plea agreement was invalidated. During the hearing, the State
indicated that its intent with regard to the plea agreement was for Defendant to “make
full restitution . . . in all cases where he was the defendant.” Defendant
2 acknowledged that he agreed to “pay full restitution to all individuals in those cases
that were dismissed” in exchange for not being made to plead guilty to all cases
pending against him.
Defendant has again appealed claiming, as he did in his original appeal, that
the trial court erred in ordering him to pay the victims’ insurance companies as part
of his restitution.
Errors Patent
The transcript of the evidentiary hearing establishes that the State’s consent to
Defendant’s plea agreement was predicated on his making restitution to all of his
victims, including victims whose cases were dismissed, and that Defendant’s consent
to the plea agreement was predicated on his not having to plead guilty to all cases in
which he was charged. In our previous opinion, we observed that invalidation of the
restitution order imposed on Defendant may invalidate the State’s consent to his plea
agreement if the State’s consent was predicated upon Defendant’s agreement to pay
restitution to victims of all cases pending against him.
Restitution to all victims of Defendant’s criminal actions was central to the
State’s agreement to Defendant’s plea. However, requiring restitution to victims of
dismissed cases is patently erroneous; therefore, we again remand the matter for the
trial court to determine whether the invalidation of the restitution order invalidated
the State’s agreement to Defendant’s plea.
Restitution to Insurers
We did not previously address Defendant’s assignment of error that the trial
court’s order for him to pay restitution to the insurers of Defendant’s victims whose
damages had been paid by their insurers because we vacated a portion of his sentence.
3 Defendant urged this error during the evidentiary hearing on remand and again in this
appeal. Normally, we would pretermit consideration of this assignment of error, as
we did previously; however, we will address it in the interest of judicial efficiency.
Louisiana Code of Criminal Procedure Article 883.2 requires restitution to a
victim as part of a defendant’s sentence when there is “an actual pecuniary loss to
[the] victim.” Additionally, La.Code Crim.P. art. 895(7) provides for “reasonable
reparation or restitution to the aggrieved party for damage or loss” as a condition of
probation, and La.Code Crim.P. art. 895.1 provides for “the payment of restitution in
cases where the victim or his family has suffered any direct loss of actual cash, any
monetary loss pursuant to damage to or loss of property, or medical expense.”
(Emphasis added). In State v. Diaz, 615 So.2d 1336, 1337 (La.1993), the supreme
court addressed the payment of restitution, stating:
La.Code Crim.Proc. art. 895.1 A authorizes the court, when the victim has suffered any “monetary loss or medical expense,” to order payment of restitution “in a reasonable sum not to exceed the actual pecuniary loss to the victim.” (emphasis added). La.Code Crim.Proc. art. 895.1 B further authorizes the court to order payment “to the victim to compensate him for his loss and inconvenience,” which amount may be in addition to the amounts ordered under Article 895.1 A. These articles focus primarily on restitution for pecuniary losses caused by the criminal activity and not on providing criminal sanctions to enforce collection of civil damages (including non-pecuniary damages). On resentencing the judge should determine a specific (or determinable) reasonable amount of restitution, and should order payment “either in a lump sum or in monthly installments based on the earning capacity and assets of the defendant.” La.Code Crim.Proc. art. 895.1 A.
In State v. Devare, 03-610, p. 6 (La.App. 5 Cir. 10/28/03), 860 So.2d 191, 195, the
trial court’s restitution order was vacated “because the caselaw and LSA-C.Cr.P. art.
895.1 indicate that restitution may be ordered only to compensate the victim, not the
victim’s insurance company.” For these reasons, Defendant should be ordered to pay
restitution to his victims only.
4 Disposition
This matter is remanded to the trial court for another evidentiary hearing to
determine whether the State’s agreement to Defendant’s plea was invalidated by
vacation of the restitution to victims whose cases were dismissed. If the trial court
imposes restitution as a condition of probation, it is instructed not to order restitution
to a victim’s insurer and to establish a determinate, specified payment plan for all fees
and restitution amounts.