IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 13-1638 Filed September 17, 2014
STATE OF IOWA, Plaintiff-Appellee,
vs.
WANDA CARRUTHERS, Defendant-Appellant. ________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Des Moines County, Michael G.
Dieterich, District Associate Judge.
Wanda Carruthers appeals from judgment and sentence imposed upon
her conviction of theft in the third degree in violation of Iowa Code sections
714.1(1) and .2(3) (2013). CONVICTION AFFIRMED, SENTENCE VACATED,
AND REMANDED FOR RESENTENCING.
Mark C. Smith, State Appellate Defender, and Theresa R. Wilson,
Assistant Appellate Defender, for appellant.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, Heather A. Mapes, Assistant Attorney
General, Patrick C. Johnson, County Attorney, and Todd Chelf, Amy Beavers,
and Justin Stonerook, Assistant County Attorneys, for appellee.
Considered by Danilson, C.J., and Vogel and Bower, JJ. 2
DANILSON, C.J.
Wanda Carruthers appeals from judgment and sentence imposed upon
her conviction of theft in the third degree in violation of Iowa Code sections
714.1(1) and .2(3) (2013). Carruthers contends the court failed to provide
adequate reasons for the sentence imposed, failed to consider her ability to
repay attorney fees, and imposed a sentence that is not supported by evidence
of an intent to permanently deprive the owner of the property. We find the
evidence sufficient to support the jury’s determination that Carruthers intended to
permanently deprive the owner of the cell phone. We remand, however, for the
court to provide reasons for the sentence imposed.
I. Background Facts.
At about 9:00 a.m. on February 4, 2013, Elizabeth Richers was playing
slot machines at Catfish Bend Casino and left her cell phone on the machine
when she moved to another. Carruthers later saw the cell phone, picked it up,
turned it off, and placed it in her pocket. When Richers went looking for her cell
phone and returned to the area where she thought she might have left it,
surveillance cameras show Carruthers was there at the machine.
Richers checked with the casino’s lost and found without success. She
left the casino and was going to report the missing phone to her carrier, but
remembered the casino might be able to assist her by looking at surveillance
footage. Richers returned to the casino and spoke with security personnel.
Special Agent Robert Bixler of the Iowa Department of Criminal Investigations
reviewed the security footage, which showed Carruthers picking up the phone, 3
light shining from the phone as she held it, and Carruthers placing the phone in
her pocket.
Agent Bixler was able to get Carruthers’ name and address from player
services. He went to Carruthers’ home and spoke with one of Carruthers’
daughters, who told him Carruthers was picking up another daughter from the
library. Agent Bixler advised Carruthers’ daughter he was investigating an
incident in the casino earlier that morning and requested she have Carruthers
call him when she returned. Less than five minutes later, Agent Bixler received a
call from Carruthers asking him to meet at her home. When he did so,
Carruthers came out of her home and handed him the missing cell phone.
At trial, Carruthers testified she did not intend to keep the cell phone and
she had intended to turn it in at the local police station. When asked on cross-
examination why she had turned off the cell phone she picked up, she said it was
“habit.” She testified she did not notice Richers searching around the slot
machine Carruthers was playing. When asked why she did not turn in the phone
to the casino’s lost and found or to a security guard, she stated she just wanted
to keep playing the slot machines.
The district court denied Carruthers’ motions for judgment of acquittal.
Carruthers was found guilty, and the court sentenced Carruthers to ninety days in
jail with all but five days suspended. The court stated no reasons for the
sentence imposed. Carruthers was ordered to pay $480 in attorney fees in $50
monthly installments.
Carruthers appeals. 4
II. Sentencing Issues.
We review a district court’s sentence for the correction of legal error.
State v. Rodriguez, 804 N.W.2d 844, 848 (Iowa 2011). Iowa Rule of Criminal
Procedure 2.23(3)(d) requires a sentencing judge to state the reasons for a
particular sentence on the record. Although the reasons do not need to be
detailed, they must be sufficient to allow appellate review of the discretionary
action. State v. Jacobs, 607 N.W.2d 679, 690 (Iowa 2000). Here, no reasons
were given for the sentence imposed, and the State concedes resentencing is
required. We therefore vacate the sentence and remand to the district court for
resentencing.
As for Carruthers’ claim that the court did not adequately consider her
ability to pay attorney fees,1 the issue can be addressed on remand at the time of
III. Sufficiency of the Evidence.
“We review sufficiency-of-the-evidence claims for correction of errors at
law.” State v. Showens, 845 N.W.2d 436, 439 (Iowa 2014). We view the
evidence in the light most favorable to the State, including all reasonable
inferences fairly drawn from the evidence. Id.
We will consider all the evidence presented, not just the inculpatory evidence. Evidence is considered substantial if, when viewed in the light most favorable to the State, it can convince a rational jury that the defendant is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. “Inherent in our standard of review of jury verdicts in criminal cases is the recognition that the jury [is] free to reject certain evidence, and credit other evidence.”
1 We make no determination as to Carruthers’ reasonable ability to pay the installments imposed. See State v. Van Hoff, 415 N.W.2d 647, 648-49 (Iowa 1987). 5
State v. Sanford, 814 N.W.2d 611, 615 (Iowa 2012) (citations omitted).
A person commits theft when the person “[t]akes possession or control of
the property of another, or property in the possession of another, with the intent
to deprive the other thereof.” Iowa Code § 714.1. The intent to deprive “requires
more than a temporary dispossessing of another’s property.” State v. Berger,
438 N.W.2d 29, 31 (Iowa Ct. App. 1989). Our supreme court has noted that an
essential element of theft is the intent to permanently deprive the owner of her
property:
Because proof that the defendant acted with the specific purpose of depriving the owner of his property requires a determination of what the defendant was thinking when an act was done, it is seldom capable of being established with direct evidence.
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IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 13-1638 Filed September 17, 2014
STATE OF IOWA, Plaintiff-Appellee,
vs.
WANDA CARRUTHERS, Defendant-Appellant. ________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Des Moines County, Michael G.
Dieterich, District Associate Judge.
Wanda Carruthers appeals from judgment and sentence imposed upon
her conviction of theft in the third degree in violation of Iowa Code sections
714.1(1) and .2(3) (2013). CONVICTION AFFIRMED, SENTENCE VACATED,
AND REMANDED FOR RESENTENCING.
Mark C. Smith, State Appellate Defender, and Theresa R. Wilson,
Assistant Appellate Defender, for appellant.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, Heather A. Mapes, Assistant Attorney
General, Patrick C. Johnson, County Attorney, and Todd Chelf, Amy Beavers,
and Justin Stonerook, Assistant County Attorneys, for appellee.
Considered by Danilson, C.J., and Vogel and Bower, JJ. 2
DANILSON, C.J.
Wanda Carruthers appeals from judgment and sentence imposed upon
her conviction of theft in the third degree in violation of Iowa Code sections
714.1(1) and .2(3) (2013). Carruthers contends the court failed to provide
adequate reasons for the sentence imposed, failed to consider her ability to
repay attorney fees, and imposed a sentence that is not supported by evidence
of an intent to permanently deprive the owner of the property. We find the
evidence sufficient to support the jury’s determination that Carruthers intended to
permanently deprive the owner of the cell phone. We remand, however, for the
court to provide reasons for the sentence imposed.
I. Background Facts.
At about 9:00 a.m. on February 4, 2013, Elizabeth Richers was playing
slot machines at Catfish Bend Casino and left her cell phone on the machine
when she moved to another. Carruthers later saw the cell phone, picked it up,
turned it off, and placed it in her pocket. When Richers went looking for her cell
phone and returned to the area where she thought she might have left it,
surveillance cameras show Carruthers was there at the machine.
Richers checked with the casino’s lost and found without success. She
left the casino and was going to report the missing phone to her carrier, but
remembered the casino might be able to assist her by looking at surveillance
footage. Richers returned to the casino and spoke with security personnel.
Special Agent Robert Bixler of the Iowa Department of Criminal Investigations
reviewed the security footage, which showed Carruthers picking up the phone, 3
light shining from the phone as she held it, and Carruthers placing the phone in
her pocket.
Agent Bixler was able to get Carruthers’ name and address from player
services. He went to Carruthers’ home and spoke with one of Carruthers’
daughters, who told him Carruthers was picking up another daughter from the
library. Agent Bixler advised Carruthers’ daughter he was investigating an
incident in the casino earlier that morning and requested she have Carruthers
call him when she returned. Less than five minutes later, Agent Bixler received a
call from Carruthers asking him to meet at her home. When he did so,
Carruthers came out of her home and handed him the missing cell phone.
At trial, Carruthers testified she did not intend to keep the cell phone and
she had intended to turn it in at the local police station. When asked on cross-
examination why she had turned off the cell phone she picked up, she said it was
“habit.” She testified she did not notice Richers searching around the slot
machine Carruthers was playing. When asked why she did not turn in the phone
to the casino’s lost and found or to a security guard, she stated she just wanted
to keep playing the slot machines.
The district court denied Carruthers’ motions for judgment of acquittal.
Carruthers was found guilty, and the court sentenced Carruthers to ninety days in
jail with all but five days suspended. The court stated no reasons for the
sentence imposed. Carruthers was ordered to pay $480 in attorney fees in $50
monthly installments.
Carruthers appeals. 4
II. Sentencing Issues.
We review a district court’s sentence for the correction of legal error.
State v. Rodriguez, 804 N.W.2d 844, 848 (Iowa 2011). Iowa Rule of Criminal
Procedure 2.23(3)(d) requires a sentencing judge to state the reasons for a
particular sentence on the record. Although the reasons do not need to be
detailed, they must be sufficient to allow appellate review of the discretionary
action. State v. Jacobs, 607 N.W.2d 679, 690 (Iowa 2000). Here, no reasons
were given for the sentence imposed, and the State concedes resentencing is
required. We therefore vacate the sentence and remand to the district court for
resentencing.
As for Carruthers’ claim that the court did not adequately consider her
ability to pay attorney fees,1 the issue can be addressed on remand at the time of
III. Sufficiency of the Evidence.
“We review sufficiency-of-the-evidence claims for correction of errors at
law.” State v. Showens, 845 N.W.2d 436, 439 (Iowa 2014). We view the
evidence in the light most favorable to the State, including all reasonable
inferences fairly drawn from the evidence. Id.
We will consider all the evidence presented, not just the inculpatory evidence. Evidence is considered substantial if, when viewed in the light most favorable to the State, it can convince a rational jury that the defendant is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. “Inherent in our standard of review of jury verdicts in criminal cases is the recognition that the jury [is] free to reject certain evidence, and credit other evidence.”
1 We make no determination as to Carruthers’ reasonable ability to pay the installments imposed. See State v. Van Hoff, 415 N.W.2d 647, 648-49 (Iowa 1987). 5
State v. Sanford, 814 N.W.2d 611, 615 (Iowa 2012) (citations omitted).
A person commits theft when the person “[t]akes possession or control of
the property of another, or property in the possession of another, with the intent
to deprive the other thereof.” Iowa Code § 714.1. The intent to deprive “requires
more than a temporary dispossessing of another’s property.” State v. Berger,
438 N.W.2d 29, 31 (Iowa Ct. App. 1989). Our supreme court has noted that an
essential element of theft is the intent to permanently deprive the owner of her
property:
Because proof that the defendant acted with the specific purpose of depriving the owner of his property requires a determination of what the defendant was thinking when an act was done, it is seldom capable of being established with direct evidence. Therefore, the facts and circumstances surrounding the act, as well as any reasonable inferences to be drawn from those facts and circumstances, may be relied upon to ascertain the defendant’s intent.
State v. Schminkey, 597 N.W.2d 785, 789 (Iowa 1999).
A reasonable jury viewing the trial evidence and all reasonable inferences
arising therefrom could conclude Carruthers intended to permanently deprive the
owner of the cell phone. Carruthers discovered a cell phone resting on the
screen of a slot machine. She picked it up, turned it off, and placed it in her
pocket. The jury could reasonably reject her explanation about why she turned
the phone off (“habit”) in light of her testimony she provided full-time care for her
epileptic and learning-disabled daughter, which would presumably require that
she remain reachable at all times. When the owner came back to the machine
looking for her cell phone, Carruthers was there and said nothing. Carruthers left
the casino with the cell phone. The jury was free to disbelieve Carruthers’ claim 6
that she intended to turn the cell phone in to local police when she did not turn
the phone in to the casino’s lost and found or security personnel.
We affirm the conviction, but vacate the sentence.
CONVICTION AFFIRMED, SENTENCE VACATED, AND REMANDED
FOR RESENTENCING.