State of Iowa v. Simon Luther Cross

Opinion

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

No. 13-0485 Filed May 14, 2014

STATE OF IOWA, Plaintiff-Appellee,

vs.

SIMON LUTHER CROSS, Defendant-Appellant. ________________________________________________________________

Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Des Moines County, Michael J.

Schilling, Judge.

Simon Cross appeals, contending trial counsel was ineffective in failing to

file a motion to suppress. AFFIRMED.

Mark C. Smith, State Appellate Defender, and Nan Jennisch, Assistant

Appellate Defender, for appellant.

Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, Heather R. Quick, Assistant Attorney

General, Patrick C. Jackson, County Attorney, and Lisa Schaefer, Assistant

County Attorney, for appellee.

Considered by Danilson, C.J., and Potterfield and McDonald, JJ. 2

POTTERFIELD, J.

Simon Cross appeals, contending trial counsel was ineffective in failing to

file a motion to suppress. Because Cross has not established prejudice, his

ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim fails, and we affirm.

I. Background Facts and Proceedings.

The charges in this case stemmed from a burglary at a Henningsen

Construction mobile asphalt plant located in Des Moines County, south of

Burlington, Iowa. At about 3:30 a.m. on April 30, 2012, Duane Updike, the

foreman for Henningsen Construction arrived at work and discovered that some

of the buildings and vehicles had been broken into. He contacted law

enforcement officers.

Signs of forced entry were observed at two buildings at the work site. At

the control house—a trailer where controls for the machinery were located—the

front door had been opened and the window on the door was broken. A cell

phone booster, a computer, an air card, and a radio were missing from the

control house. At the lab trailer/office, the door appeared to have been pried

open. A computer and an air card were gone from the lab trailer. An end loader

was broken into, and a CB radio and scanner were stolen from inside. There

were two dump trucks on the site; CB radios were stolen from both. A tool box

and a CB radio were stolen from the back of a Freightliner trailer. Someone had

tampered with the window of the trailer. Weather-stripping had been peeled and

removed on the wing window of two truck-trailers, leaving scratch marks.

Since it had rained throughout the night, the ground around the work site

was wet and muddy. Law enforcement officers observed two separate sets of 3

footwear impressions leading from the buildings toward some railroad tracks.

The officers followed the footwear impressions approximately 150-200 yards to

where they crossed over the railroad tracks. There was an area near the railroad

tracks by the woods where it appeared that a vehicle had pulled into the grass. A

blue latex glove was spotted on the ground.

Based on Cross’s previous involvement in similar burglaries, officers

suspected he may be involved. Detective Eric Blodgett and Deputy Mark

McIntrye went to Cross’s house. While approaching Cross’s house, the officers

walked up to a car in the driveway; the car was registered to Nicole Cross,

Cross’s wife. The officers observed equipment that resembled some of the

equipment stolen from the work site in the car.

The officers knocked on Cross’s door. When Cross came to the door to

speak with the officers (about forty-five minutes after the officers first attempted

to raise him), Cross initially denied involvement in the burglary. The officers

informed Cross of the stolen items they observed in the car. Cross stated he had

been at Joshua VanSant’s house the night before, and while there VanSant left

the house alone for a short time. When VanSant returned, he gave Cross some

of the stolen property. Cross gave the officers permission to search the vehicle.

Before searching the car, the officers went inside Cross’s residence

because Cross was in his boxers and needed to put pants on before coming

outside. Cross’s pants were covered in mud from the knees down. When asked

about this, Cross claimed that the mud was from working in his yard the day

before. While in the residence, the officers also observed a pair of boots covered

in fresh mud. The tread pattern on Cross’s boots was consistent with the tread 4

pattern from the imprint at the work site. When questioned about his boots,

Cross claimed that he and VanSant had swapped boots the night before while

Cross was at VanSant’s residence. Cross stated that VanSant needed the boots

because he only had flip flops at his own house. The boots were a size ten and

one-half. It was later learned VanSant wore a size twelve shoe.

The officers also observed other electronics that appeared to be from the

Henningsen work site in Cross’s living room. When questioned about these

other electronics, Cross claimed that the only other item he had from VanSant

was an air card in his bedroom.

Back outside, the officers found surgical gloves and a cell phone booster

in the trunk of the car. The serial numbers from the booster confirmed that this

was stolen from the work site. After discovering the stolen property, the officers

read Cross his Miranda rights. Before placing Cross in the patrol car, an officer

patted Cross down and discovered a piece of weather stripping in Cross’s right-

back pocket consistent with the stripping of the truck-trailers. Cross claimed that

VanSant put the weather stripping in his pocket because VanSant did not want

anything with his fingerprints on it and Cross was supposed to dispose of the

stripping.

Deputy McIntyre also took Cross’s cell phone before transporting him to

the station. Cross was attempting to send a text message to VanSant at the

time. Deputy Blodgett then transported Cross to the station.

Meanwhile, other officers had located VanSant at his residence. Deputy

McIntyre joined them there. VanSant was informed that Cross had implicated

him in the burglary. VanSant was upset and slammed his cell phone down on 5

the floor, breaking it. VanSant admitted to the officers that he was involved in the

burglary.

In VanSant’s bedroom, the officers located a computer from Henningsen

Construction. In VanSant’s garage, the officers found toolboxes and a milk crate

containing a lot of electronic equipment. The officers seized those items as

evidence. VanSant was subsequently transported to the Des Moines County

Sheriff’s Office for further questioning.

Cross was interviewed at the sheriff’s office. He told the officers that

VanSant had owed some drug debts and needed money fast. Cross

acknowledged being with VanSant and then leaving VanSant’s residence with

him in a vehicle. Additionally, Cross said that he was aware of the items that the

officers seized from VanSant’s garage. Cross indicated that he took a cell phone

booster, an air card, and a mobile base unit from VanSant. Cross later admitted

that he still had a computer from Henningsen Construction at his residence.

After the interview, an officer went back Cross’s residence to retrieve another

computer and air card from the bedroom.

During his interview at the sheriff’s office, VanSant admitted that he and

Cross were involved in the burglary at the work site. VanSant stated that on the

night in question, Cross had come to see him at his residence. Cross was

dropped off there by his wife. VanSant acknowledged that both of them decided

to commit the burglary. VanSant stated that they then drove to Henningsen

Construction together. VanSant said he was more of a “lookout” person because

his hand was in a cast at the time. VanSant indicated that both he and Cross

wore blue surgical gloves. He stated that Cross broke into the buildings and into 6

no more than five vehicles. The two of them subsequently loaded up the stolen

property in the vehicle and left the scene. Afterward, Cross was picked up by his

wife near VanSant’s residence.

Cross was charged, as a habitual offender, with seven counts of third-

degree burglary: count I related to the control house; count II, the lab/office;

count III, the unoccupied, 2010 Volvo end loader; count IV, the 1999 Freightliner

dump truck; count V, the 2007 Sterling dump truck; count VI, the 1998

Freightliner truck/trailer; count VII, the unoccupied, 2007 Freightliner truck/trailer.

At trial, Jesse Simmons, a Henningsen Construction employee, testified

that he had observed Cross’s vehicle driving by and through the construction

area several times after the work site was established.

VanSant testified as a State’s witness. VanSant testified that on the night

of the burglary Cross came over to VanSant’s mother’s house with others, and

they were drinking. Cross and VanSant eventually left to go driving around, and

Cross suggested the two go to the Henningsen Construction work site. VanSant

stated the two broke into various vehicles and buildings to steal electronics.

They hoped to later sell the electronics. During the burglary, the two wore gloves

Cross provided. VanSant had a cast on his arm. VanSant testified that after

leaving the work site, the two stopped at Daniel Warth’s residence.

Daniel Warth testified at trial that around midnight on the night of the

burglary Cross and VanSant stopped over to his house. The two had mud all

over their shoes. Cross was wearing boots. Cross and VanSant had a walkie-

talkie, cell phone, laptop, and radio. Cross described “the specs” of the

electronics he had in his possession to Warth. 7

The jury found Cross guilty of third-degree burglary on counts I, II, and IV;

and of attempted burglary on count VII. He was acquitted on the remaining

counts. Cross stipulated to previous convictions and was sentenced as a

habitual offender.

On appeal, Cross contends trial counsel was ineffective in failing to file a

motion to suppress the items seized when he was patted down before entering

the police car.

II. Scope and Standard of Review.

The right to assistance of counsel under the Sixth Amendment to the

United States Constitution and article I, section 10 of the Iowa Constitution is the

right to “effective” assistance of counsel. State v. Ondayog, 722 N.W.2d 778,

784 (Iowa 2006). We review constitutional claims de novo. Id. at 783.

III. Analysis.

In order to prove counsel was ineffective, Cross must show by a

preponderance of the evidence that counsel failed to perform an essential duty

and he suffered prejudice as a result. See State v. Maxwell, 743 N.W.2d 185,

196 (Iowa 2008). The ineffectiveness claim fails if the defendant is unable to

prove either element of this test. Ondayog, 722 N.W.2d at 784.

“To establish prejudice, the defendant must demonstrate the ‘reasonable

probability that, but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the

proceeding would have been different.’” State v. Lane, 743 N.W.2d 178, 183

(Iowa 2007) (quoting Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 694 (1984)).

Cross argues the pat-down search cannot be justified as a protective

search because he had been cooperative and posed no threat to the officers. 8

And, even if the search was authorized for safety reasons, he contends the

officer exceeded the permissible scope by reaching in to remove an item that

was not a weapon. In addition, he maintains the officer was not authorized to

take his cell phone. Cross argues the following should have been excluded: the

contents of the text message on the cell phone seized by Deputy McIntyre, any

mention the text message was to be sent by Cross to VanSant, and any

conversations between the law enforcement officers and Cross about the items

seized during the pat-down search.

Even accepting all of Cross’s contentions, Cross cannot establish

prejudice resulted from counsel’s failure to file a motion to suppress. The

evidence discovered before the allegedly illegal search would be admissible and

can be considered under the prejudice prong. See State v. Bergmann, 633

N.W.2d 328, 333 (Iowa 2001) (“The fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine bars

evidence found in subsequent searches only when the evidence was found by

virtue of the first illegality.”). Before the pat-down search, Cross was found in

possession of items stolen from the work site. Gloves like the one found at the

scene were found in his wife’s vehicle; that search is not challenged by Cross.

His clothing and boots were covered in mud. Moreover, Cross had already

implicated VanSant. VanSant admitted his participation with Cross in the

burglary. On the night of the burglary, VanSant had a cast on his right hand due

to surgery he had had in March. We conclude that even without the objected to

evidence, the remaining evidence is more than sufficient to support Cross’s

convictions. We therefore affirm.

AFFIRMED.