IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 13-0831 Filed July 30, 2014
STATE OF IOWA, Plaintiff-Appellee,
vs.
DARIN DWAYNE WARE, Defendant-Appellant. ________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Polk County, Eliza J. Ovrom,
Judge.
The defendant appeals his sentences for delivery of a simulated controlled
substance, delivery of a controlled substance, and two counts of possession of a
controlled substance with intent to deliver. AFFIRMED.
Cathleen J. Siebrecht of Siebrecht Law Firm, Des Moines, for appellant.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, Heather R. Quick, Assistant Attorney
General, John P. Sarcone, County Attorney, and Stephan Bayens, Assistant
County Attorney, for appellee.
Considered by Vaitheswaran, P.J., and Tabor and Bower, JJ. 2
BOWER, J.
Darin Ware appeals his sentences for delivery of a simulated controlled
substance, delivery of a controlled substance, and two counts of possession of a
controlled substance with intent to deliver. Ware waived his claim his sentence
of sixty-five years in prison constitutes cruel and unusual punishment. He has
not shown he received ineffective assistance of counsel due to defense counsel’s
failure to (1) present an argument advocating for Ware to attend substance
abuse treatment, which Ware believed would make him eligible for probation, (2)
argue that his sentence could have been reduced because he cooperated in the
prosecution of other persons involved in the sale or use of controlled substances,
and (3) fully investigate the allegations in this matter through discovery requests
and a motion to suppress. We affirm.
I. Background Facts & Proceedings
Ware was charged with eleven drug-related charges. He entered into a
plea agreement in which he agreed to plead guilty to four of the charges and the
remainder would be dismissed. On March 18, 2013, Ware pled guilty to delivery
of a simulated controlled substance as a second or subsequent offender, in
violation of Iowa Code sections 124.401(1)(c)(2)(b) and 124.411 (2011), a class
“C” felony; possession of a controlled substance (methamphetamine) with intent
to deliver as a second or subsequent offender, in violation of sections
124.401(1)(b)(7) and 124.411, a class “B” felony; possession of a controlled
substance (marijuana) with intent to deliver as a second or subsequent offender,
in violation of sections 124.401(1)(d) and 124.411, a class “D” felony; and 3
delivery of a controlled substance (methamphetamine) as a second or
subsequent offender, in violation of sections 124.401(1)(c)(6) and 124.411, a
class “C” felony. The district court accepted Ware’s guilty pleas.
Under section 124.411(1), as a second or subsequent offender Ware was
facing up to 150 years in prison for the offenses he pled guilty to. Pursuant to the
plea agreement, the parties jointly agreed to recommend certain sentences that
would give Ware up to sixty-five years in prison. At the sentencing hearing the
prosecutor and defense counsel both recommended Ware receive a sentence of
sixty-five years in prison. The court sentenced Ware to terms of imprisonment
not to exceed ten years, sixty-five years, five years, and ten years, to be served
concurrently, for a total term of imprisonment of sixty-five years. Ware was
required to serve a mandatory minimum one-third of his sentence, and the court
reduced that by one-third because Ware had accepted responsibility by pleading
guilty. Ware has appealed his sentences.
II. Eighth Amendment
Ware claims his sentence of sixty-five years in prison constitutes cruel and
unusual punishment. Ware does not provide any argument or legal citations to
support his claim the sentence constitutes cruel and unusual punishment under
the Eighth Amendment of the United States Constitution. A party’s “[f]ailure to
cite authority in support of an issue may be deemed waiver of that issue.” Iowa 4
R. App. P. 6.903(2)(g)(3). We conclude this issue has been waived.1 See State
v. Root, 801 N.W.2d 29, 30 n.1 (Iowa Ct. App. 2011).
III. Ineffective Assistance
Ware claims he received ineffective assistance from defense counsel at
his sentencing hearing. We review claims of ineffective assistance of counsel de
novo. Ennenga v. State, 812 N.W.2d 696, 701 (Iowa 2012). To establish a claim
of ineffective assistance of counsel, a defendant must show (1) the attorney
failed to perform an essential duty, and (2) prejudice resulted to the extent it
denied the defendant a fair trial. State v. Carroll, 767 N.W.2d 638, 641 (Iowa
2009). A defendant has the burden to show by a preponderance of the evidence
counsel was ineffective. See State v. McKettrick, 480 N.W.2d 52, 55 (Iowa
1992).
A. Ware claims defense counsel should have presented an argument
advocating for Ware to attend substance abuse treatment, which he believes
would make him eligible for probation under section 124.409.
When the prosecutor set out the parties’ plea agreement for the record, he
stated,
Furthermore, at the time of sentencing the parties will jointly recommend that in FECR261250 Mr. Ware be sentenced to an indeterminate term of incarceration not to exceed 65 years with a requirement he serve one-third of that time prior to being eligible for parole, and we will urge the Court to reduce that one-third by one- third for his acceptance of responsibility, that he will be sentenced to an indeterminate term not to exceed ten years in FECR253709,
1 If we were to address this issue we would note Ware has a lengthy criminal history and “[l]engthy sentences are more likely to be constitutional when imposed on offenders with lengthy criminal histories.” See State v. Oliver, 812 N.W.2d 636, 650-51 (Iowa 2012). 5
again, with a mandatory minimum one-third, that he be sentenced to an indeterminate term not to exceed five years in FECR262011, and that he serve an indeterminate term not to exceed ten years in FECR262640, with each of those three being ordered to be served concurrently to that 65-year prison sentence in FECR261250.
Defense counsel agreed this was an accurate statement of the plea agreement.
Additionally, Ware stated he understood the terms of the plea agreement.
Thus, under the terms of the plea agreement the parties were required to
“jointly recommend” the prison sentences that were ultimately imposed by the
court. In essence, Ware contends defense counsel should have argued for
something different than what the parties had agreed to as part of the plea
agreement. A violation of the terms of a plea agreement requires reversal of the
conviction. See State v. Fannon, 799 N.W.2d 515, 520 (Iowa 2011). On appeal,
however, Ware does not ask to withdraw his guilty plea; he asks only to have his
sentences reversed.
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IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 13-0831 Filed July 30, 2014
STATE OF IOWA, Plaintiff-Appellee,
vs.
DARIN DWAYNE WARE, Defendant-Appellant. ________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Polk County, Eliza J. Ovrom,
Judge.
The defendant appeals his sentences for delivery of a simulated controlled
substance, delivery of a controlled substance, and two counts of possession of a
controlled substance with intent to deliver. AFFIRMED.
Cathleen J. Siebrecht of Siebrecht Law Firm, Des Moines, for appellant.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, Heather R. Quick, Assistant Attorney
General, John P. Sarcone, County Attorney, and Stephan Bayens, Assistant
County Attorney, for appellee.
Considered by Vaitheswaran, P.J., and Tabor and Bower, JJ. 2
BOWER, J.
Darin Ware appeals his sentences for delivery of a simulated controlled
substance, delivery of a controlled substance, and two counts of possession of a
controlled substance with intent to deliver. Ware waived his claim his sentence
of sixty-five years in prison constitutes cruel and unusual punishment. He has
not shown he received ineffective assistance of counsel due to defense counsel’s
failure to (1) present an argument advocating for Ware to attend substance
abuse treatment, which Ware believed would make him eligible for probation, (2)
argue that his sentence could have been reduced because he cooperated in the
prosecution of other persons involved in the sale or use of controlled substances,
and (3) fully investigate the allegations in this matter through discovery requests
and a motion to suppress. We affirm.
I. Background Facts & Proceedings
Ware was charged with eleven drug-related charges. He entered into a
plea agreement in which he agreed to plead guilty to four of the charges and the
remainder would be dismissed. On March 18, 2013, Ware pled guilty to delivery
of a simulated controlled substance as a second or subsequent offender, in
violation of Iowa Code sections 124.401(1)(c)(2)(b) and 124.411 (2011), a class
“C” felony; possession of a controlled substance (methamphetamine) with intent
to deliver as a second or subsequent offender, in violation of sections
124.401(1)(b)(7) and 124.411, a class “B” felony; possession of a controlled
substance (marijuana) with intent to deliver as a second or subsequent offender,
in violation of sections 124.401(1)(d) and 124.411, a class “D” felony; and 3
delivery of a controlled substance (methamphetamine) as a second or
subsequent offender, in violation of sections 124.401(1)(c)(6) and 124.411, a
class “C” felony. The district court accepted Ware’s guilty pleas.
Under section 124.411(1), as a second or subsequent offender Ware was
facing up to 150 years in prison for the offenses he pled guilty to. Pursuant to the
plea agreement, the parties jointly agreed to recommend certain sentences that
would give Ware up to sixty-five years in prison. At the sentencing hearing the
prosecutor and defense counsel both recommended Ware receive a sentence of
sixty-five years in prison. The court sentenced Ware to terms of imprisonment
not to exceed ten years, sixty-five years, five years, and ten years, to be served
concurrently, for a total term of imprisonment of sixty-five years. Ware was
required to serve a mandatory minimum one-third of his sentence, and the court
reduced that by one-third because Ware had accepted responsibility by pleading
guilty. Ware has appealed his sentences.
II. Eighth Amendment
Ware claims his sentence of sixty-five years in prison constitutes cruel and
unusual punishment. Ware does not provide any argument or legal citations to
support his claim the sentence constitutes cruel and unusual punishment under
the Eighth Amendment of the United States Constitution. A party’s “[f]ailure to
cite authority in support of an issue may be deemed waiver of that issue.” Iowa 4
R. App. P. 6.903(2)(g)(3). We conclude this issue has been waived.1 See State
v. Root, 801 N.W.2d 29, 30 n.1 (Iowa Ct. App. 2011).
III. Ineffective Assistance
Ware claims he received ineffective assistance from defense counsel at
his sentencing hearing. We review claims of ineffective assistance of counsel de
novo. Ennenga v. State, 812 N.W.2d 696, 701 (Iowa 2012). To establish a claim
of ineffective assistance of counsel, a defendant must show (1) the attorney
failed to perform an essential duty, and (2) prejudice resulted to the extent it
denied the defendant a fair trial. State v. Carroll, 767 N.W.2d 638, 641 (Iowa
2009). A defendant has the burden to show by a preponderance of the evidence
counsel was ineffective. See State v. McKettrick, 480 N.W.2d 52, 55 (Iowa
1992).
A. Ware claims defense counsel should have presented an argument
advocating for Ware to attend substance abuse treatment, which he believes
would make him eligible for probation under section 124.409.
When the prosecutor set out the parties’ plea agreement for the record, he
stated,
Furthermore, at the time of sentencing the parties will jointly recommend that in FECR261250 Mr. Ware be sentenced to an indeterminate term of incarceration not to exceed 65 years with a requirement he serve one-third of that time prior to being eligible for parole, and we will urge the Court to reduce that one-third by one- third for his acceptance of responsibility, that he will be sentenced to an indeterminate term not to exceed ten years in FECR253709,
1 If we were to address this issue we would note Ware has a lengthy criminal history and “[l]engthy sentences are more likely to be constitutional when imposed on offenders with lengthy criminal histories.” See State v. Oliver, 812 N.W.2d 636, 650-51 (Iowa 2012). 5
again, with a mandatory minimum one-third, that he be sentenced to an indeterminate term not to exceed five years in FECR262011, and that he serve an indeterminate term not to exceed ten years in FECR262640, with each of those three being ordered to be served concurrently to that 65-year prison sentence in FECR261250.
Defense counsel agreed this was an accurate statement of the plea agreement.
Additionally, Ware stated he understood the terms of the plea agreement.
Thus, under the terms of the plea agreement the parties were required to
“jointly recommend” the prison sentences that were ultimately imposed by the
court. In essence, Ware contends defense counsel should have argued for
something different than what the parties had agreed to as part of the plea
agreement. A violation of the terms of a plea agreement requires reversal of the
conviction. See State v. Fannon, 799 N.W.2d 515, 520 (Iowa 2011). On appeal,
however, Ware does not ask to withdraw his guilty plea; he asks only to have his
sentences reversed.
Even if we were to find defense counsel could have legitimately argued for
a different sentence than that which was part of the plea agreement, Ware was
not eligible for probation. Section 907.3(3)(e) provides the court may not
suspend the sentence for “a violation of section 124.401, subsection 1,
paragraph ‘a’ or ‘b,’ and the controlled substance is methamphetamine.” Ware
pled guilty to possession of a controlled substance (methamphetamine) with
intent to deliver as a second or subsequent offender, in violation of section
124.401(1)(b)(7). We conclude the more specific provision in section 907.3(3)
applies rather than the general provision of section 124.409. See State v.
Kramer, 773 N.W.2d 897, 900 (Iowa Ct. App. 2009) (noting a specific sentencing 6
statute controls over a general sentencing statute). We conclude Ware has not
shown he received ineffective assistance due to counsel’s failure to raise this
meritless issue. See State v. Brothern, 832 N.W.2d 187, 192 (Iowa 2013).
B. Ware also argues defense counsel should have argued that his
sentence could have been reduced under section 901.10(2) because he
cooperated in the prosecution of other persons involved in the sale or use of
controlled substances.
Section 901.10(2) provides:
If the defendant cooperates in the prosecution of other persons involved in the sale or use of controlled substances, and if the prosecutor requests an additional reduction in the defendant’s sentence because of such cooperation, the court may grant a further reduction in the defendant’s mandatory minimum sentence, up to one-half of the remaining mandatory minimum sentence.
There are two requirements for application of this section: (1) the defendant has
cooperated in the prosecution of other persons involved in the sale and use of
controlled substances; and (2) “the prosecutor requests an additional reduction
based upon such cooperation.” State v. Johnson, 630 N.W.2d 583, 587 (Iowa
2001). A reduction is dependent upon a prosecutor’s request, giving the
prosecutor the power to prevent any reduction at all. Id. at 589.
Leaving aside the issue of whether Ware cooperated in the prosecution of
others, the prosecutor in this case did not request a reduction of his sentence
based on cooperation. Because one of the two requirements was not met,
section 901.10(2) does not apply. Ware has not shown he received ineffective
assistance due to counsel’s failure to raise this meritless issue. See Brothern,
832 N.W.2d at 192. 7
C. Ware claims defense counsel failed to “fully investigate the
allegations in this matter through the discovery requests and a motion to
suppress.” Ware does not assert what he believes further investigation would
have discovered. Nor does he assert the result of the proceeding would have
been different, that he would not have accepted the plea agreement, if defense
counsel had engaged in further investigation. “When complaining about the
adequacy of an attorney’s representation, it is not enough to simply claim that
counsel should have done a better job.” Dunbar v. State, 515 N.W.2d 12, 15
(Iowa 199). A defendant “must state the specific ways in which counsel’s
performance was inadequate and identify how competent representation
probably would have changed the outcome.” Id. We conclude Ware has not
adequately alleged how he received ineffective assistance of counsel to permit
us to address the issue.
We affirm Ware’s convictions and sentences.
AFFIRMED.