NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION
STATE OF LOUISIANA COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT
JAC 18-443
STATE IN THE INTEREST OF
J.T.B., ET AL.
**********
APPEAL FROM THE FOURTEENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT PARISH OF CALCASIEU, NO. 30993 HONORABLE LILYNN ANNETTE CUTRER, DISTRICT JUDGE
BILLY HOWARD EZELL JUDGE
Court composed of Billy Howard Ezell, Phyllis M. Keaty, and Van H. Kyzar, Judges.
AFFIRMED. Nicholas Pizzolatto, Jr. State of Louisiana, Children and Family Services 1919 Kirkman Street Lake Charles, LA 70601 (337) 491-2066 COUNSEL FOR APPELLEE: State of Louisiana
James Wade Smith P. O. Box 1706 Lake Charles, LA 70602 (337) 436-8424 COUNSEL FOR APPELLANT: L. N. B. - Mother
Edward M. Nichols, Jr. 827 Pujo St. Lake Charles, LA 70601 (337) 439-8587 COUNSEL FOR APPELLEE: R. C.
Mike K. Stratton Public Defender’s Office 1032 Ryan St. Lake Charles, LA 70601 (337) 436-1758 COUNSEL FOR APPELLEES: B. D. R. J.
Lacey Bodley Children’s Advocacy Program 1 Lakeshore Dr, Ste. 1585 Lake Charles, LA 70601 (337) 491-2461 COUNSEL FOR APPELLEES: L. A. B. L. L. B. L. N. D. J. A. B. J. T. B. L. I. B.
Lachasity Bernard In Proper Person 1302 Jordan Street New Iberia, LA 70560 (337) 739-4210 EZELL, Judge.
In this matter, L.N.B. (hereinafter “the Mother”) appeals the decision of the
trial court terminating her parental rights to her six children, L.A.B., L.I.B., L.L.B.,
L.N.D., J.A.B., and J.T.B., and certifying the children as free and available for
adoption.1 For the following reasons, we hereby affirm the decision of the trial
court.
On June 15, 2016, the Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS)
received a call that the Mother was unable to care for the children, as she was
passed out due to synthetic marijuana use. DCFS went to the home and found a
house that was unfit for children to live in. The home was filled with roaches,
devoid of food, trash was scattered throughout the house, and there were no beds
for the children. The house was hot due to a lack of air conditioning. DCFS
transported the Mother to the grocery store to buy food, purchased two toddler
beds, two pack-and-play beds, and a window air conditioner. A safety plan was
put in place that day stating that the Mother would refrain from drug use while
caring for the children, would ensure the home was adequate for children to live in,
and that she would make sure they were properly supervised.
On June 28, 2016, DCFS received an additional report that the Mother was
again using synthetic marijuana, that she was being evicted, and that the children
were again unsupervised. When DCFS arrived at the home, the Mother was
incoherent and unable to answer any questions. The home was again in disarray
with trash and food on the floor. The children were dirty and several of them
reeked of urine. Once again, there was little to no edible food in the house. One of
1 The parental rights of the fathers of the children were also terminated, but they do not appeal that decision, rendering that judgment final as to them. the toddler beds and both pack-and-plays DCFS had purchased were torn up or
destroyed. While the window air conditioner had been put up, it was not running
and the house was hot.
DCFS filed for an instanter order that day and removed the children from the
home. A case plan was developed for the Mother in order for her to reconcile with
the children. The Mother was to find stable housing, was to refrain from drug use,
to find employment, to attend anger management classes, and to provide $25 per
month support per child while the children were in the care of the DCFS, among
other things. After the children were in the care of DCFS for roughly twenty
months, DCFS moved to terminate the Mother’s parental rights. After a hearing on
the matter, the trial court found that the Mother had not complied with the case
plan and that the children had been in the custody of the DCFS for over eighteen
months. Accordingly, the trial court terminated the Mother’s parental rights under
La.Ch.Code art. 1015(5)(b) and (c), as well as La.Ch.Code art. 1015(6). From that
decision, the Mother appeals.
On appeal, the Mother comes before this court in a pro se manner. She does
not assert any assignments of error, but makes a general and moving appeal for the
return of her children. This appeal comes not in a brief, but in a letter. Because
the Mother is currently a pro se litigant who lacks formal training in the law and its
rules of procedure, out of an abundance of caution and considering the delicate
nature of these proceedings, we will treat her letter as asserting a general
assignment of error that the trial court was incorrect in terminating her parental
rights. We will review the record as if that assignment of error was properly
alleged. See Bernard v. Lafayette City–Parish Consol. Gov’t., 11-816 (La.App. 3
Cir. 12/7/11), 80 So.3d 665.
2 In State in the Interest of J.A., 99-2905, pp. 7-8 (La. 1/12/00), 752 So.2d 806,
810-811(citations omitted), the supreme court stated:
In any case to involuntarily terminate parental rights, there are two private interests involved: those of the parents and those of the child. The parents have a natural, fundamental liberty interest to the continuing companionship, care, custody and management of their children warranting great deference and vigilant protection under the law, and due process requires that a fundamentally fair procedure be followed when the state seeks to terminate the parent-child legal relationship. However, the child has a profound interest, often at odds with those of his parents, in terminating parental rights that prevent adoption and inhibit establishing secure, stable, long-term, and continuous relationships found in a home with proper parental care. In balancing these interests, the courts of this state have consistently found the interest of the child to be paramount over that of the parent.
“We review a trial court’s determination as to whether parental rights should
be terminated according to the manifest error standard of review.” State in Interest
of M.A.N., 12-946, p. 3 (La.App. 3 Cir. 12/28/12), 106 So.3d 288, 290-91.
Louisiana Children’s Code Article 1015 sets forth eight grounds for termination of parental rights. Although the State need only establish one ground for termination, the trial court must also find that the termination is in the best interest of the child in order to meet the statutory requirement of La.Ch.Code art. 1035(A), which requires that grounds for termination be proven by clear and convincing evidence.
State in the Interest of J.K.G. and J.L.G., 11-908, pp. 5–6 (La.App. 3 Cir. 1/11/12),
118 So.3d 10, 14–15.
In the instant case, the State sought termination of the Mother’s parental
rights based on La.Ch.Code art. 1015(5)(b) and (c), as well as La.Ch.Code art.
1015(6). Those articles list grounds for termination of parental rights as including:
(5) Abandonment of the child by placing him in the physical custody of a nonparent, or the department, or by otherwise leaving him under circumstances demonstrating an intention to permanently avoid parental responsibility by any of the following:
....
3 (b) As of the time the petition is filed, the parent has failed to provide significant contributions to the child’s care and support for any period of six consecutive months.
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION
STATE OF LOUISIANA COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT
JAC 18-443
STATE IN THE INTEREST OF
J.T.B., ET AL.
**********
APPEAL FROM THE FOURTEENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT PARISH OF CALCASIEU, NO. 30993 HONORABLE LILYNN ANNETTE CUTRER, DISTRICT JUDGE
BILLY HOWARD EZELL JUDGE
Court composed of Billy Howard Ezell, Phyllis M. Keaty, and Van H. Kyzar, Judges.
AFFIRMED. Nicholas Pizzolatto, Jr. State of Louisiana, Children and Family Services 1919 Kirkman Street Lake Charles, LA 70601 (337) 491-2066 COUNSEL FOR APPELLEE: State of Louisiana
James Wade Smith P. O. Box 1706 Lake Charles, LA 70602 (337) 436-8424 COUNSEL FOR APPELLANT: L. N. B. - Mother
Edward M. Nichols, Jr. 827 Pujo St. Lake Charles, LA 70601 (337) 439-8587 COUNSEL FOR APPELLEE: R. C.
Mike K. Stratton Public Defender’s Office 1032 Ryan St. Lake Charles, LA 70601 (337) 436-1758 COUNSEL FOR APPELLEES: B. D. R. J.
Lacey Bodley Children’s Advocacy Program 1 Lakeshore Dr, Ste. 1585 Lake Charles, LA 70601 (337) 491-2461 COUNSEL FOR APPELLEES: L. A. B. L. L. B. L. N. D. J. A. B. J. T. B. L. I. B.
Lachasity Bernard In Proper Person 1302 Jordan Street New Iberia, LA 70560 (337) 739-4210 EZELL, Judge.
In this matter, L.N.B. (hereinafter “the Mother”) appeals the decision of the
trial court terminating her parental rights to her six children, L.A.B., L.I.B., L.L.B.,
L.N.D., J.A.B., and J.T.B., and certifying the children as free and available for
adoption.1 For the following reasons, we hereby affirm the decision of the trial
court.
On June 15, 2016, the Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS)
received a call that the Mother was unable to care for the children, as she was
passed out due to synthetic marijuana use. DCFS went to the home and found a
house that was unfit for children to live in. The home was filled with roaches,
devoid of food, trash was scattered throughout the house, and there were no beds
for the children. The house was hot due to a lack of air conditioning. DCFS
transported the Mother to the grocery store to buy food, purchased two toddler
beds, two pack-and-play beds, and a window air conditioner. A safety plan was
put in place that day stating that the Mother would refrain from drug use while
caring for the children, would ensure the home was adequate for children to live in,
and that she would make sure they were properly supervised.
On June 28, 2016, DCFS received an additional report that the Mother was
again using synthetic marijuana, that she was being evicted, and that the children
were again unsupervised. When DCFS arrived at the home, the Mother was
incoherent and unable to answer any questions. The home was again in disarray
with trash and food on the floor. The children were dirty and several of them
reeked of urine. Once again, there was little to no edible food in the house. One of
1 The parental rights of the fathers of the children were also terminated, but they do not appeal that decision, rendering that judgment final as to them. the toddler beds and both pack-and-plays DCFS had purchased were torn up or
destroyed. While the window air conditioner had been put up, it was not running
and the house was hot.
DCFS filed for an instanter order that day and removed the children from the
home. A case plan was developed for the Mother in order for her to reconcile with
the children. The Mother was to find stable housing, was to refrain from drug use,
to find employment, to attend anger management classes, and to provide $25 per
month support per child while the children were in the care of the DCFS, among
other things. After the children were in the care of DCFS for roughly twenty
months, DCFS moved to terminate the Mother’s parental rights. After a hearing on
the matter, the trial court found that the Mother had not complied with the case
plan and that the children had been in the custody of the DCFS for over eighteen
months. Accordingly, the trial court terminated the Mother’s parental rights under
La.Ch.Code art. 1015(5)(b) and (c), as well as La.Ch.Code art. 1015(6). From that
decision, the Mother appeals.
On appeal, the Mother comes before this court in a pro se manner. She does
not assert any assignments of error, but makes a general and moving appeal for the
return of her children. This appeal comes not in a brief, but in a letter. Because
the Mother is currently a pro se litigant who lacks formal training in the law and its
rules of procedure, out of an abundance of caution and considering the delicate
nature of these proceedings, we will treat her letter as asserting a general
assignment of error that the trial court was incorrect in terminating her parental
rights. We will review the record as if that assignment of error was properly
alleged. See Bernard v. Lafayette City–Parish Consol. Gov’t., 11-816 (La.App. 3
Cir. 12/7/11), 80 So.3d 665.
2 In State in the Interest of J.A., 99-2905, pp. 7-8 (La. 1/12/00), 752 So.2d 806,
810-811(citations omitted), the supreme court stated:
In any case to involuntarily terminate parental rights, there are two private interests involved: those of the parents and those of the child. The parents have a natural, fundamental liberty interest to the continuing companionship, care, custody and management of their children warranting great deference and vigilant protection under the law, and due process requires that a fundamentally fair procedure be followed when the state seeks to terminate the parent-child legal relationship. However, the child has a profound interest, often at odds with those of his parents, in terminating parental rights that prevent adoption and inhibit establishing secure, stable, long-term, and continuous relationships found in a home with proper parental care. In balancing these interests, the courts of this state have consistently found the interest of the child to be paramount over that of the parent.
“We review a trial court’s determination as to whether parental rights should
be terminated according to the manifest error standard of review.” State in Interest
of M.A.N., 12-946, p. 3 (La.App. 3 Cir. 12/28/12), 106 So.3d 288, 290-91.
Louisiana Children’s Code Article 1015 sets forth eight grounds for termination of parental rights. Although the State need only establish one ground for termination, the trial court must also find that the termination is in the best interest of the child in order to meet the statutory requirement of La.Ch.Code art. 1035(A), which requires that grounds for termination be proven by clear and convincing evidence.
State in the Interest of J.K.G. and J.L.G., 11-908, pp. 5–6 (La.App. 3 Cir. 1/11/12),
118 So.3d 10, 14–15.
In the instant case, the State sought termination of the Mother’s parental
rights based on La.Ch.Code art. 1015(5)(b) and (c), as well as La.Ch.Code art.
1015(6). Those articles list grounds for termination of parental rights as including:
(5) Abandonment of the child by placing him in the physical custody of a nonparent, or the department, or by otherwise leaving him under circumstances demonstrating an intention to permanently avoid parental responsibility by any of the following:
....
3 (b) As of the time the petition is filed, the parent has failed to provide significant contributions to the child’s care and support for any period of six consecutive months.
(c) As of the time the petition is filed, the parent has failed to maintain significant contact with the child by visiting him or communicating with him for any period of six consecutive months.
(6) Unless sooner permitted by the court, at least one year has elapsed since a child was removed from the parent’s custody pursuant to a court order; there has been no substantial parental compliance with a case plan for services which has been previously filed by the department and approved by the court as necessary for the safe return of the child; and despite earlier intervention, there is no reasonable expectation of significant improvement in the parent’s condition or conduct in the near future, considering the child’s age and his need for a safe, stable, and permanent home.
Reviewing the record before this court, we can find no error in the trial
court’s ruling. The record shows that nearly twenty months had passed between
the time the children were removed from the Mother’s care and the trial on this
matter. The Mother failed to substantially comply with her case plan.
While the Mother testified she had started working just prior to trial, she had
not maintained steady employment during the prior year-and-a-half. She still had
no housing of her own, and moved frequently enough that DCFS could not visit
her at any home to inspect the house. DCFS was unable to reach her throughout
the twenty months over the phone. Although she alleges she sought drug treatment,
the Mother has never provided DCFS with proof of this treatment or signed any
releases so that DCFS could investigate her claims on its own. Furthermore, the
Mother failed one drug test, testing positive for cocaine. Her admitted drug of
choice, synthetic marijuana, would not have shown up on drug screens.
The Mother frequently missed visitation with the children and, according to
the testimony of the CASA workers supervising those visits, she seemed mostly
uninterested in the children, giving them her phone, rather than interacting with
4 them in the limited time she could see them. Furthermore, there is no evidence that
the Mother paid any support to DCFS in accordance with her case plan. While the
Mother alleges she has “paid” support to DCFS via the seizure of a tax return, she
offered no proof, the DCFS has no record of the alleged payment at all, and worse,
the Mother blatantly admitted to receiving any such refund via obvious tax fraud.
She claims she received a sizable tax refund by claiming her children for a year in
which they were entirely in the custody of DCFS and by claiming other family
members who did not live with her. Even if the illegal refund had actually been
seized, the Mother still went over eighteen months without paying support prior to
the alleged seizure, as noted by the trial court. Finally, the Mother admits she did
not attend anger management counseling as required by the case plan.
It is clear from the record before this court that the Mother did not
substantially comply with her case plan and termination of her parental rights is in
the best interests of the children. As noted by the trial court, the Mother may want
her children back, but over the course of twenty months she failed to do the things
required to have them returned to her care. We can find no error in the ruling of
the trial court below.
For the above reasons, the decision of the trial court is affirmed. Costs of
this appeal are hereby assessed against the Mother.
AFFIRMED.
This opinion is NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION. Uniform Rules—Courts of Appeal. Rule 2-16.3.