STATE FARM MUT. AUTO. INS. COMPANY v. Horkheimer

814 So. 2d 1069, 2002 Fla. App. LEXIS 6599, 2001 WL 1613855
CourtDistrict Court of Appeal of Florida
DecidedMay 15, 2002
Docket4D00-4069
StatusPublished
Cited by16 cases

This text of 814 So. 2d 1069 (STATE FARM MUT. AUTO. INS. COMPANY v. Horkheimer) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court of Appeal of Florida primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
STATE FARM MUT. AUTO. INS. COMPANY v. Horkheimer, 814 So. 2d 1069, 2002 Fla. App. LEXIS 6599, 2001 WL 1613855 (Fla. Ct. App. 2002).

Opinion

814 So.2d 1069 (2001)

STATE FARM MUTUAL AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE COMPANY, Appellant,
v.
Jill HORKHEIMER, Appellee.

No. 4D00-4069.

District Court of Appeal of Florida, Fourth District.

December 19, 2001.
Opinion on Denial of Rehearing May 15, 2002.

*1070 Philip D. Parrish and Elizabeth K. Russo of Russo Parrish Appellate Firm, Miami, for appellant.

Gary M. Farmer, Jr. of Gillespie, Goldman, Kronengold & Farmer, LLP, Fort Lauderdale, for appellee.

WARNER, J.

State Farm appeals an order denying its motion to set aside a $1.2 million final judgment and to conform the judgment to its uninsured motorist policy limits of $25,000. The trial court found that State Farm failed to establish any basis for relief under Florida Rule of Civil Procedure 1.540(b). Because we conclude that the judgment must be vacated due to mistake, in that a judgment could not be entered in excess of the policy limit as alleged in the complaint, we reverse.

On April 30, 1999, Jill Horkheimer ("the insured") filed a complaint against State Farm under her uninsured motorist coverage. In it, she alleged that State Farm provided a policy of underinsured/uninsured motorist protection with an aggregate stacked policy limit of $50,000 which inured to her benefit. She further alleged that the policy was in full force and effect on the date she was involved in an automobile accident with an underinsured or uninsured driver. As a result of the driver's negligence, she suffered substantial injuries that the driver's insurance inadequately compensated. Finally, she alleged that she had fully complied with the terms of the policy and demanded judgment for compensatory damages from State Farm.

Although State Farm was served with process and was aware of the suit, it never filed an answer. Some nine months after the suit was filed, the insured's attorney obtained a clerk's default. Even after obtaining a default against State Farm, the insured still requested State Farm to appear *1071 and defend. The case proceeded, and State Farm was served with a series of motions and the court's notice of a calendar call, requiring a pretrial statement to be filed. The insured's pretrial statement set forth a brief statement of facts and then stated, "The defendant, State Farm, has not responded to this lawsuit by filing an answer and is therefore in default." The only issue of law or fact for determination at trial was listed as "Damages of the Plaintiff."

A jury trial was held, at which State Farm failed to appear. The verdict asked the jury to determine only the amount of damages sustained by the insured as a result of the incident in question. The jury found those damages to be $1,075,092. The court entered a final judgment in that amount, plus attorney's fees in the amount of $101,250 and interest. The final judgment indicates that a copy of the judgment was sent only to the insured's attorney.

Two months later, State Farm filed a motion to vacate the judgment and quash service after it had been notified that its certificate of authority to do business in the state was about to be suspended for nonpayment of the judgment. After obtaining a stay, it filed a second motion alleging that the judgment must be conformed to the policy limits. It also alleged that the default was improperly entered, and thus, both the default and the judgment entered thereon should be set aside.

At a full hearing on the issues, State Farm withdrew its motion to quash service of process, arguing foremost that the judgment could not exceed the policy limits and that a proper default had not been entered. In arguing against vacating the default, the insured's attorney represented to the court that a trial had been held on liability and damages; therefore, the default "means nothing in this case." The court entered an extensive order outlining the repeated contact between the parties throughout the proceedings. While it found that State Farm had notice of the default, it concluded that if it set aside the default, it was not required to also set aside the final judgment because the final judgment was obtained on issues of liability and damages. It also determined that no other ground for relief under rule 1.540(b) was alleged or proven. It therefore denied relief, prompting this appeal.

On appeal, State Farm attacks the denial of its motion to vacate the judgment on two basic grounds. First, it argues that absent a bad faith claim, a judgment in an uninsured motorist case can only be entered against a UM carrier in an amount up to the policy limits where those policy limits are known and agreed upon. Second, it contends that where a party has obtained a default, relief may not be granted beyond what is supported by the pleadings or substantive law applicable to the pleadings. We agree with these contentions, but in this particular case, we conclude that a judgment for $50,000 is authorized where that amount was alleged as the policy limits in the complaint and a default was entered against State Farm.

Absent a showing of bad faith, a judgment cannot be entered against an insurer in excess of its policy limits. See Allstate Ins. Co. v. Sutton, 707 So.2d 760, 761 (Fla. 2d DCA 1998) (UM case); Gov't Employees Ins. Co. v. Robinson, 581 So.2d 230, 231 (Fla. 3d DCA 1991) (UM case). This rule has been applied in cases where the policy limits were revealed and agreed to in the record in some form, usually during discovery. See Robinson, 581 So.2d at 231; see also Dixie Ins. Co. v. Lewis, 484 So.2d 89, 89 (Fla. 2d DCA 1986); Allstate Ins. Co. v. Shilling, 374 So.2d 611, 613-14 (Fla. 4th DCA 1979); Quinn v. Millard, 358 So.2d 1378, 1381 (Fla. 3d DCA 1978), abrogated on other *1072 grounds by Ridley v. Safety Kleen Corp., 693 So.2d 934 (Fla.1996); Soler v. Kukula, 297 So.2d 600, 601 (Fla. 3d DCA 1974).

In Stella v. Craine, 281 So.2d 584, 585-86 (Fla. 4th DCA 1973), we held that relief from judgment pursuant to rule 1.540(b) was available where a judgment was entered against an insurance company for an amount in excess of the policy limits. The insurer had asserted the limits of its policy as a defense to the automobile negligence action against its insured and had notified the plaintiff's counsel of the $10,000 limit prior to trial. After jury trial, the court entered a judgment against the insurer for $13,500 based upon the jury verdict. Although the motion to conform the final judgment to the policy limits was not brought within the time for rehearing, we considered it as a request for relief pursuant to rule 1.540(b). We concluded that the judgment amounted to a clerical error or oversight where all the parties knew that the insurer's liability was limited to the policy amount. See id. at 586. We said,

Plaintiff's counsel caused the final judgment to be prepared. Since he knew that the insurer's liability under the policy was only $10,000, causing the judgment to be entered against the insurer for $13,500 would have to be either an oversight or clerical mistake on the one hand, or a deliberate fraud on the court on the other. There is certainly not the slightest suggestion of any attempt at deliberate fraud.

Id.

The insured attempts to distinguish the cases that hold that a judgment against the insurer must be limited to the policy amount, and Stella in particular, on the ground that in each of those cases the insurer appeared and asserted a defense of the policy limits or the limits were revealed in discovery.

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814 So. 2d 1069, 2002 Fla. App. LEXIS 6599, 2001 WL 1613855, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-farm-mut-auto-ins-company-v-horkheimer-fladistctapp-2002.