State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. Cheeks

2014 Ohio 410

• Court: Ohio Court of Appeals
• Decided: February 3, 2014
• Docket: 2013CA00135
• Status: Published

Opinion

[Cite as State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. Cheeks, 2014-Ohio-410.]

COURT OF APPEALS STARK COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

JUDGES: STATE FARM MUTUAL : Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P.J. AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE : Hon. William B. Hoffman, J. COMPANY : Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, J. : Plaintiff-Appellee : : Case No. 2013CA00135 -vs- : : JAMES T. CHEEKS, JR. : OPINION

Defendant-Appellant

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Civil appeal from the Stark County Court of Common Pleas, Case No. 2013-CV-00160

JUDGMENT: Affirmed

DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: February 3, 2014

APPEARANCES:

For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant

STEVEN ZEEHANDELAR RAYMOND MUELLER BRITTANY HENSLEY Pelini, Campbell & Williams, LLC ALESSANDRO SABATINO. JR. 8040 Cleveland Avenue N.W., Ste. 400 471 E. Broad St. Suite 1500 North Canton, OH 44720 Columbus, OH 43215 [Cite as State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. Cheeks, 2014-Ohio-410.]

Gwin, P.J.

{¶1} Appellant appeals the June 6, 2013 judgment entry of the Stark County

Common Pleas Court granting summary judgment to appellee on its complaint.

Facts & Procedural History

{¶2} On January 19, 2011, appellant James T. Cheeks, Jr. operated a motor

vehicle and caused a collision between his vehicle and the vehicle of Ronald Posey

(“Posey”) when appellant went left-of-center. The accident occurred in Paris Township,

Stark County, Ohio. Posey’s vehicle was damaged in the accident. Posey had an

insurance policy with appellee State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company.

Appellee paid Posey $35,757.19 for the loss of his vehicle and $200.00 for rental

expenses.

{¶3} On January 16, 2013, appellee filed a subrogation action arising out of the

January 2011 automobile collision. The complaint alleged that, as a direct and

proximate result of appellant’s negligence, Posey incurred damage to his motor vehicle

of $35,757.19 and rental expenses of $200.00. Further, that, pursuant to the insurance

policy, appellee paid these amounts to Posey and thus is subrogated in those amounts,

less a net salvage recovery it received in the amount of $6,075.37. Appellee requested

a judgment against appellant in the amount of $29,881.82 plus interest and costs.

{¶4} Appellant filed an answer to the complaint on February 8, 2013. On May

22, 2013, appellee filed a motion for summary judgment. Appellee included an affidavit

of a State Farm company representative, Maria Fisher (“Fisher”), in the motion for

summary judgment. The affidavit stated that the vehicle was inspected and determined

by appellee to be damaged and deemed a total loss. Further, that appellee used a Stark County, Case No. 2013CA00135 3

NADA valuation report to determine the fair market value of Posey’s vehicle, based on

the value prior to the collision, of $33,875.00. The affidavit stated that appellee

determined Posey was entitled to compensation in the amount of $2,117.19 and $15.00

for taxes and title fees. Also attached as an exhibit to the motion for summary judgment

is appellee’s record of payments setting forth the payments appellee made to Posey

and Posey’s affidavit. Appellant filed a response to appellee’s motion for summary

judgment and argued that Posey was comparatively negligent and that a fair market

value damages calculation does not include tax and title fees.

{¶5} On June 6, 2013, the Stark County Common Pleas Court granted

appellee’s motion for summary judgment against appellant for $29,881.82, plus costs

and interest at the statutory rate of 3% per annum. Appellant appeals the June 6, 2013

judgment and assigns the following as error:

{¶6} “I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN GRANTING SUMMARY JUDGMENT

TO PLAINTIFF STATE FARM MUTUAL AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE COMPANY

WHERE MATERIAL FACTS WERE AT ISSUE.”

I.

Summary Judgment

{¶7} Civ.R. 56 states, in pertinent part:

“Summary judgment shall be rendered forthwith if the pleadings,

depositions, answers to interrogatories, written admissions, affidavits,

transcripts of evidence, and written stipulations of fact, if any, timely filed

in the action, show that there is no genuine issue of material fact and that

the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. No evidence or Stark County, Case No. 2013CA00135 4

stipulation may be considered except as stated in this rule. A summary

judgment shall not be rendered unless it appears from the evidence or

stipulation, and only from the evidence or stipulation, that reasonable

minds can come to but one conclusion and that conclusion is adverse to

the party against whom the motion for summary judgment is made, that

party being entitled to have the evidence or stipulation construed mostly

strongly in the party’s favor. A summary judgment, interlocutory in

character, may be rendered on the issue of liability alone although there is

a genuine issue as to the amount of damages.”

{¶8} A trial court should not enter a summary judgment if it appears a material

fact is genuinely disputed, nor if, construing the allegations most favorably towards the

non-moving party, reasonable minds could draw different conclusions from the

undisputed facts. Hounshell v. Am. States Ins. Co., 67 Ohio St.2d 427, 424 N.E.2d 311

(1981). The court may not resolve any ambiguities in the evidence presented. Inland

Refuse Transfer Co. v. Browning-Ferris Inds. of Ohio, Inc., 15 Ohio St.3d 321, 474

N.E.2d 271 (1984). A fact is material if it affects the outcome of the case under the

applicable substantive law. Russell v. Interim Personnel, Inc., 135 Ohio App.3d 301,

733 N.E.2d 1186 (6th Dist. 1999).

{¶9} When reviewing a trial court’s decision to grant summary judgment, an

appellate court applies the same standard used by the trial court. Smiddy v. The

Wedding Party, Inc., 30 Ohio St.3d 35, 506 N.E.2d 212 (1987). This means we review

the matter de novo. Doe v. Shaffer, 90 Ohio St.3d 388, 2000-Ohio-186, 738 N.E.2d

1243. Stark County, Case No. 2013CA00135 5

{¶10} The party moving for summary judgment bears the initial burden of

informing the trial court of the basis of the motion and identifying the portions of the

record which demonstrates absence of a genuine issue of fact on a material element of

the non-moving party’s claim. Drescher v. Burt, 75 Ohio St.3d 280, 662 N.E.2d 264

(1996). Once the moving party meets its initial burden, the burden shifts to the non-

moving party to set forth specific facts demonstrating a genuine issue of material fact

does exist. Id. The non-moving party may not rest upon the allegations and denials in

the pleadings, but instead must submit some evidentiary materials showing a genuine

dispute over material facts. Henkle v. Henkle, 75 Ohio App.3d 732, 600 N.E.2d 791

(12th Dist. 1991).

Fisher’s Affidavit

{¶11} Appellant first argues the trial court erred in granting summary judgment to

appellee because Fisher’s affidavit is defective. Appellant contends her affidavit is

defective because the affidavit does not indicate she created the NADA report and the

affidavit is inadequate to explain appellee’s determination of salvage value.

{¶12} Appellant raises these arguments for the first time on appeal. A party

cannot assert new arguments for the first time on appeal. Stores Realty Co. v.

Cleveland, 41 Ohio St. 41, 42, 322 N.E.2d 629 (1975). As a general rule, a litigant who

has the opportunity to raise an issue in the trial court, but declines to do so, waives the

right to raise that issue on appeal. The Strip Delaware, LLC v. Landry’s Restaurants,

Inc., 5th Dist. No. 2010CA00316, 2011-Ohio-4075. Since appellant failed to make the

arguments that Fisher’s affidavit is defective and is inadequate to explain appellee’s

determination of salvage value to the trial court, this Court will not review these issues Stark County, Case No. 2013CA00135 6

on appeal. May v. Westfield Village L.P., 5th Dist. No. 02-COA-051, 2003-Ohio-5023,

citing Lippy v. Society Nat’l Bank, 88 Ohio App.3d 33, 623 N.E.2d 108 (1993).

Taxes and Title

{¶13} Appellant contends the trial court erred in granting summary judgment

when taxes and title fees were improperly included in the calculation of damages

because fair market value does not include fees for taxes and title.

{¶14} The rules regarding recovery of compensatory damages to personal

property generally apply to cases involving damage to vehicles. Rakich v. Anthem Blue

Cross & Blue Shield, 10th Dist. No. 06AP-1067, 2007-Ohio-3739. In a tort action, the

measure of damages is the amount that will make the injured party whole and is guided

by the principle “that an injured party should have sufficient compensation for injuries to

make him whole * * *.” Id. When a vehicle cannot be repaired, the usual measure of

damages is the difference in the fair market value of the vehicle immediately before and

immediately after the collision. Id. Fair market value is the price a seller is willing to

accept and a buyer is willing to pay on the open market and in an arm’s length

transaction. Black’s Law Dictionary 18(c) (9th ed. 2009).

{¶15} In Bingham v. Slabach, the owner of a car brought a negligence suit

against a motorist who struck the owner’s car. 5th Dist. No. 2008-CA-0085, 2008-CA-

0086, 2008-Ohio-5555. In Bingham, this Court reversed the ruling of the trial court and

awarded the owner of the vehicle damages to property including amounts for the fair

market value of the vehicle, sales tax, towing and labor. Id. We found that appellant

was “entitled to recover all the costs proximately caused by appellee’s negligence” and Stark County, Case No. 2013CA00135 7

that the fees for sales tax, towing, and labor were necessitated by appellee’s negligence

in causing the accident.

{¶16} In this case, appellee is subrogated to the rights of Posey. Chemical

Adhesives, Inc. v. Am. Mfrs. Mut. Ins. Co., 42 Ohio St.3d 40, 42, 537 N.E.2d 624

(1989). Like the owner of the car in Bingham, Posey is entitled to sales tax and title

fees in order to recover all the costs proximately caused by appellant’s negligence and

to receive sufficient compensation to make him whole. In her affidavit, Fisher states

that Posey was entitled to tax and title fees of $2,117.19 and $15.00, respectively.

Appellant failed to submit any Civil Rule 56(C) evidence in response to Fisher’s affidavit

disputing the amount of the tax or title fees. Accordingly, the trial court did not err in

including taxes and title fees in the calculation of damages against appellant.

Attachment of Insurance Policy

{¶17} Appellant next argues the trial court erred in granting summary judgment

to appellee because a certified copy of the insurance policy including subrogation

provisions was not attached to appellee’s motion for summary judgment. In State Farm

Mut. Auto Ins. v. Williams, this Court affirmed a decision by the trial court to deny a

motion for directed verdict when a policy was not admitted into evidence at trial. 5th

Dist. No. 13-CA-04, 2013-Ohio-3884. We determined that State Farm did not have to

introduce into evidence an insurance policy to demonstrate its right to recover from a

tortfeasor who damaged its insured’s car when sufficient evidence of subrogation was

presented through the testimony of the insured and the testimony of the insurance

representative. Id. This case is analogous to the Williams case. In Posey’s affidavit,

he states that, on the date of the accident, he was insured under a policy of insurance Stark County, Case No. 2013CA00135 8

with appellee and that the policy provided collision and rental coverage to him for his

vehicle. Further, that appellee has the right to collect the amounts paid to/or on his

behalf from appellant pursuant to the terms of his insurance policy with appellee.

Fisher’s affidavit, also attached to appellee’s motion for summary judgment, provides

that, “the policy under which the aforementioned payment was made provides for a right

of subrogation.” In his response to appellee’s motion for summary judgment, appellant

fails to dispute these facts as set forth in Posey and Fisher’s affidavits and thus fails to

set forth specific facts demonstrating a genuine issue of material fact exists.

Accordingly, the trial court did not err in granting appellee summary judgment though

appellee failed to attach a copy of the insurance policy to its motion for summary

judgment.

Comparative Negligence

{¶18} Appellant finally contends the trial court erred in granting summary

judgment because questions of material fact exist as to Posey’s comparative

negligence. We disagree. In Posey’s affidavit, he states that the accident occurred

when appellant fell asleep at the wheel and went left-of-center. Further, that “I did not

do anything to cause or contribute to the collision.” Posey states that, “[appellant]

admitted at the scene of the accident that he fell asleep behind the wheel of his vehicle,

causing the subject collision.” In his response to the motion for summary judgment,

appellant admits he went left-of-center, but argues a jury must decide issues of

comparative negligence. Appellee fulfilled its initial summary judgment burden of

informing the trial court the basis of the motion and identifying the portions of the record

which demonstrate an absence of genuine issue of fact on a material element. Stark County, Case No. 2013CA00135 9

However, appellant failed to provide any Civil Rule 56(C) evidence that Posey

contributed to the collision. Thus, appellant failed to set forth specific facts

demonstrating a genuine issue of material fact on the issue of comparative negligence.

Accordingly, no questions of material fact exist as to Posey’s comparative negligence

and the trial court did not err in granting appellee’s motion for summary judgment.

{¶19} Based on the foregoing, the trial court did not err in granting summary

judgment to appellee. Appellant’s assignment of error is overruled. The June 6, 2013

judgment entry of the Stark County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.

By Gwin, P.J.,

Hoffman, J., and

Delaney, J., concur