Maeshall, J.
Many jurisdictional features were claimed to characterize the attempt by tbe tax commission to exercise authority under secs. IWla-lOW, Stats. They were designed to provide a remedy for failure of a county board to make an equitable relative valuation of the taxable property in the taxing districts of its county. None of the suggested infirmities were found below to exist. Only the one covered by the following proposition need be considered here for reasons which will appear in the course of the discussion of it.
Did the appellate tribunal comply with the provisions of sec. 1017/ which provides that:
“At the time fixed for such preliminary hearing, or at the time to which the same may be adjourned, the tax commission shall determine whether such appeal shall be entertained •or dismissed. For that purpose they shall consider such sworn statements as may be filed and such testimony and arguments as may be presented within such reasonable time as the •commission may fix for such presentation. If satisfied that no substantial injustice has been done in the county assessment appealed from, the commission in its discretion may dismiss such appeal. If the appeal be not dismissed, the commission, at such preliminary hearing or. at the time to which it may be adjourned, shall make up the issues between the parties to such appeal and ascertain whether the review and redetermination sought by such appeal shall extend to all or to a part only of the towns, cities and villages in such county, whether to real estate or personal property or to all taxable property therein; and for that purpose the commission may require further statements in the nature of pleadings to be filed and may cause any statement filed, serving as a pleading, to be amended or made more definite and certain.”
It will be seen that the statute contemplates a noticed time and place for a hearing on the question of whether a proposed appeal shall be entertained, at which the commission shall be .present and hear the matter, affording the parties interested opportunity to present evidence for and against the proposition, to be represented by counsel, to be informed as to just [497]*497wbat the final outcome will be based on, to present arguments to the commission in respect thereto, and that upon the case so heard and submitted, the commission shall decide, and then formulate issues defining the scope of 'the review.
It is important, at tlie outset, to note that the statute,- in mandatory language, requires the commission to make its determination at the hearing and then, or at some adjournment, to formulate issues. That, necessarily, implies, that the commission shall make up such issues in session so that the parties may have opportunity to be heard in respect thereto.
As to what was in fact done of the requirements mentioned in the quoted section, 'the record imports verity. Smith v. Bahr, 62 Wis. 244, 22 N. W. 438. As to courts of general jurisdiction all presumptions are in favor of regularity, but as to a mere tribunal exercising quasi-judicial authority under a special grant of power with specifically defined procedure, no presumption as to substantial compliance therewith can supplement, the record, nor can it be aided by evidence aliunde the record. 1 Bailey, Jurisdiction, sec. 130 and cases cited.
True, a final order made, as appears on its face, with all -essentials of regularity, is prima facie evidence that the preliminary requisites were complied with, and so the record is said to show the jurisdictional facts in the absence of some affirmative proof to the contrary. Williams v. Mitchell, 49 Wis. 284, 288, 5 N. W. 798; State ex rel. Jenkins v. Harland, 74 Wis. 11, 12, 41 N. W. 1060; State ex rel. Gottschalk v. Miller, 136 Wis. 344, 117 N. W. 809. That rule, quite out of harmony with the ancient doctrine, early became quite significant, based on a statute applicable to a particular class •of cases.
Later it was extended by the court without support by reference to authority. State ex rel. Manitowoc v. County Clerk, 59 Wis. 15, 16 N. W. 617; Common Council v. State ex rel. [498]*498Perkins, 59 Wis. 425, 18 N. W. 324. But that liberal rule and salutary doctrine does not support presumptive impeachment of the record. That is to say, when the petition for a writ of certiorari challenging the validity of a proceeding, as in this case, upon specific failure to observe jurisdictional essentials, is answered by a return purporting to show just what was done in respect thereto, it cannot be presumed, in favor of the respondent, that something additional was done. The challenge, in such a case, calls for an affirmative showing of jurisdiction and an answer exhibiting the facts, leaving no room for a presumption that anything additional occurred.
■ Here it was claimed that, at the preliminary hearing only one member of the commission appeared, that parties by counsel entered appearances; that no proofs were presented in respect to the controversy; that parties and counsel were notified that a later time would be fixed, of which due notice would be given, for presentment of proofs; that no adjournment was taken, no further hearing had, no issue made up, and nothing further occurred to the notice of the parties interested, in advance of the filing of a pretended formal decision, signed by the secretary of the commission, as such,, which occurred some over three months after the real termination of the hearing, June 31, 1914.
The return to the writ confessed the aforesaid allegations of the writ, as to only one member of the commission attending at the preliminary hearing, the appearance of parties, the absence of any adjournment, the delay in making the determination, final occurrence thereof without notice to the parties or opportunity to be heard upon the proofs to be considered, and a decision, based in part, upon proofs not presented at the hearing or of which the parties had notice and opportunity to discuss the same before the tribunal.
Setting aside the determination by local authority of such an important matter as was involved in this case, is no ordinary affair. That is recognized by the statute. Hence, at [499]*499every step, it provides that tbe commission, acting in its quasi-judicial capacity and upon due notice and opportunity to be beard, shall decide. Tbe statute was beld constitutional only upon tbe theory that it provides for a qmsi-judicial remedy for wrongdoing on tbe part of local officers. State ex rel. Hessey v. Daniels, 143 Wis. 649, 128 N. W. 565.
Tbe tax commission, in tbe field in question, does not act under any general authority. It is made a giiasi-judicial tribunal for tbe particular purpose, with specified procedure to be observed in order to afford a just treatment of tbe matter. Such tribunal is within tbe class placed by sec. 8, art. VII, of tbe constitution under tbe superintending control of tbe circuit courts. State ex rel. Augusta v. Losby, 115 Wis. 51, 90 N. W. 188; State ex rel. Hessey v. Daniels, 143 Wis. 649, 128 N. W. 565.
Such a tribunal being a mere legislative creation, it has no power except such as is particularly granted. There being-no remedy provided for reviewing its acts, except upon jurisdictional grounds, tbe mandatory requirements of its creation and activity must be, at least, substantially followed as an essential to validity of tbe result.
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
Maeshall, J.
Many jurisdictional features were claimed to characterize the attempt by tbe tax commission to exercise authority under secs. IWla-lOW, Stats. They were designed to provide a remedy for failure of a county board to make an equitable relative valuation of the taxable property in the taxing districts of its county. None of the suggested infirmities were found below to exist. Only the one covered by the following proposition need be considered here for reasons which will appear in the course of the discussion of it.
Did the appellate tribunal comply with the provisions of sec. 1017/ which provides that:
“At the time fixed for such preliminary hearing, or at the time to which the same may be adjourned, the tax commission shall determine whether such appeal shall be entertained •or dismissed. For that purpose they shall consider such sworn statements as may be filed and such testimony and arguments as may be presented within such reasonable time as the •commission may fix for such presentation. If satisfied that no substantial injustice has been done in the county assessment appealed from, the commission in its discretion may dismiss such appeal. If the appeal be not dismissed, the commission, at such preliminary hearing or. at the time to which it may be adjourned, shall make up the issues between the parties to such appeal and ascertain whether the review and redetermination sought by such appeal shall extend to all or to a part only of the towns, cities and villages in such county, whether to real estate or personal property or to all taxable property therein; and for that purpose the commission may require further statements in the nature of pleadings to be filed and may cause any statement filed, serving as a pleading, to be amended or made more definite and certain.”
It will be seen that the statute contemplates a noticed time and place for a hearing on the question of whether a proposed appeal shall be entertained, at which the commission shall be .present and hear the matter, affording the parties interested opportunity to present evidence for and against the proposition, to be represented by counsel, to be informed as to just [497]*497wbat the final outcome will be based on, to present arguments to the commission in respect thereto, and that upon the case so heard and submitted, the commission shall decide, and then formulate issues defining the scope of 'the review.
It is important, at tlie outset, to note that the statute,- in mandatory language, requires the commission to make its determination at the hearing and then, or at some adjournment, to formulate issues. That, necessarily, implies, that the commission shall make up such issues in session so that the parties may have opportunity to be heard in respect thereto.
As to what was in fact done of the requirements mentioned in the quoted section, 'the record imports verity. Smith v. Bahr, 62 Wis. 244, 22 N. W. 438. As to courts of general jurisdiction all presumptions are in favor of regularity, but as to a mere tribunal exercising quasi-judicial authority under a special grant of power with specifically defined procedure, no presumption as to substantial compliance therewith can supplement, the record, nor can it be aided by evidence aliunde the record. 1 Bailey, Jurisdiction, sec. 130 and cases cited.
True, a final order made, as appears on its face, with all -essentials of regularity, is prima facie evidence that the preliminary requisites were complied with, and so the record is said to show the jurisdictional facts in the absence of some affirmative proof to the contrary. Williams v. Mitchell, 49 Wis. 284, 288, 5 N. W. 798; State ex rel. Jenkins v. Harland, 74 Wis. 11, 12, 41 N. W. 1060; State ex rel. Gottschalk v. Miller, 136 Wis. 344, 117 N. W. 809. That rule, quite out of harmony with the ancient doctrine, early became quite significant, based on a statute applicable to a particular class •of cases.
Later it was extended by the court without support by reference to authority. State ex rel. Manitowoc v. County Clerk, 59 Wis. 15, 16 N. W. 617; Common Council v. State ex rel. [498]*498Perkins, 59 Wis. 425, 18 N. W. 324. But that liberal rule and salutary doctrine does not support presumptive impeachment of the record. That is to say, when the petition for a writ of certiorari challenging the validity of a proceeding, as in this case, upon specific failure to observe jurisdictional essentials, is answered by a return purporting to show just what was done in respect thereto, it cannot be presumed, in favor of the respondent, that something additional was done. The challenge, in such a case, calls for an affirmative showing of jurisdiction and an answer exhibiting the facts, leaving no room for a presumption that anything additional occurred.
■ Here it was claimed that, at the preliminary hearing only one member of the commission appeared, that parties by counsel entered appearances; that no proofs were presented in respect to the controversy; that parties and counsel were notified that a later time would be fixed, of which due notice would be given, for presentment of proofs; that no adjournment was taken, no further hearing had, no issue made up, and nothing further occurred to the notice of the parties interested, in advance of the filing of a pretended formal decision, signed by the secretary of the commission, as such,, which occurred some over three months after the real termination of the hearing, June 31, 1914.
The return to the writ confessed the aforesaid allegations of the writ, as to only one member of the commission attending at the preliminary hearing, the appearance of parties, the absence of any adjournment, the delay in making the determination, final occurrence thereof without notice to the parties or opportunity to be heard upon the proofs to be considered, and a decision, based in part, upon proofs not presented at the hearing or of which the parties had notice and opportunity to discuss the same before the tribunal.
Setting aside the determination by local authority of such an important matter as was involved in this case, is no ordinary affair. That is recognized by the statute. Hence, at [499]*499every step, it provides that tbe commission, acting in its quasi-judicial capacity and upon due notice and opportunity to be beard, shall decide. Tbe statute was beld constitutional only upon tbe theory that it provides for a qmsi-judicial remedy for wrongdoing on tbe part of local officers. State ex rel. Hessey v. Daniels, 143 Wis. 649, 128 N. W. 565.
Tbe tax commission, in tbe field in question, does not act under any general authority. It is made a giiasi-judicial tribunal for tbe particular purpose, with specified procedure to be observed in order to afford a just treatment of tbe matter. Such tribunal is within tbe class placed by sec. 8, art. VII, of tbe constitution under tbe superintending control of tbe circuit courts. State ex rel. Augusta v. Losby, 115 Wis. 51, 90 N. W. 188; State ex rel. Hessey v. Daniels, 143 Wis. 649, 128 N. W. 565.
Such a tribunal being a mere legislative creation, it has no power except such as is particularly granted. There being-no remedy provided for reviewing its acts, except upon jurisdictional grounds, tbe mandatory requirements of its creation and activity must be, at least, substantially followed as an essential to validity of tbe result. Tbe interested parties have an absolute right to insist upon that. Tbe principle of due process of law requires it.
Now were tbe mandatory calls of tbe statute for a commission bearing with opportunity for adversary parties to appear with counsel, present evidence, bear tbe evidence and discuss tbe same, and to have a decision thereon, followed ? It seems they were not and that tbe commission misconceived its power and tbe importance of a controversy involving whether the result of exercise of tbe most important function of local self-government should be condemned as invalid, and a new one, made by an appellate tribunal, take its place.
Counsel for respondents rely upon tbe general authority conferred upon the tax commission by sec. 1087' — 37, to appoint a secretary to perform such duties as may be required [500]*500by it, to make needful rules, not inconsistent witb law, for the orderly and methodical performance of its duties as a board of assessment, and for conducting hearings and other proceedings before it. We cannot perceive anything therein which warrants violation of the mandatory requirements of sec. 1071/.
Reliance is also placed on sec. 1087 — 40a, which is referable to ch. 506, Laws of 1911, and provides that “the commission may, in its discretion, appoint one of its members, or its secretary or engineer, to act for it to investigate and make report upon any matter pending before it, and such member, secretary or engineer, may hold hearings, administer oaths to witnesses, take testimony and perform all duties necessary to carry his commission into effect. He shall report any evidence submitted to him to the commission in such manner as it may prescribe.” The very nature of the authority thus granted, repels the idea that it was intended to authorize the commission to delegate to one of its members, or its secretary or engineer, guosi-judicial duties under sec. 1077/. It would not be free from serious doubt as to whether authority to delegate such power could be given. The delegable authority, obviously, is confined to purely administrative duties as distinguished from those of a judicial nature. But let that be as it may, and given all the effect claimed for sec. 1087 — 40a, it does not militate against the necessity to observe the requirements of sec. 1077/, that the parties interested shall have'opportunity to hear the evidence produced, to oppose it with evidence, to be heard by counsel, upon the case as closed by the proofs and to have the controversy determined upon such proofs; all of which was widely departed from. But we. hold firmly to the view that the term “commission” as used in sec. 1077/ means commission, not a single member of it, or its secretary or any employee, — not necessarily all the members of the commission, though in such an important matter as overturning the decision of a county board of assessment, it were better that all members of the tribunal [501]*501should sit at tbe bearing, but, at least, a quorum must participate so as to answer to tbe call for tbe statutory tribunal.
Tbe idea tbat tbe particular remedy is to be administered by tbe commission, strictly so called, is strengthened by tbe requirement under sec. 1077; tbat tbe final determination shall be “signed by tbe members or a majority of tbe members of such commission.” Whether, in case of an actual determination by tbe commission, or & majority thereof, tbe omission of such signing, as was tbe case here, would be a fatal defect, we do not decide; but we have no hesitancy in saying tbat tbe requirement clearly indicates tbat tbe commission, as a g-uasi-judicial tribunal, is required to act, and tbat by far tbe better way is to follow tbe mandatory words of tbe statute.
By the Court — Tbe judgment is reversed, and tbe cause remanded with directions to render judgment sustaining tbe claim of appellants -upon tbe grounds indicated in this opinion, with costs.