BROWN, J.
Original action by mandamus in this court to compel respondent, as State Auditor, to register county bonds.
On the 3d day of October, 1911, a special election was held in Mercer county, Missouri, submitting to the qualified voters of that county a proposition to authorize the issue of $75-,000 county bonds to raise money to build a courthouse..
At said election, 1474 votes were cast for and 369 votes against the issue of said bonds. More than two-thirds of the qualified votes cast in said election being in favor of said issue, the county court declared the proposition carried, issued the bonds authorized and attempted to have the same registered and certified by respondent as Auditor of the State of Missouri. Respondent having refused to register and certify said bonds, this action was instituted on April 22, 1912, to compel him to do so.
Respondent has filed his return to the alternative writ issued herein defending his action in refusing to register .-and certify said bonds, on the following grounds:
1. That the notice of election to authorize the issue of said bonds as published, was in fact no notice [619]*619at all, because it was only a-copy of the order made by the county court requiring notice to be given.
2. That- the notice of said special election to issue bonds failed to comply with sections 1261 and 1263:, Revised Statutes 1909, in that it failed to designate the polling places in Mercer county where said special election was to be held.
Respondent also attacks the notice of election on other grounds which he does not urge in his brief, and which we do not find worthy of special mention in this opinion.
The relators move the court for a judgment in their favor upon the pleadings.
The notice of the special election to authorize the issue of bonds is in fact only a certified copy of the order made by the county court of Mercer county ordering a special election to be held, and is as follows :
NOTICE OF ELECTION.
Notice is hereby given that at the regular August term of the county court of Mercer county, Missouri, held at Princeton, Missouri, and on the 10th day of August, 1911, the same being the fourth day of said term, a petition of Edd Kauffman and more than one hundred others of the qualified voters of said county, taxpayers therein, praying for an election to authorize the incurring of an indebtedness for the purpose of building a courthouse, was presented, and the following proceedings were had, to-wit:
Order calling special election to authorize the issuance of $75,000 bonds for the purpose of building a courthouse.
Now, on this 10th day of August, the same being the fourth day of the regular August term of the county court of Mercer county, Missouri, comes Edd Kauffman and more than one hundred of the qualified voters of Mercer county, who are taxpayers therein, and present to the court their petition and application, in writing, praying for a special election to authorize the incurring of an indebtedness for the purpose of erecting a courthouse at the city of Princeton, Missouri, in the sum of not exceeding $75,000, and to issue bonds for such indebtedness and to levy sufficient taxes to pay the same, and
Whereas, It has become necessary for Mercer county, Missouri, to incur an indebtedness for the purpose of building [620]*620a courthouse in excess of the total income and revenue of said county, as provided for in any one year as limited by law.
Now, therefore, it is hereby ordered that a special election be held in the county of Mercer and State of Missouri on Tuesday, the third day of October, 1911, for the purpose of authorizing the incurring of said indebtedness; the issuance of said bonds and the levying of such taxes, and that at least twenty days’ notice of said election be given by publication in the Princeton Telegraph, the Princeton Post and the Mercer Signal, three several newspapers published in said county of Mercer and State of Missouri; that such special election will be held on Tuesday, the third day of October, 1911; that the amount of the indebtedness shall be the sum of $75,000, and that bonds shall he issued therefor.
That said bonds shall run for a term of fifteen years, with the option of payment at any time after five years, and shall draw interest at the rate of five per cent per annum.
That the tax levy of Mercer county, Missouri, be increased fifteen cents on the one hundred dollars valuation to pay the interest and provide a sinking fund to retire said bonds.
That the purpose of incurring the said indebtedness shall be the building of a courthouse in Princeton, Mercer county, Missouri, and the purpose of this election shall be to authorize the incurring of such indebtedness, the issuance of such bonds and the levying of such additional taxes.
C. E. Minter, Presiding Judge.
Attest: Frank Lowey, Clerk.
State of Missouri, County of Mercer, ss.
I, Frank Lowry, clerk of the county court within and for said county, hereby certify the above and foregoing to be a true copy from the record as the same appears in my office. Witness my hand and seal of my said office at Princeton, Mo., this 15th day of August, 1911.
(Seal) Frank Lowey, Clerk.
In support of Ms first proposition, respondent cites the cases of Gaston v. Lamkin, 115 Mo. 20, and Railroad v. Apperson, 97 Mo. 300.
The cases cited do not touch the issue we are now called upon to adjudicate; hence are of no value to respondent in this cause.
In issuing orders of publication in circuit and probate courts, the order of court itself becomes the notice, and a copy thereof verified by the signature of the clerk is all that is necessary to publish in order to convey notice to those interested in the pendency of [621]*621a civil action. The order of notice in this case is '"'framed in the usual form of an order of publication in the circuit court, and we are unable to see any reason why a copy of such order duly attested and published should fail to convey notice to the voters of Mercer county that the special election was going to be held.
We think the method adopted by the county court of Mercer county — embracing in the order for election all recitals required to be inserted in the notice — and then publishing an attested copy of the order, is a compliance with the law, and is a safer method for courts to adopt in giving the notice required by section 1261, supra, than to delegate to the clerk the task of preparing the form of notice to be published.
The law, section 1261, supra, simply prescribes that the notice shall be given, but does not direct by whom such notice shall be signed, and as the copy of the order in this case conforms to the requirements of the law, and was verified by the signature of the presiding judge of the county court and the certificate and signature of tin county clerk, the first contention of respondent must be overruled.
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BROWN, J.
Original action by mandamus in this court to compel respondent, as State Auditor, to register county bonds.
On the 3d day of October, 1911, a special election was held in Mercer county, Missouri, submitting to the qualified voters of that county a proposition to authorize the issue of $75-,000 county bonds to raise money to build a courthouse..
At said election, 1474 votes were cast for and 369 votes against the issue of said bonds. More than two-thirds of the qualified votes cast in said election being in favor of said issue, the county court declared the proposition carried, issued the bonds authorized and attempted to have the same registered and certified by respondent as Auditor of the State of Missouri. Respondent having refused to register and certify said bonds, this action was instituted on April 22, 1912, to compel him to do so.
Respondent has filed his return to the alternative writ issued herein defending his action in refusing to register .-and certify said bonds, on the following grounds:
1. That the notice of election to authorize the issue of said bonds as published, was in fact no notice [619]*619at all, because it was only a-copy of the order made by the county court requiring notice to be given.
2. That- the notice of said special election to issue bonds failed to comply with sections 1261 and 1263:, Revised Statutes 1909, in that it failed to designate the polling places in Mercer county where said special election was to be held.
Respondent also attacks the notice of election on other grounds which he does not urge in his brief, and which we do not find worthy of special mention in this opinion.
The relators move the court for a judgment in their favor upon the pleadings.
The notice of the special election to authorize the issue of bonds is in fact only a certified copy of the order made by the county court of Mercer county ordering a special election to be held, and is as follows :
NOTICE OF ELECTION.
Notice is hereby given that at the regular August term of the county court of Mercer county, Missouri, held at Princeton, Missouri, and on the 10th day of August, 1911, the same being the fourth day of said term, a petition of Edd Kauffman and more than one hundred others of the qualified voters of said county, taxpayers therein, praying for an election to authorize the incurring of an indebtedness for the purpose of building a courthouse, was presented, and the following proceedings were had, to-wit:
Order calling special election to authorize the issuance of $75,000 bonds for the purpose of building a courthouse.
Now, on this 10th day of August, the same being the fourth day of the regular August term of the county court of Mercer county, Missouri, comes Edd Kauffman and more than one hundred of the qualified voters of Mercer county, who are taxpayers therein, and present to the court their petition and application, in writing, praying for a special election to authorize the incurring of an indebtedness for the purpose of erecting a courthouse at the city of Princeton, Missouri, in the sum of not exceeding $75,000, and to issue bonds for such indebtedness and to levy sufficient taxes to pay the same, and
Whereas, It has become necessary for Mercer county, Missouri, to incur an indebtedness for the purpose of building [620]*620a courthouse in excess of the total income and revenue of said county, as provided for in any one year as limited by law.
Now, therefore, it is hereby ordered that a special election be held in the county of Mercer and State of Missouri on Tuesday, the third day of October, 1911, for the purpose of authorizing the incurring of said indebtedness; the issuance of said bonds and the levying of such taxes, and that at least twenty days’ notice of said election be given by publication in the Princeton Telegraph, the Princeton Post and the Mercer Signal, three several newspapers published in said county of Mercer and State of Missouri; that such special election will be held on Tuesday, the third day of October, 1911; that the amount of the indebtedness shall be the sum of $75,000, and that bonds shall he issued therefor.
That said bonds shall run for a term of fifteen years, with the option of payment at any time after five years, and shall draw interest at the rate of five per cent per annum.
That the tax levy of Mercer county, Missouri, be increased fifteen cents on the one hundred dollars valuation to pay the interest and provide a sinking fund to retire said bonds.
That the purpose of incurring the said indebtedness shall be the building of a courthouse in Princeton, Mercer county, Missouri, and the purpose of this election shall be to authorize the incurring of such indebtedness, the issuance of such bonds and the levying of such additional taxes.
C. E. Minter, Presiding Judge.
Attest: Frank Lowey, Clerk.
State of Missouri, County of Mercer, ss.
I, Frank Lowry, clerk of the county court within and for said county, hereby certify the above and foregoing to be a true copy from the record as the same appears in my office. Witness my hand and seal of my said office at Princeton, Mo., this 15th day of August, 1911.
(Seal) Frank Lowey, Clerk.
In support of Ms first proposition, respondent cites the cases of Gaston v. Lamkin, 115 Mo. 20, and Railroad v. Apperson, 97 Mo. 300.
The cases cited do not touch the issue we are now called upon to adjudicate; hence are of no value to respondent in this cause.
In issuing orders of publication in circuit and probate courts, the order of court itself becomes the notice, and a copy thereof verified by the signature of the clerk is all that is necessary to publish in order to convey notice to those interested in the pendency of [621]*621a civil action. The order of notice in this case is '"'framed in the usual form of an order of publication in the circuit court, and we are unable to see any reason why a copy of such order duly attested and published should fail to convey notice to the voters of Mercer county that the special election was going to be held.
We think the method adopted by the county court of Mercer county — embracing in the order for election all recitals required to be inserted in the notice — and then publishing an attested copy of the order, is a compliance with the law, and is a safer method for courts to adopt in giving the notice required by section 1261, supra, than to delegate to the clerk the task of preparing the form of notice to be published.
The law, section 1261, supra, simply prescribes that the notice shall be given, but does not direct by whom such notice shall be signed, and as the copy of the order in this case conforms to the requirements of the law, and was verified by the signature of the presiding judge of the county court and the certificate and signature of tin county clerk, the first contention of respondent must be overruled.
Respondent’s contention, that the notice of the special election was void because it failed to designate the polling places where the election would be held, is a more serious proposition. It will be observed that section 1261, supra, does not require the county court or the clerk thereof to give notice of the polling places or places where the election will be held, and that section 1263, Revised Statutes 1909, provides that said special election “shall be held and conducted in the same manner, and the returns thereof made to the ° county clerk, and the vote counted, in all respects the same as in elections for state and county officers, as far as the laws in relation thereto are applicable.”
To sustain his contention that the notice of a special election to authorize the issue of courthouse bonds [622]*622should have named the polling places where the election was to he held, respondent cites Martin v. Bennett, 139 Mo. App. 237. This case holds that the notice of an annual school’ election at which was submitted a proposition to bond a school district to build a schoolhouse, should have designated the place where the election was to be held. This decision is doubtless a correct construction of the law under which said school election was held, sections 9874 and 9779, Revised Statutes 1899, for the reason that those sections prescribe that in the notice of such school elections, not only the time, but the place where the election is to be held, must be specified. However, the statute we are now called upon to construe (sections 1261 and 1263, Revised Statutes 1909) does not require the notice of special elections therein provided for to name the polling places where such elections are to be held; and therefore, the Martin case, supra, is not a precedent which we will be justified in following in this case.
Respondent also cites the case of McPike v. Pen, 51 Mo. 63; but the election in that case was also held pursuant to a law which specifically required the polling places to be designated in the notice of election. [Laws 1870, page 123.]
Respondents also cite and rely upon Thornburg v. School District, 175 Mo. 12, l. c. 26; but the only point-decided in that case is that the record of a school board must affirmatively show that a special election to authorize the issue of school bonds was duly ordered by such board — that a valid notice published by the district clerk will not cure the failure of the board to make a definite and proper order for such election.
Numerous decisions of the appellate courts of other States are relied upon by respondent; but after * diligent examination of each of them, we find they are either like the case of Martin v. Bennett, supra, based upon statutes entirely different from the one now in [623]*623judgment, or were cited because they contain some obiter favorable to tbe contention of respondent.
Tbe ease of State ex rel. v. Salt Lake City, 35 Utah 25, is a very good authority for relators, in that it declares that in the matter of giving notice of a special election to issue bonds, the law only requires a substantial compliance with the statute. The law in that case required the notice of election to designate the place where the election was to be held, but the notice published merely recited that the election was to be held in the city of Salt Lake; and this was adjudged to be sufficient, notwithstanding it failed to designate the several polling places in said city where the voters should cast their ballots.
Neither the statute under consideration (section 1261, supra), nor the general statutes of our State, prescribe or direct that notice shall be given of .the places where elections are to be held; and we think the Legislature wisely.omitted to ordain any such rigid regulation.
There is no law under which either counties or cities may erect or maintain permanent polling places. Neither are'such municipalities provided with funds to purchase property in which to conduct public elections; therefore, the election machinery must be exercised at such places as their officers are able to rent or otherwise acquire the use of. [Sec. 5803, R. S. 19Ü91.]
If it were obligatory on public officers to give notice of the identical places where votes were to be cast in each polling place in counties, it might often occur that the places selected would be either burned or otherwise destroyed between the date of giving the notice and the time of holding the election; and the will of the people would be subject to be defeated at any election that might be held; consequently, the lawmakers did not deem it expedient to require such arbitrary provisions in order to ascertain the will of the people through the ballot box.
[624]*624It is rare indeed that anyone desiring to cast a v-ote in a special election has any difficulty in finding the place where the election is to be held. Either those urging the adoption of the measure submitted or those desiring its defeat, will take such an interest in the result of the election that everyone who may desire to vote thereat will have no difficulty in finding the place where he should cast his ballot.
As we understand the theory of respondent, he contends that in special elections held for any purpose, all provisions of the election law governing such special elections are mandatory and must be observed with the utmost strictness; otherwise, such special' elections will be void. Such is not the spirit of the more modern adjudications on that subject. The law contemplates that everything necessary shall be done to afford the voters a free and fair opportunity to vote yes or no on the proposition submitted, and unless some mandatory statute has been violated, or something has been done or omitted which has deprived the voters of a free and fair expression of their will, such election should be upheld. [O’Laughlin v. Kirkwood, 107 Mo. App. 302; State v. Swearingen, 128 Mo. App. 605.]
All.persons are required to take notice of public statutes, and, therefore, the voters of Mercer county were compelled to know that the election to vote courthouse bonds would be conducted in the same manner and at the same polling places as general elections had theretofore been conducted in said county. [Sec. 1263, R. S. 1900.]
The record is barren of even an intimation that any voter in said county failed to understand where he should vote or was deprived of his right to vote in the special election by reason of any alleged defect or ambiguity in the notice of election as published.
We find that the notice was legally sufficient and published in conformity with the law.
[625]*625A peremptory writ of mandamus should issue commanding the respondent to register the bonds as prayed in relator’s petition. It is so ordered.
All concur, except Vallicmt, G. J., absent.