Gill, J.
Appellants’ counsel has furnished the following, which he denominates “abstract of the record,” and to which alone he must look for an understanding of this controversy: “On the third day of June, 1889, respondent filed his petition in the Jasper circuit court, asking for mandamus, setting up the following grounds: First. That a judgment had been rendered against the city of Carthage, in the circuit court of Jasper county. Second. That an execution had been issued and returned unsatisfied: Third. That the appellants were the mayor and city council of said city, and that the petitioner was the assignee for value of said judgment. Such petition duly alleged the incorporation of the city, and stated that the respondent was without any adequate remedy at law, and in all other respects was sufficient as to form. The appellants being duly served appeared in court, and, on the thirteenth day of June, filed their return, admitting the allegations in respondent’s petition to be true, but set up as reasons why the peremptory writ should not issue: First. That the city of Carthage is a city with less than ten thousand and more than one thousand inhabitants, and is prohibited by the constitution of the state of Missouri (section 11, article 10) from levying a tax exceeding fifty cents on the hundred dollars’ [506] assessed valuation of the property in the city for all purposes, whether general or special, for any one year, and that, on the third day of June, 1889, prior to the time appellants had been served with a process in this cause, they had, by ordinance, duly passed and approved, levied upon the taxable property of the city of Carthage, for general purposes, a tax of fifty cents on the one hundred dollars’ assessed valuation, and the further tax of fifty cents on the one hundred dollars’ on the said valuation for special purposes ; that, in said sum so levied, as the regular annual levy of said city, for the year 1889, would be no sum with which to pay the said judgment, and that all money which the tax would raise would be needed for the purposes levied. Second. That the city had no power to levy a tax in excess of fifty cents on the one hundred dollars’ assessed valuation of the property located in the city, and that the property within the city was one million, six hundred thousand dollars, and that all revenue that a tax of fifty cents would raise would be needed, and all sums derived from any other sources of revenue which the city had to carry on the ordinary expenses of the city government; and that if the peremptory writ issue it would disorganize the city government to to pay the said judgment out of the tax which the said city is allowed to levy. Third. That there was no special obligation on the part of appellants to provide for the payment of said judgment. On the same day respondent filed motion for peremptory writ (admitting the allegations in the return to be true). On the twenty-seventh day of June, the cause coming on for hearing, the court sustained the motion for peremptory writ, to which action of the court the appellants then and there excepted.” After an unsuccessful motion for a new trial, defendants bring the cause here by appeal.
I. From this very meager presentation of the case, we assume that plaintiff Dougherty, the holder of a [507] judgment against the city of Carthage, and after an unsuccessful effort to get satisfaction by execution, applied to the court below for a writ of mandamus to compel defendants, the officers of said city, to levy and collect a tax sufficient to pay said judgment. In defense, and by way of return to the alternative writ, defendants, while admitting the matters charged by plaintiff, yet sought to defeat the action by a showing, in said return made, that they had already, for the year 1889, made a levy fully up to the constitutional limit, made applicable to cities of less than ten thousand, and more than one thousand, inhabitants (such as is the class to which Carthage belongs), as provided in section 11, article 10, constitution of Missouri, and that, .therefore, they ought not to be compelled to make an additional levy to pay plaintiff’s judgment. It seems that in the opinion of the circuit court the return was held insufficient to justify a refusal to make the levy, and in such holding we concur.
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Gill, J.
Appellants’ counsel has furnished the following, which he denominates “abstract of the record,” and to which alone he must look for an understanding of this controversy: “On the third day of June, 1889, respondent filed his petition in the Jasper circuit court, asking for mandamus, setting up the following grounds: First. That a judgment had been rendered against the city of Carthage, in the circuit court of Jasper county. Second. That an execution had been issued and returned unsatisfied: Third. That the appellants were the mayor and city council of said city, and that the petitioner was the assignee for value of said judgment. Such petition duly alleged the incorporation of the city, and stated that the respondent was without any adequate remedy at law, and in all other respects was sufficient as to form. The appellants being duly served appeared in court, and, on the thirteenth day of June, filed their return, admitting the allegations in respondent’s petition to be true, but set up as reasons why the peremptory writ should not issue: First. That the city of Carthage is a city with less than ten thousand and more than one thousand inhabitants, and is prohibited by the constitution of the state of Missouri (section 11, article 10) from levying a tax exceeding fifty cents on the hundred dollars’ [506] assessed valuation of the property in the city for all purposes, whether general or special, for any one year, and that, on the third day of June, 1889, prior to the time appellants had been served with a process in this cause, they had, by ordinance, duly passed and approved, levied upon the taxable property of the city of Carthage, for general purposes, a tax of fifty cents on the one hundred dollars’ assessed valuation, and the further tax of fifty cents on the one hundred dollars’ on the said valuation for special purposes ; that, in said sum so levied, as the regular annual levy of said city, for the year 1889, would be no sum with which to pay the said judgment, and that all money which the tax would raise would be needed for the purposes levied. Second. That the city had no power to levy a tax in excess of fifty cents on the one hundred dollars’ assessed valuation of the property located in the city, and that the property within the city was one million, six hundred thousand dollars, and that all revenue that a tax of fifty cents would raise would be needed, and all sums derived from any other sources of revenue which the city had to carry on the ordinary expenses of the city government; and that if the peremptory writ issue it would disorganize the city government to to pay the said judgment out of the tax which the said city is allowed to levy. Third. That there was no special obligation on the part of appellants to provide for the payment of said judgment. On the same day respondent filed motion for peremptory writ (admitting the allegations in the return to be true). On the twenty-seventh day of June, the cause coming on for hearing, the court sustained the motion for peremptory writ, to which action of the court the appellants then and there excepted.” After an unsuccessful motion for a new trial, defendants bring the cause here by appeal.
I. From this very meager presentation of the case, we assume that plaintiff Dougherty, the holder of a [507] judgment against the city of Carthage, and after an unsuccessful effort to get satisfaction by execution, applied to the court below for a writ of mandamus to compel defendants, the officers of said city, to levy and collect a tax sufficient to pay said judgment. In defense, and by way of return to the alternative writ, defendants, while admitting the matters charged by plaintiff, yet sought to defeat the action by a showing, in said return made, that they had already, for the year 1889, made a levy fully up to the constitutional limit, made applicable to cities of less than ten thousand, and more than one thousand, inhabitants (such as is the class to which Carthage belongs), as provided in section 11, article 10, constitution of Missouri, and that, .therefore, they ought not to be compelled to make an additional levy to pay plaintiff’s judgment. It seems that in the opinion of the circuit court the return was held insufficient to justify a refusal to make the levy, and in such holding we concur.
In mandamus proceedings, under our practice, we regard the pleadings “much after the fashion” of pleadings in ordinary cases — the alternative writ being regarded as the petition, and the return thereto corresponding to the answer. The return is an answer to the alternative writ. State ex rel. v. Everett, 52 Mo. 89; Wood on Mandamus, 43. If any distinction exists, it would seem that even greater strictness is required in the fulness, or completeness, of the return than in the answer. High, in his work on extraordinary legal remedies, at section 460, says: ‘ ‘ The proper function of the return is to show, not merely what would be a prima facie right in the respondent, in the absence of any allegation to the contrary, but to show a right to refuse obedience to the writ in view of the allegations which it contains and if it fails to do this it is demurrable.” Now, the return here is in the nature of a confession and avoidance — confessing the judgment [508] liability, bat seeking an avoidance of the writ of mandamus, because within the purview of that constitutional limitation on the power to levy taxes as contained in said section 11, article 10. The return, then, should set out all the facts necessary to bring the defense within such section. By that section of the constitution the annual rate of taxation for city and town purposes “in cities and towns having less than ten thousand and more than one thousand inhabitants” is fixed at not to exceed fifty cents on the one hundred dollars’ valuation, etc. But by an express provision of the same clause such limitation is made to apply to taxes for payment of indebtedness thereafter accruing, and shall not apply to taxes to pay valid indebtedness existing at the adoption of the constitution,, or bonds which may be issued in renewal of such indebtedness. This return in question fails to show for what account the judgment, owned by the plaintiff, was rendered- — whether the indebtedness existed at the adoption of the constitution (November 30, 1875), or whether since created. There is nothing on the face of this record, or within the allegations of said return, that shows to which class of indebtedness plaintiff ’ s claim belongs. If the said judgment was for or on account of indebtedness existing at the adoption of the constitution, or for bonds given in renewal thereof, then said restriction as to taxation did not apply. Even admitting the general rule to be that a limitation or restriction is imposed on the taxing power, and that the case of prior or existing indebtedness is an exception to that general rule, yet since the exception is contained in the same section, along with the general rule, it rests upon those seeking protection under the terms of the section to negative the exception, and show, as in this case, that the matter demanded is .not within the exception. State ex rel. v. Clark, 42 Mo. 523; Russel v. Railroad, 83 Mo. 511; Sedgwick on Construction of Stat. & Const. Law, 50. The return, then, failing to set [509] up such, facts as required under section 11, article 10, supra, so as to excuse defendants from making the levy of taxes demanded, it was rightfully judged insufficient. The judgment, therefore, of the circuit court is affirmed.
All concur.