State ex rel. Clark v. Gallagher

801 S.W.2d 341, 1990 Mo. LEXIS 119, 1990 WL 209252
CourtSupreme Court of Missouri
DecidedDecember 18, 1990
DocketNo. 72606
StatusPublished
Cited by4 cases

This text of 801 S.W.2d 341 (State ex rel. Clark v. Gallagher) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of Missouri primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State ex rel. Clark v. Gallagher, 801 S.W.2d 341, 1990 Mo. LEXIS 119, 1990 WL 209252 (Mo. 1990).

Opinion

COVINGTON, Justice.

Relators seek to prohibit respondent from dismissing four actions brought under the Federal Employers’ Liability Act (FELA), 45 U.S.C. §§ 51-60, against Illinois Central Railroad Company in the Circuit Court of the City of St. Louis. Relators separately brought suits in 1988 and 1989 against Illinois Central. All alleged hear[342]*342ing loss, and three alleged tinnitus, as a result of having been subjected to loud and excessive noise. Relators’ petitions further alleged that the injuries resulted in whole or in part from Illinois Central’s negligence. On the motion of Illinois Central, the court dismissed the actions without prejudice for improper venue.1 Relator Miller appealed. The court of appeals sustained Illinois Central’s motion to dismiss the appeal because an order of dismissal for improper venue is not a final, appeal-able order. See Miller v. Illinois Central R.R. Co., 782 S.W.2d 138 (Mo.App.1989). Relators then sought to prohibit respondent from dismissing the actions. Their petition for writ of prohibition was denied by the Missouri Court of Appeals, Eastern District. This Court issued a preliminary rule in prohibition. A court may exercise its discretion to issue and determine an original remedial writ when questions of significance fail otherwise to obtain judicial review. See State ex rel. Noranda Aluminum, Inc. v. Rains, 706 S.W.2d 861 (Mo. banc 1986). The preliminary rule as it relates to relator Clark is quashed. The preliminary rule as to relators McCoy, Smith, and Miller is made absolute.

The legislature exercises the power of determining the venue of transitory actions. While the principle of convenience embodied in the venue statute is guided by consideration of convenience to all litigants, the plaintiff has generally been permitted some latitude in choice of forum, both at common law and under various statutes. See generally Coleman v. Lucksinger, 224 Mo. 1, 123 S.W. 441, 442-44 (1909). The Missouri corporate venue statute, § 508.040, RSMo 1986, provides:

Suits against corporations shall be commenced either in the county where the cause of action accrued, or in case the corporation defendant is a railroad company owning, controlling or operating a railroad running into or through two or more counties in this state, then in either of such counties, or in any county where such corporations shall have or usually keep an office or agent for the transaction of their usual and customary business.

Although Illinois Central owned tracks and operated trains in Missouri prior to 1987, and still owns 14.28 percent of the stock in the St. Louis Terminal Railroad Association operating in the City of St. Louis, Illinois Central did not own, control or operate any railroad tracks, lines or facilities that constituted a railroad within the City of St. Louis or the State of Missouri on the dates of the filings of relators’ petitions. Nor did Illinois Central at relevant times maintain an office or agent for the transaction of its usual and customary business in the City of St. Louis or the State of Missouri. Consequently, relators may establish venue in Missouri, if at all, only in the situs where the cause of action accrued.

The issue is whether a cause of action can accrue in a county where only part of an injury is caused. Had the injury resulted from a trauma, such as an accident, the question would not arise. Relators allege, however, that they sustained occupational injuries after years of exposure to loud and excessive noise on the railroad in numerous locations. They assert that, in the context of an occupational injury or disease, the statute must be construed to permit venue to lie in each county where the plaintiff has been exposed, even if the action has accrued there only in part. To hold otherwise, relators contend, potentially deprives a class of plaintiffs of any available forum.

Respondent does not directly meet rela-tors’ contentions. Respondent instead urges adoption of a standard placing venue at the place where damages are sustained and capable of being ascertained. Respondent points to Urie v. Thompson, 337 U.S. 163, 69 S.Ct. 1018, 93 L.Ed. 1282 (1949), where the United States Supreme Court addressed the accrual of a cause of action for an occupational disease under FELA for purposes of applying the FELA statute [343]*343of limitations. The plaintiff contracted silicosis through repeated inhalation of silicate dust while employed with the railroad. The Court found that the cause of action resulting from the plaintiff’s injury was “the product of a period of time rather than a point of time.” Urie, 337 U.S. at 170, 69 S.Ct. at 1025. The Court found the traditional purposes of statutes of limitations unreconcilable with the consequences inherent in rigid application of the limitation to one who suffers an occupational injury. Id. at 170, 69 S.Ct. at 1024-25. As a consequence, the Court refused to charge Urie with the “unknown and inherently unknowable even in retrospect” and held that his claim did not accrue until the injury manifested itself. Id. at 169-70, 69 S.Ct. at 1024-25.

Respondent also relies on Elmore v. Owens-Illinois, Inc., 673 S.W.2d 434 (Mo. banc 1984). In Elmore, the plaintiff was exposed to asbestos dust over a lengthy period of time and contracted asbestosis. Elmore was a Kansas resident who had received the majority of his exposure to asbestos in Missouri. He suffered from shortness of breath as early as 1973 and was diagnosed as having asbestosis in 1976. The suit was filed in 1979. Owens-Illinois argued that Elmore’s cause of action originated in Kansas and that it was barred by the Kansas two-year statute of limitations which should have been applied in accordance with the Missouri “borrowing” statute, § 516.190, RSMo 1986. Alternatively, Owens-Illinois argued that El-more’s claim accrued when Elmore learned of his shortness of breath in 1973 and was thus barred by Missouri’s five-year statute of limitations. This Court rejected both contentions and equated the term “originated” in § 516.190, with “accrued,” stating that a “cause of action accrues when and originates where damages are sustained and capable of ascertainment.” Elmore, 673 S.W.2d at 436. As to the time of accrual, this Court held that Elmore’s cause of action accrued when the character of the condition (asbestosis) and its cause (breathing asbestos dust) first “came together” for the plaintiff. Id.

Insofar as Urie recognizes the special nature of occupational disease or injury and refuses a rigid application of the statute of limitations which would otherwise defeat the “humane” purpose of the FELA, Urie, 337 U.S. at 170, 69 S.Ct. at 1024-25, the ease does not support respondent’s position. Elmore is distinguishable because it did not involve a question of venue. El-more involved a question of limitation of actions, the underlying policy of which is to prevent the bringing of stale claims. The requirements of venue, on the other hand, are grounded in convenience to litigants. State ex rel. Antoine v. Sanders,

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Bluebook (online)
801 S.W.2d 341, 1990 Mo. LEXIS 119, 1990 WL 209252, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-ex-rel-clark-v-gallagher-mo-1990.