Reese, J.
This is an application to this court, in the exercise of its original jurisdiction, for a writ of mandamus directed to the county board of supervisors of Saline county requiring it-to proceed to the examination of certain charges preferred against Charles W. Meeker, the clerk of the district court, by the relator herein.
From the record before us it appears that on the fourth day of August, 1885, the relator filed in the office of the county clerk of Saline county a complaint against Meeker charging him with official misdemeanors as such officer, and that the county clerk issued a summons to him, as is provided by article two of chapter eighteen of the Compiled Statutes of 1885. The charges and specifications are quite lengthy, and will not be noticed in detail. On the 25th day of August the matter came up for hearing before the supervisors, when the respondent filed a plea to the jurisdiction of the board. In this it was contended that the statute not having conferred such powers upon the board of supervisors, they were without authority to act. The session continued from day to day, until the 29th. During this time a number of other pleas, motions, etc., were filed by the respondent, which were, briefly stated, as follows:
Denying the right of the board to proceed without all the members being present.
That the costs be taxed to complainant.
An objection to the board delegating any of its powers to the chairman, such as determining the order of argument upon interlocutory questions, etc.
A general demurrer to the complaint.
An objection to the jurisdiction of the board, for the reason that a member was acting without authority, he not being a legal member of the board.
Denying the jurisdiction of the board, for the reason that two townships of the county were without representation thereon.
[425]*425A demand for a jury trial.
A demand or motion for permission to examine the members of the board as to their qualifications to sit in the case.
A motion for a change of venue.
These questions were disposed of in their order, and the case retained for hearing, until the board, apparently tired of the protracted proceedings, and perhaps uncertain as to their powers and duties, passed the following preamble and resolution :
“ Whereas, Three days have already been used by this board in the consideration of the case of The State, ex rel. Castor, v. Meeker ; and
“ Whereas, All of said time has been given to the consideration of motions made by defendant’s counsel; and
“Whereas, Counsel for defendant have notified this board that they intend to file separate objections to each and every one of the thirty specifications in the complaint, and subpoena 1920 witnesses; and
“ Whereas, Owing to the dilatory motions made by defendant, and proposed to be made, and the length of time consumed by defendant in discussing said motions, it will be almost impossible to ever reach a final conclusion of said cause before this board; and
“Whereas, Counsel for defendant not only refuse to obey the orders of this board, but often use insulting, language toward the members thereof, and declare that said board has no power to punish for contempt, or to compel them to obey the orders of this board, nor authority to issue subpoenas, or compel the enforcement of its orders; and
“Whereas, This board has no power to enforce its orders, and cannot compel the defendant to desist from filing motions, and to proceed with the trial of this cause; aud
“ Whereas, It is held and ruled, on motion of defendant, [426]*426that all the twenty members of this board must be present in order to legally try this cause; and
“ Whereas, It will scarcely be possible for all the members of this board to be present during the great length of time which will be required to complete the hearing of said cause; and
“Whereas, Counsel for defendant strenuously urge that the board may and should,-under the law, direct the county attorney of this county to take this cause to the district court for trial; therefore, be it
“ Resolved, By this board, that the county attorney of this county be and is hereby instructed to carry this case to the district court of this county for trial, and that this board refuses to proceed any further with the hearing of this cause, and the costs thus far made be and are hereby taxed to the complainant.”
Another “ motion ” was filed by the respondent, but no further action was taken by the board. It is now sought to compel action. If this court has jurisdiction to issue the writ at all it can only be to require respondent to act, and exercise its judgment. It cannot control legal discretion. Sec. 645, Civil Code.
The first question presented by the respondents is as to the sufficiency of the charges and specifications. As the present jurisdiction of this court in this case is original and not «appellate, we can have no occasion to pass upon this question. It appears from the record that the county board has held them to be sufficient. That must be final, so far as the action of the board is concerned, until reversed either by itself or by an appellate tribunal. It may be, and is perhaps, true that we may look into the record sufficiently to ascertain whether or not the paper styled “ charges and specifications ” contains enough to raise it to the dignity of what it purports to be, and for that purpose we have examined it and found it sufficient.
The next, and perhaps most important, question pre[427]*427seated by this record is as to the jurisdiction and powers of a board of county supervisors to entertain charges of this kind; and remove county officers• from office. The power of county commissioners to do so under the provisions of Art. 2 of chapter 18 of the Compiled Statutes of 1885 is conceded. But it is claimed by respondents thát a board of supervisors has no such powTer. Section 2 of the act referred to provides that, “ any person may make such charge, and the board of commissioners shall have exclusive original jurisdiction thereof by a summons.” This act was passed by the territorial legislature, being found' in chapter 45 of the Revised Statutes of 1866, and has remained upon our statute books ever since. At the time of its passage the laws of the territory provided for a system of county government only by a board of county commissioners. (See chapter 9, Revised Statutes, 1866.) This-law remained in force until the act of February 27, 1873, took effect. (General Statutes, p. 241.) The new law continued in force the provisions of the old, so far as the-board was concerned, and provided, Sec. 2, page 232, that “ The powers of a county as a body politic and corporate shall be exercised by a board of county commissioners.”' On the first day of November, 1875, the present constitution became the supreme law of this state. Section five of the article (10) on counties requires the legislature to provide by general law for township organization, under which any county might organize when a majority of the legal voters should so decide. Under this provision of the constitution the present law was passed.
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Reese, J.
This is an application to this court, in the exercise of its original jurisdiction, for a writ of mandamus directed to the county board of supervisors of Saline county requiring it-to proceed to the examination of certain charges preferred against Charles W. Meeker, the clerk of the district court, by the relator herein.
From the record before us it appears that on the fourth day of August, 1885, the relator filed in the office of the county clerk of Saline county a complaint against Meeker charging him with official misdemeanors as such officer, and that the county clerk issued a summons to him, as is provided by article two of chapter eighteen of the Compiled Statutes of 1885. The charges and specifications are quite lengthy, and will not be noticed in detail. On the 25th day of August the matter came up for hearing before the supervisors, when the respondent filed a plea to the jurisdiction of the board. In this it was contended that the statute not having conferred such powers upon the board of supervisors, they were without authority to act. The session continued from day to day, until the 29th. During this time a number of other pleas, motions, etc., were filed by the respondent, which were, briefly stated, as follows:
Denying the right of the board to proceed without all the members being present.
That the costs be taxed to complainant.
An objection to the board delegating any of its powers to the chairman, such as determining the order of argument upon interlocutory questions, etc.
A general demurrer to the complaint.
An objection to the jurisdiction of the board, for the reason that a member was acting without authority, he not being a legal member of the board.
Denying the jurisdiction of the board, for the reason that two townships of the county were without representation thereon.
[425]*425A demand for a jury trial.
A demand or motion for permission to examine the members of the board as to their qualifications to sit in the case.
A motion for a change of venue.
These questions were disposed of in their order, and the case retained for hearing, until the board, apparently tired of the protracted proceedings, and perhaps uncertain as to their powers and duties, passed the following preamble and resolution :
“ Whereas, Three days have already been used by this board in the consideration of the case of The State, ex rel. Castor, v. Meeker ; and
“ Whereas, All of said time has been given to the consideration of motions made by defendant’s counsel; and
“Whereas, Counsel for defendant have notified this board that they intend to file separate objections to each and every one of the thirty specifications in the complaint, and subpoena 1920 witnesses; and
“ Whereas, Owing to the dilatory motions made by defendant, and proposed to be made, and the length of time consumed by defendant in discussing said motions, it will be almost impossible to ever reach a final conclusion of said cause before this board; and
“Whereas, Counsel for defendant not only refuse to obey the orders of this board, but often use insulting, language toward the members thereof, and declare that said board has no power to punish for contempt, or to compel them to obey the orders of this board, nor authority to issue subpoenas, or compel the enforcement of its orders; and
“Whereas, This board has no power to enforce its orders, and cannot compel the defendant to desist from filing motions, and to proceed with the trial of this cause; aud
“ Whereas, It is held and ruled, on motion of defendant, [426]*426that all the twenty members of this board must be present in order to legally try this cause; and
“ Whereas, It will scarcely be possible for all the members of this board to be present during the great length of time which will be required to complete the hearing of said cause; and
“Whereas, Counsel for defendant strenuously urge that the board may and should,-under the law, direct the county attorney of this county to take this cause to the district court for trial; therefore, be it
“ Resolved, By this board, that the county attorney of this county be and is hereby instructed to carry this case to the district court of this county for trial, and that this board refuses to proceed any further with the hearing of this cause, and the costs thus far made be and are hereby taxed to the complainant.”
Another “ motion ” was filed by the respondent, but no further action was taken by the board. It is now sought to compel action. If this court has jurisdiction to issue the writ at all it can only be to require respondent to act, and exercise its judgment. It cannot control legal discretion. Sec. 645, Civil Code.
The first question presented by the respondents is as to the sufficiency of the charges and specifications. As the present jurisdiction of this court in this case is original and not «appellate, we can have no occasion to pass upon this question. It appears from the record that the county board has held them to be sufficient. That must be final, so far as the action of the board is concerned, until reversed either by itself or by an appellate tribunal. It may be, and is perhaps, true that we may look into the record sufficiently to ascertain whether or not the paper styled “ charges and specifications ” contains enough to raise it to the dignity of what it purports to be, and for that purpose we have examined it and found it sufficient.
The next, and perhaps most important, question pre[427]*427seated by this record is as to the jurisdiction and powers of a board of county supervisors to entertain charges of this kind; and remove county officers• from office. The power of county commissioners to do so under the provisions of Art. 2 of chapter 18 of the Compiled Statutes of 1885 is conceded. But it is claimed by respondents thát a board of supervisors has no such powTer. Section 2 of the act referred to provides that, “ any person may make such charge, and the board of commissioners shall have exclusive original jurisdiction thereof by a summons.” This act was passed by the territorial legislature, being found' in chapter 45 of the Revised Statutes of 1866, and has remained upon our statute books ever since. At the time of its passage the laws of the territory provided for a system of county government only by a board of county commissioners. (See chapter 9, Revised Statutes, 1866.) This-law remained in force until the act of February 27, 1873, took effect. (General Statutes, p. 241.) The new law continued in force the provisions of the old, so far as the-board was concerned, and provided, Sec. 2, page 232, that “ The powers of a county as a body politic and corporate shall be exercised by a board of county commissioners.”' On the first day of November, 1875, the present constitution became the supreme law of this state. Section five of the article (10) on counties requires the legislature to provide by general law for township organization, under which any county might organize when a majority of the legal voters should so decide. Under this provision of the constitution the present law was passed. Section 21 of chapter 18 of the Compiled Statutes of 1885 is as follows:- “ The powers of the county as a body corporate or politic shall be exercised by a county board, to-wit: In counties, under township organization by a board of supervisors, which shall be composed of the town and such other supervisors as are or may be elected pursuant to law; in-counties not under township organization, by the board of [428]*428•county commissioners.” From the legislation upon this subject it would seem that in so far as the authority of the counties as a body politic was concerned, it was the purpose of the legislature to make the board of county supervisors the successors in office of the commissioners upon the adoption of township organization, and vibe versa upon its discontinuance, so far as their powers were concerned, which were not changed by law. It is provided that when town.-ship organization shall cease the offices of the county commissioners made vacant shall be restored as at the time of its adoption • that the commissioners shall be the legal successors of the supervisors, etc. Secs. 67, 68, and 69, Chap. 18, Compiled Statutes 1885.
In the State, ex rel, v. Oleson, 15 Neb., 247, it was held that, “The trial and ousting from office of a sheriff for corruption, under paragraph 5 of Sec. 1, Art. 2, Chapter 18, ’Compiled Statutes, by the board of county commissioners, is not the exercise of judicial power nor of the power of impeachment, but of a quasi political and administrative ’.power not denied to such bodies by the constitution.” This being true, and the board of supervisors being a substitution for the board of commissioners in the general exercise •of this political power, it would seem to be clear that such board would succeed to the powers of the commissioners -of that nature, except where otherwise provided by statute, or to be clearly inferred. As we have seen, at the time of the passage of the law for the removal of county officers the board of commissioners was the only administrative and political agency of the counties of the territory and state, and with that view the law was passed, not so much to confer the jurisdiction upon the commissioners, but upon the body exercising and enforcing this administrative and political power.
We therefore conclude that the county board of supervisors has all the jurisdiction and power under the law for the removal of county officers in counties under township [429]*429organization that the board of commissioners has in counties not under such organization, and that it is the duty of respondents to proceed with the trial of the charges preferred against the clerk. This of course is to be understood as not in any way interfering with their discretion or judgment in passing upon any legal questions arising in the case, either upon the sufficiency of the allegations of the complaint, the competency of testimony, or their final conclusion. Nor can it affect the rights of the parties as to the presentation of legal questions by motion or otherwise-daring the hearing, if one is had.
In view of the very remarkable preamble and resolutions adopted by the board, it is deemed proper to notice-some of the recitals and declarations therein in order to-furnish a guide for their future action upon the questions therein referred to.
It is said “counsel for defendant have notified this board that they intend to file separate objections to each and every one of the thirty specifications in the complaint, and subpoena 1920 witnesses.”
The defendant, by his counsel, has the right to attack “each and every” of the charges and specifications contained in the complaint. But in this they must be governed by the usual rules of practice obtained in courts of justice, and all these objections would have to be in one paper filed at once and disposed of at once. If any of the charges or specifications should be found insufficient in law they can be so held, and the objection as to them sustained. As to the array of witnesses, it is clearly within the power of the board to tax the costs made by calling unnecessary witnesses to the party calling them; and this power should be freely exercised if necessary.
Another recital is to the effect that as defendant had filed and proposed filing dilatory motions, and the length of time occupied in discussing them, it would be impossible for the board to reach a final conclusion, etc. There [430]*430■can be no doubt but that a respondent in such case has the right to present such legal questions for decision as he may think necessary to his proper defense. But it is equally ■clear that the board have the right to deéide all such questions either with or without argument, as they may prefer, •,and where a question is presented 'upon which they feel ready to decide without argument they should do so. No time should be lost listening to unnecessary arguments.
It is recited further, that the defendant refuses to obey the orders of the board, uses insulting language toward the members, and that the board has no authority to enforce its orders, etc. Upon this part of the case the relator has •cited no statute conferring this power upon the board. But if such power does not exist it does not deprive the board of the power to hear the case and decide upon the merits of the testimony adduced, and it can hardly be believed that a respondent in such a proceeding would be willing to mistreat or shory disrespect for the tribunal whose duty it was to pass upon questions so directly affecting his interests. The suggestion that a respectable ■attorney would do so is not to be for a moment entertained.
The ruling of the board that “all the twenty members ■ ■of the board must be present in order to legally try the cause” is most clearly wrong. “Two-thirds of all the supervisors elected in the county shall constitute a quorum,” etc. See. 68, Ch. 18, Compiled Statutes 1885. But of a special meeting all must be notified.
The board had no authority to direct the county attorney to take the case to the district court or to any other ■court. It is their duty to hear it and decide it so long as the relator insists upon the same being done.
It is the duty of the board to act in the case. It having refused to do so the writ must be awarded as prayed.
Judgment accordingly.
The other judges concur.