Winslow, O. J.
This is an action of mandamus, and the defendants appeal from the judgment awarding a peremptory writ requiring them as- city officers of the city of Milwaukee to include in the tax levy for the year 1913 a tax of one tenth of a mill for the purpose of extinguishing a deficit' in the city treasury, resulting from uncollected taxes in previous years, and another tax of one quarter of a mill for a so-called readjustment fund. These taxes are required to be levied by the provisions of ch. 606 of the Laws of 1913 (secs. 926 — 176 to 926 — 178, Stats. 1913), and the only question in.the cáse is whether this last named law requires them to be included in the tax levy of 1913 or that they shall be first levied in the tax levy of 1914.
It is true that the act referred to is mandatory in its terms and contains a provision that it shall take effect upon its passage and publication, but notwithstanding these considerations we have reached the conclusion, for reasons which we will briefly state, that it was not' intended to affect in any way the tax levy of 1913.
Since the year 1907 the legislative intent to place the financial system of cities of the first class purely upon the budget basis is very apparent. By ch. 494 of the session laws of that year six sections were added to the general charter law, and numbered sections 925q — 160 to 925q — 165. By the first of .these new sections it was made the duty of the head of each department of the city government, on or before November 1st in each year, to file with the comptroller a report and estimate in writing in detail of the needs of his department for the ensuing, fiscal year (i. e. the year commencing January 1st following). By sec. 925q — 161 a board of es-[142]*142tímate was created and required to convene November 1st each year, and to consider the estimates of the departments filed with the comptroller. This board was then required to make and submit to the council in writing on or before Ian-uary 1st “a proposed budget of taxes to be levied ’’ expenditures to be made, and bonds to be issued during the coming fiscal year. .By sec. 925# — 162 the common council was required, on or before February 1st, to-estimate and determine by resolution the sums of money required to meet the expenses and disbursements of the city during the current year, specifying the amount of each fund, and to include in such resolution a sufficient sum to be levied for taxes in such year as it shall determine to be necessary for municipal purposes, including a sum for a tax adjustment fund to be used in canceling on the treasurer’s books outlawed, unpaid personal property taxes. The section also contains further provisions as to certain other special funds which may be levied, and provides for the determination at that time of the amount of bonds which shall be issued during the year, and prohibits the creation of debts or liabilities by the departments in excess of the amounts determined by the council and placed in the budget. In the official publication of the Laws of 1907 this section is headed in blackletter type, “General appropriation bill — a finality for the year.” Sec. 925q — 163 gives the council power to levy annually sufficient sums for the various specified city funds, not exceeding certain named percentages, and not exceeding in the aggregate fourteen mills on the dollar on the total valuation of the city property. Sec. 925q— 164 required city officers to account for and pay into the city treasury monthly all fees or commissions received by them in their official capacity. Sec. 925q — 165 provided that other cities might adopt the first two sections of the act in the same manner in which the general law is adopted.
■ By chs. 92 and 100 of the Laws of 1911, secs. 925g — 162 and 925q — 163 were amended. The amendment to the first [143]*143named section was trivial and the amendment to the last named section, while quite extensive, affected details which are unimportant so far as this case is concerned, and for these reasons it becomes unnecessary to notice them further.
It seems very certain from mere inspection of this legislation that the intent was to inaugurate a system by which, after due consideration, not only the various city, funds and expenditures were to he fixed, but the amount of the tax levy for the coming year was to he finally determined as early as the 1st day of February, i. e. about nine months in advance of the actual levy of the tax in the following October. The wisdom of a scheme by which the amount of taxation is to he determined so long before the tax is to he levied is not a matter with which we have anything to do.
This law was in full force during December, 1912, and January, 1913, and governed the making of the estimates and budget upon which the tax levy of October, 1913, was to be based. No sum was inserted in that budget for a “tax adjustment fund,” nor was any tax for that purpose included in the resolution fixing the tax levy'. As this fund was, under the law then existing, a fund the levying of which was discretionary with the council, it follows that it was lawful to omit the same from that budget, and also that, such omission having been lawfully made, no levy could be made for that fund in October following, unless the same were required by the legislation of 1913.
Does ch. 606 of the Laws of 1913, which went into effect June 30th of that year, apply to the general tax levy of 1913 ?
To answer this question understandingly it is necessary to consider, in connection with the act in question, ch. -312 of the laws of the same year, which quite materially changes the provisions of the budget law. It was introduced in the assembly March 4, 1913, and passed by that body April 18th following, after a favorable report' by the committee on municipalities. It reached the senate April 22d and was re[144]*144ferred to tbe committee on corporations and passed tbe senate May 12th.
Chapter 606 was introduced in tbe assembly April 25th, was referred 'to tbe same committee as tbe prior bill, passed by tbe assembly May 29tb, sent to tbe senate and referred to tbe same committee in that body as the first bill, and concurred in by tbe senate on June lOtb. Thus it is seen that cb. 606 was introduced in tbe assembly while ch. 312 was still pending in tbe senate, that both bills went through tbe bands of the same committees, and that apparently they were not considered as in any way inharmonious. Cb. 312 materially changes many features of the budget law, while cb. 606 provides for the levying of certain taxes in cities of tbe first class. Both, therefore, seriously affect the financial system of the city of Milwaukee and must, on familiar principles, be considered as in pari materia.
It will be helpful to consider tbe purpose and effect of cb. 312 in our study of the meaning of cb. 606.
Tbe general purpose of ch. 312 was unquestionably to further perfect tbe budget system and correct faults which experience bad shown to exist. Evidently it bad been concluded that there ought to be a larger board of estimate, a greater opportunity for tbe public to be beard as to tbe contents of the budget, and some provision for increasing any particular fund in case of emergency during the year, and allowing greater expenditure in that case than tbe expenditure provided for by tbe original budget.
To accomplish these ends tbe time of tbe filing of tbe estimates made by beads of departments was advanced by cb.
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Winslow, O. J.
This is an action of mandamus, and the defendants appeal from the judgment awarding a peremptory writ requiring them as- city officers of the city of Milwaukee to include in the tax levy for the year 1913 a tax of one tenth of a mill for the purpose of extinguishing a deficit' in the city treasury, resulting from uncollected taxes in previous years, and another tax of one quarter of a mill for a so-called readjustment fund. These taxes are required to be levied by the provisions of ch. 606 of the Laws of 1913 (secs. 926 — 176 to 926 — 178, Stats. 1913), and the only question in.the cáse is whether this last named law requires them to be included in the tax levy of 1913 or that they shall be first levied in the tax levy of 1914.
It is true that the act referred to is mandatory in its terms and contains a provision that it shall take effect upon its passage and publication, but notwithstanding these considerations we have reached the conclusion, for reasons which we will briefly state, that it was not' intended to affect in any way the tax levy of 1913.
Since the year 1907 the legislative intent to place the financial system of cities of the first class purely upon the budget basis is very apparent. By ch. 494 of the session laws of that year six sections were added to the general charter law, and numbered sections 925q — 160 to 925q — 165. By the first of .these new sections it was made the duty of the head of each department of the city government, on or before November 1st in each year, to file with the comptroller a report and estimate in writing in detail of the needs of his department for the ensuing, fiscal year (i. e. the year commencing January 1st following). By sec. 925q — 161 a board of es-[142]*142tímate was created and required to convene November 1st each year, and to consider the estimates of the departments filed with the comptroller. This board was then required to make and submit to the council in writing on or before Ian-uary 1st “a proposed budget of taxes to be levied ’’ expenditures to be made, and bonds to be issued during the coming fiscal year. .By sec. 925# — 162 the common council was required, on or before February 1st, to-estimate and determine by resolution the sums of money required to meet the expenses and disbursements of the city during the current year, specifying the amount of each fund, and to include in such resolution a sufficient sum to be levied for taxes in such year as it shall determine to be necessary for municipal purposes, including a sum for a tax adjustment fund to be used in canceling on the treasurer’s books outlawed, unpaid personal property taxes. The section also contains further provisions as to certain other special funds which may be levied, and provides for the determination at that time of the amount of bonds which shall be issued during the year, and prohibits the creation of debts or liabilities by the departments in excess of the amounts determined by the council and placed in the budget. In the official publication of the Laws of 1907 this section is headed in blackletter type, “General appropriation bill — a finality for the year.” Sec. 925q — 163 gives the council power to levy annually sufficient sums for the various specified city funds, not exceeding certain named percentages, and not exceeding in the aggregate fourteen mills on the dollar on the total valuation of the city property. Sec. 925q— 164 required city officers to account for and pay into the city treasury monthly all fees or commissions received by them in their official capacity. Sec. 925q — 165 provided that other cities might adopt the first two sections of the act in the same manner in which the general law is adopted.
■ By chs. 92 and 100 of the Laws of 1911, secs. 925g — 162 and 925q — 163 were amended. The amendment to the first [143]*143named section was trivial and the amendment to the last named section, while quite extensive, affected details which are unimportant so far as this case is concerned, and for these reasons it becomes unnecessary to notice them further.
It seems very certain from mere inspection of this legislation that the intent was to inaugurate a system by which, after due consideration, not only the various city, funds and expenditures were to he fixed, but the amount of the tax levy for the coming year was to he finally determined as early as the 1st day of February, i. e. about nine months in advance of the actual levy of the tax in the following October. The wisdom of a scheme by which the amount of taxation is to he determined so long before the tax is to he levied is not a matter with which we have anything to do.
This law was in full force during December, 1912, and January, 1913, and governed the making of the estimates and budget upon which the tax levy of October, 1913, was to be based. No sum was inserted in that budget for a “tax adjustment fund,” nor was any tax for that purpose included in the resolution fixing the tax levy'. As this fund was, under the law then existing, a fund the levying of which was discretionary with the council, it follows that it was lawful to omit the same from that budget, and also that, such omission having been lawfully made, no levy could be made for that fund in October following, unless the same were required by the legislation of 1913.
Does ch. 606 of the Laws of 1913, which went into effect June 30th of that year, apply to the general tax levy of 1913 ?
To answer this question understandingly it is necessary to consider, in connection with the act in question, ch. -312 of the laws of the same year, which quite materially changes the provisions of the budget law. It was introduced in the assembly March 4, 1913, and passed by that body April 18th following, after a favorable report' by the committee on municipalities. It reached the senate April 22d and was re[144]*144ferred to tbe committee on corporations and passed tbe senate May 12th.
Chapter 606 was introduced in tbe assembly April 25th, was referred 'to tbe same committee as tbe prior bill, passed by tbe assembly May 29tb, sent to tbe senate and referred to tbe same committee in that body as the first bill, and concurred in by tbe senate on June lOtb. Thus it is seen that cb. 606 was introduced in tbe assembly while ch. 312 was still pending in tbe senate, that both bills went through tbe bands of the same committees, and that apparently they were not considered as in any way inharmonious. Cb. 312 materially changes many features of the budget law, while cb. 606 provides for the levying of certain taxes in cities of tbe first class. Both, therefore, seriously affect the financial system of the city of Milwaukee and must, on familiar principles, be considered as in pari materia.
It will be helpful to consider tbe purpose and effect of cb. 312 in our study of the meaning of cb. 606.
Tbe general purpose of ch. 312 was unquestionably to further perfect tbe budget system and correct faults which experience bad shown to exist. Evidently it bad been concluded that there ought to be a larger board of estimate, a greater opportunity for tbe public to be beard as to tbe contents of the budget, and some provision for increasing any particular fund in case of emergency during the year, and allowing greater expenditure in that case than tbe expenditure provided for by tbe original budget.
To accomplish these ends tbe time of tbe filing of tbe estimates made by beads of departments was advanced by cb. 606.to tbe 1st of October, tbe board of estimate was increased in number by adding tbe finance committee of the council, tbe meetings of tbe board were thrown open to tbe public, and a public bearing required not only before tbe board but afterwards before tbe council, tbe budget was required to include a contingent fund for any emergency arising during [145]*145tbe year calling for ihe expenditure of money not expressly provided for in tbe budget, and sec. 925g — 162 was entirely rewritten, tbe most marked change being tbe insertion of provisions giving tbe board of estimate power during tbe year to increase tbe budget estimate for any department and giving tbe council power to appropriate from tbe contingent fund tbe necessary sums to meet sueb increase.
These are the more important additions to tbe budget scheme included in the law of 1913, but there was also a significant omission, namely, tbe omission of any provision for tbe fund called tbe adjustment fund for tbe purpose of meeting tbe amount of tbe unpaid and outlawed personal property taxes each year.
Now it is very certain that tbis law was not intended to affect in any way tbe budget which bad been made up in January, 1913, nor tbe t'ax levy based thereon to be made in October, 1913. Both that budget and that tax bad been definitely determined and were not to be disturbed. • It is just as certain also that there was no intention by tbis law to materially change or weaken tbe principle of tbe former budget law, namely, that tbe expenditures of tbe municipality are to be definitely determined in advance, and tbe tax levy thereafter made is to be limited to tbe raising of tbe funds so determined, except in case of some fund which is required to be raised by some other mandatory legal provision. Turning now to cb. 606 and remembering that it was introduced while cb. 312 was still pending in tbe senate, we are unable to discover from it any intent to affect tbe taxation of 1913. Nothing in its language indicates an intention to interfere with anything which bad been theretofore settled or disturb tbe harmonious working of tbe budget system. It must be presumed that tbe legislature knew that tbe amount of tbe expenditures and prospective tax levies for 1913 bad already been fixed and determined, and that any act which proposed to add to or subtract from tbe tax levy for the current year [146]*146would interfere with the purpose of the budget law and materially change a tax levy which had previously been rightfully delimited.
If it were proposed to make changes of this nature it would seem that the law would so provide in no uncertain terms-But' the law in question does not do this.
The first section of the act provides that whenever in a city of the first class there shall exist a deficit by reason of nonpayment of taxes, the common council shall annually, until the deficit is extinguished, levy a tax of one tenth of a mill for the purpose of extinguishing such deficit. The second section provides that in all cities of the first class the common council shall annually levy a tax sufficient to cover the taxes entered on the tax roll for the year which it is estimated will remain unpaid. The third section provides that in all such cities where expenditures are made or indebtedness incurred in advance of the collection of taxes, the council shall annually (until such time as all taxes can be levied in advance) levy a tax of one fourth of a mill, the proceeds of which shall be used as a taxation readjustment fund to be used to defray the charges allowed in the budget of that year for some other fund in lieu -of levying a tax for such other fund, and that the council shall levy a tax to defray the estimated charges for the succeeding fiscal year against such other fund, and thereafter the taxes for such other fund shall be levied in advance of the expenditures therefor.
It is very plain that the three sections of this act constitute parts of one harmonious plan; namely, a plan to put the finances of the city gradually upon a cash basis. The idea is that each fund shall, at the beginning of the fiscal year, be possessed of the actual cash required for the estimated expenditures of the year, and that there shall be an annual fund for the pi’ofit and loss account. There is no indication of any idea that part of this scheme should go into effect at one time and part at another. It rather appears to us that the [147]*147intention was that it should supplement and perfect ch. 312, and that the two acts should take effect simultaneously with the creation of the budget and the levy of. the taxes of 1914.
We discover nothing in the act which forbids this construction of the legislative intention, and as this construction tends to promote the orderly conduct of municipal affairs and makes no sudden and unexpected change in matters already determined in accordance with previously existing provisions of law, we deem it the better construction.
By the Court. — Judgment reversed, and action remanded with directions to enter judgment overruling the .demurrer to the return and quashing the alternative writ.