State, Child Support Service v. Smith

40 P.3d 133, 136 Idaho 775, 2001 Ida. App. LEXIS 106
CourtIdaho Court of Appeals
DecidedDecember 20, 2001
DocketNo. 27126
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 40 P.3d 133 (State, Child Support Service v. Smith) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Idaho Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State, Child Support Service v. Smith, 40 P.3d 133, 136 Idaho 775, 2001 Ida. App. LEXIS 106 (Idaho Ct. App. 2001).

Opinion

SCHWARTZMAN, Chief Judge.

Challes E. Smith appeals from the order of the magistrate dismissing his motion captioned “Motion to Terminate Income Withholding,” which requested both a reduction in the amount of child support ordered while incarcerated and relief from mandatory income withholding. We vacate the magistrate’s order and remand this case for further proceedings.

I.

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

On October 3,1989, a child was bom of the relationship between Smith and Barbara Anaya. Smith acknowledged paternity after the Department of Health and Welfare (H & W) initiated paternity proceedings in April 1994 on behalf of Anaya and the child. From December 1995 until February 25, 2001, [777]*777Smith was incarcerated at the Idaho State Penitentiary for a felony conviction of driving under the influence.

On January 17, 1996, Smith was served with a complaint for child support and reimbursement. A default judgment was entered in favor of H & Ws Bureau of Child Support Services (BCSS) against Smith on February 13, 1996, ordering him to pay $119 a month in child support, arrearages, attorney fees, the costs of health insurance for the child, and one-half of any uncovered health care expenses. The default judgment also authorized automatic and immediate income withholding.

On July 2, 1997, Smith filed a motion to modify child support based upon his incarceration. Following a hearing, the magistrate ordered Smith’s monthly child support obligation reduced to $50 per month until thirty days after his release from incarceration. The modified support order contained the same automatic and immediate income withholding provision of the default judgment and provided for review in one year. On October 14, 1998, BCSS sent a form document titled “Order/Notiee to Withhold Income for Child Support” to the Department of Corrections, stating that a total of $100 per month was to be deducted from any pay Smith received and that the total amount withheld could not exceed 50 percent of Smith’s aggregate weekly disposable earnings.1 On October 26, 1998, the magistrate ordered Smith’s monthly child support obligation continued at $50 per month until thirty days after his release from incarceration.

On September 9, 1999, Smith filed a motion to terminate income withholding based upon his income of $35 a month, a Department of Corrections directive requiring him to make a co-payment for medical and dental care, and a requirement that he pay for his own personal hygiene products. Smith filed a notice of hearing and provided a statement of credits and debits from his inmate account and a copy of the Order/Notice to Withhold Income for Child Support from the BCSS. The BCSS objected to Smith’s motion to terminate income withholding, arguing that Smith would receive medical and dental care in prison regardless of his ability to make a co-payment. Following a hearing, the magistrate dismissed Smith’s motion to terminate income withholding for lack of jurisdiction over an income withholding order not issued by the court. Smith appealed to the district court. On intermediate appeal, the district court affirmed the dismissal by the magistrate, albeit on the basis that the income withholding order had been issued by the BCSS, rather than the court, and that Smith had failed’ to exhaust his available administrative remedies. Smith again appeals.

II.

STANDARD OF REVIEW

Our l-eview of a magistrate’s decision is made independently from, but with due regard for, the decision of a district court sitting in an appellate capacity. Stonecipher v. Stonecipher, 131 Idaho 731, 734, 963 P.2d 1168, 1171 (1998); McAffee v. McAffee, 132 Idaho 281, 284, 971 P.2d 734, 737 (Ct.App.1999). The magistrate’s findings of fact will be upheld if they are supported by substantial and competent evidence. Stonecipher, 131 Idaho at 734, 963 P.2d at 1171. Issues of law are freely reviewed by this Court. If the law has been properly applied to the facts as found, the judgment will be upheld on further appeal. Id

III.

DISCUSSION

A. Introduction

Smith’s motion sought relief from the income withholding oi’der and a modification of, or relief from, the obligation to pay child support. He argued that the $50 a month support obligation exceeded his total monthly income while incarcerated. The magisti’ate ruled that it did not have jurisdiction to consider Smith’s motion based on its finding that the income withholding order was issued [778]*778by the BOSS rather than the court. On appeal, the district court affirmed the magistrate’s order under the right result/wrong basis theory, explaining that Smith had failed to exhaust available H & W administrative remedies.

B. Mootness

Health and Welfare claims that Smith’s issue on appeal is moot because, although it concedes that Smith may have had a valid claim, he has since been released from incarceration and is no longer subject to the income withholding order against his inmate account. Ordinarily, where there is no longer a live controversy between the parties, the case is dismissed as moot. See Great Beginnings Child Care, Inc. v. Office of Governor of State of Idaho, 128 Idaho 158, 911 P.2d 751 (1996); State v. Hargis, 126 Idaho 727, 730, 889 P.2d 1117, 1120 (Ct.App.1995). However, there is a well-recognized exception to mootness when issues of wide concern affect the public interest, are likely to recur in a similar manner, and, because of the brief time any one person is affected, would otherwise likely escape judicial review. State v. Henderson, 119 Idaho 579, 580, 808 P.2d 1324, 1325 (Ct.App.1991). In other words, an issue is not moot if it is “susceptible to recurrence yet evading review.” Hargis, 126 Idaho at 730, 889 P.2d at 1120.

Under this exception a court may, in its discretion, consider the appeal even where there is no longer a live controversy between the litigants. Id. It is likely that other inmates’ institutional accounts are being subject to mandatory withholding for child support. We therefore conclude that the public interest exception to mootness applies to Smith’s case.

C. Magistrate Court Jurisdiction Regarding Modification Of A Child Support Order And The Inapplicability Of Administrative Exhaustion

In this ease, all the child support orders were issued in the magistrate division of the district court. Idaho Code § 7-1008, which concerns the court’s jurisdiction to issue child support orders, provides in pertinent part that:

(1) A tribunal of this state issuing a support order consistent with the law of this state has continuing, exclusive jurisdiction over a child support order:

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Bluebook (online)
40 P.3d 133, 136 Idaho 775, 2001 Ida. App. LEXIS 106, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-child-support-service-v-smith-idahoctapp-2001.