Standard Bank and Trust Co. v. Callaghan

574 N.E.2d 711, 215 Ill. App. 3d 76, 158 Ill. Dec. 598, 1991 Ill. App. LEXIS 900
CourtAppellate Court of Illinois
DecidedMay 30, 1991
Docket2-90-0507
StatusPublished
Cited by8 cases

This text of 574 N.E.2d 711 (Standard Bank and Trust Co. v. Callaghan) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Appellate Court of Illinois primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Standard Bank and Trust Co. v. Callaghan, 574 N.E.2d 711, 215 Ill. App. 3d 76, 158 Ill. Dec. 598, 1991 Ill. App. LEXIS 900 (Ill. Ct. App. 1991).

Opinion

JUSTICE DUNN

delivered the opinion of the court:

Plaintiff, Standard Bank and Trust Company (the Bank), appeals from an order of the circuit court of Du Page County awarding a $242,404.70 deficiency judgment against defendants, David and Mary Callaghan (the Callaghans), but denying the Bank interest and attorney fees accruing after entry of a foreclosure decree in 1984. The following issues are presented on appeal: (1) whether the Bank should have been awarded statutory post-judgment interest from the date of the sheriff’s sale; (2) whether the doctrine of merger prevented the Bank from seeking additional attorney fees pursuant to the promissory note executed by the Callaghans; (3) whether allegedly unreasonable conduct by the Bank justified denial of the additional attorney fees; and (4) whether the Bank was precluded from seeking some of the fees in question because it failed to appeal from a portion of a 1988 order providing that each party would pay its own fees and costs. We affirm in part, reverse in part, and remand.

Although it is somewhat painstaking, a discussion of the history and background of this case is necessary for a resolution of the issues presented here. In July 1980, the Callaghans borrowed $700,000 from the Bank, then known as Heritage Standard Bank and Trust Company, and executed a note for repayment of the amount plus interest. The note stated that, in the event of default, the Callaghans would pay the reasonable attorney fees incurred by the Bank in enforcing the terms of the note. The note also stated that the beneficial interest in a certain land trust which was held by the Callaghans would serve as security for payment of the note. The Callaghans had previously executed an assignment of the beneficial interest in the land trust in favor of the Bank.

The CaBaghans subsequently defaulted on the note. On January 8, 1983, the Bank filed a complaint to foreclose its security interest in the beneficial interest in the land trust. The Callaghans filed a counterclaim. The trial court granted the Bank summary judgment on both the complaint and counterclaim. The foreclosure decree, which was entered on September 27, 1984, states that it is ordered that defendants pay plaintiff the sum of $721,073.16 within three days with a post-judgment interest rate of 9% per annum. The decree further states that the sheriff of Du Page County will conduct a judicial sale of the beneficial interest and, if the amount derived from the sale was not sufficient to satisfy the judgment amount, the sheriff was to specify the deficiency amount in his report of sale. The above judgment amount included $7,760.50 in attorney fees incurred up until that point.

The sheriff’s sale was held on March 14, 1985. The beneficial interest in the land trust was sold to the Bank, which bid $221,000. In the sheriff's report of sale concerning the land trust, the sheriff recommended that a deficiency judgment be entered in favor of the Bank in the amount of $292,404.70, of which $13,023.36 constituted attorney fees.

On June 3, 1985, however, the circuit court entered an order denying the Bank any deficiency judgment. The court’s ruling was based upon the Bank’s failure to specifically request a deficiency judgment in the complaint for foreclosure and equitable concerns. The Bank appealed from this order, and this court reversed it in Heritage Standard Bank & Trust Co. v. Heritage Standard Bank & Trust Co. (1986), 149 Ill. App. 3d 563 (Standard Bank I). This court held that the general prayer for relief in the foreclosure complaint was sufficient to authorize entry of a deficiency judgment and rejected certain equitable arguments raised by defendants. (Standard Bank, 149 Ill. App. 3d at 568-70.) It remanded the cause to the circuit court for a hearing concerning defendants’ contention that the sale was commercially unreasonable. 149 Ill. App. 3d at 570-71.

Upon remand, the trial court conducted such a hearing and determined that the fair-market value of the property was $50,000 greater than the amount bid by the Bank, $221,000. The trial court determined that the amount bid was commercially unreasonable and that the Bank engaged in a mistaken practice by relying on an appraiser’s report in making the bid when it should have known the appraisal was erroneous. On February 29, 1988, the court entered an order denying the deficiency judgment once again on the above grounds. The order further stated that each side would pay its own costs and attorney fees.

The Bank appealed the above order to this court, which affirmed in part and reversed in part in Standard Bank & Trust Co. v. Callaghan (1988), 177 Ill. App. 3d 973 (Standard Bank II). This court held that the trial court’s finding that the sheriff’s sale was commercially unreasonable because of the Bank’s mistaken practice was not against the manifest weight of the evidence (Standard Bank, 177 Ill. App. 3d at 979) but that the trial court erred in concluding that this constituted an absolute bar to a deficiency judgment (177 Ill. App. 3d at 982). We remanded the case to the trial court with instructions to award a judgment to the Bank in the amount of $50,000 less than the deficiency. 177 Ill. App. 3d at 982.

Upon remand, the parties agreed that, under Standard Bank II, the Bank was entitled to a judgment in the amount of at least $242,404.70, representing the $292,404.70 deficiency noted in the sheriff’s report of sale minus $50,000. The Bank asserted that it was also entitled to attorney fees incurred in the litigation since March 14, 1985, the date of the sheriff’s sale, plus statutory post-judgment interest of 9% for that time period pursuant to section 2 — 1303 of the Code of Civil Procedure (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1989, ch. 110, par. 2 — 1303). The trial court ruled that the Bank was not entitled to post-judgment interest under section 2 — 1303 because in a foreclosure action, the deficiency judgment rather than the foreclosure decree determines defendants’ personal liability. The trial court also ruled that the Bank was not entitled to additional attorney fees because its commercially unreasonable conduct had caused the continuing litigation and because the Bank never appealed from the portion of the February 29, 1988, order assessing each side its own costs and fees. The court entered a deficiency judgment in the amount of $242,404.70 on April 5,1990. The Bank now appeals.

Section 2 — 1303 of the Code of Civil Procedure states that “[¡judgments recovered in any court shall draw interest at the rate of 9% per annum from the date of the judgment.” (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1989, ch. 110, par. 2 — 1303.) The Bank argues that under this provision it was entitled to 9% interest per annum on the judgment order in the foreclosure decree which stated that defendants shall pay plaintiff the sum of $721,073.16 within three days plus post-judgment interest at a rate of 9%. The Bank also maintains that, since the Callaghans did not appeal from the foreclosure decree, they are bound to pay 9% interest per annum from the date of the decree under the law-of-the-case doctrine.

At the time the foreclosure decree was entered, section 6 of “An Act relating to mortgages of property of public utilities” (Act) provided in part as follows:

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Bluebook (online)
574 N.E.2d 711, 215 Ill. App. 3d 76, 158 Ill. Dec. 598, 1991 Ill. App. LEXIS 900, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/standard-bank-and-trust-co-v-callaghan-illappct-1991.