Standard Accident Insurance v. Gore

109 A.2d 566, 99 N.H. 277, 1954 N.H. LEXIS 68
CourtSupreme Court of New Hampshire
DecidedNovember 30, 1954
DocketNo. 4351
StatusPublished
Cited by15 cases

This text of 109 A.2d 566 (Standard Accident Insurance v. Gore) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of New Hampshire primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Standard Accident Insurance v. Gore, 109 A.2d 566, 99 N.H. 277, 1954 N.H. LEXIS 68 (N.H. 1954).

Opinion

Duncan, J.

The policy of insurance, which was issued to Mrs. Gore as named insured, provided that the word “insured” as used therein should include “any person while using the automobile . . . provided the actual use of the automobile is by the named insured or with his permission.” It bore a statutory motor vehicle endorsement incorporating by reference “all policy provisions required” by R. L., c. 122, as amended, which provides that such insurance shall apply “to any person who has obtained possession or control of the motor vehicle of the insured with his express or implied consent even though the use in the course of which liability to pay damages arises has been expressly or impliedly forbidden by the insured or is otherwise unauthorized.” R. L., c. 122, s. 16. See Merchants &c. Co. v. Goodale, 90 N. H. 406, 409. The limits of coverage afforded by the policy exceeded the minimum limits required by the statute.

The issue submitted without objection to the jury was framed in the language of the statute: “At the time and place of the accident . . . was James E. Gore operating the Buick automobile of [280]*280Marion A. Gore "with her express or implied consent?” The jury was instructed that there was no evidence of express consent “for the particular trip which resulted in the accident in question.” The answer returned by the jury was “yes.” The plaintiff excepted to the denial of its motion for a directed verdict and to the denial of its request for an instruction that the submitted question should be answered in the negative.

The burden of establishing coverage was upon the defendants. Travelers Ins. Co. v. Greenough, 88 N. H. 391; Standard &c. Ins. Co. v. Cloutier, 92 N. H. 449. On the plaintiff’s motion for a directed verdict in its favor, the evidence is to be construed most favorably to the parties having the burden of the proof. Maloney v. Company, 98 N. H. 78. “[T]he real situation is that [the plaintiff] is defending against a claim of its liability.” Travelers Ins. Co. v. Greenough, supra, 393. The plaintiff argues that it conclusively appears that Mrs. Gore had expressly forbidden her son to use the automobile after the first trip to Wilton, and in support of its argument relies upon the testimony that she said to him, “Please do not take the car again tonight,” and upon answers made by her and by James on deposition prior to the trial, to the truth of which each of them testified at the trial. Mrs. Gore’s testimony on deposition was to the effect that a “fair interpretation” was that she “said that [she] didn’t want [James] to take the car again that night for a taxi.” James’ testimony on deposition was that when he took the car the second time to go to Wilton it “was just the sort of thing that [his] mother told [him] that [he] was not to do that night” and that he understood that the car “was not to be used to take any of [his] friends to any destination.”

It is not urged that the defendants are bound by this testimony on deposition under the rule of Harlow v. Leclair, 82 N. H. 506, but rather that the jury “could not have rightfully found” that the automobile was being used with Mrs. Gore’s consent. In making this contention the plaintiff asserts that the evidence of use of the automobile by the son prior to the accident was incompetent to show implied consent because of a lack of evidence that prior use had been made under circumstances similar to those which existed on the evening of the accident. The plaintiff’s motion to strike out the testimony of two witnesses bearing upon the extent of the prior use was denied subject to exception.

The motion to strike and the motion for a directed verdict were [281]*281properly denied. It could be found from the testimony of both Mrs. Gore and her son that the use made of the automobile by the latter after his first trip to Wilton was not forbidden. If other parts of their testimony were inconsistent or in conflict, the doctrine of Harlow v. Leclair, supra, did not operate to bind them to any selected portion. Colburn v. Normand, 96 N. H. 250, 253, and cases cited. There was no error in receiving evidence which tended to show a prior course of conduct with respect to James’ use of the automobile from which his mother’s consent to his unrestricted use of it could be implied. It was “clearly relevant and admissible as indicating the extent of the use to which the defendant . . . gave [her] consent.” American Employers Ins. Co. v. Wentworth, 90 N. H. 112, 115; United States Fidelity &c. Co. v. Dunn, 90 N. H. 236; Am. Employers Ins. Co. v. Insurance Co., 93 N. H. 101. Since it could be found that consent was given to unrestricted use, no occasion arose to establish prior use by James under circumstances precisely similar to those of March 18, 1950. Aetna Life Ins. Co. v. Chandler, 89 N. H. 95, 99. The-case of Liberty Mut. Insurance Co. v. Martel, 88 N. H. 479, relied upon by the plaintiff is not authority to the contrary. There the evidence tended to prove at most that the owner’s employee had been authorized to drive the insured vehicle. Evidence of consent to its use for the employee’s own purposes was clearly lacking.

The issue in the instant case was whether the owner’s implied consent to unrestricted use was withdrawn or qualified with respect to the use actually made on the evening in question because of what was said at that time. It was properly submitted to the jury by the instruction: “You must decide whether what was said constituted a revocation or suspension of a pre-existing implied consent.” Mrs. Gore’s reference to the use of the automobile “as a taxi” was given meaning by her further testimony that during the previous Christmas vacation there had been “lots of boys dropping in all through the vacation, and my car was just used to take boys here, there and everywhere . . . and I got rather fed up — figuring that some of the others could use their car for a change .... They knew that I was a little annoyed about this car picture anyway.” The son testified that use of the car as a taxi meant “driving back and forth all over the place all night.” It was for the jury to determine the effect of the mother’s remark under the circumstances which existed on the night of the accident. It could be found to have left something to the son’s [282]*282discretion. What it meant and whether his use of the car necessarily took on the characteristics of use as a taxi and, if so, whether it was therefore forbidden were questions of fact for the jury’s determination. A finding that James still had authority to use the car “in any ordinary manner that he might see fit” was not unwarranted. Harrison v. Carroll, 139 F. (2d) 427, 429. He was under no instruction to return the keys of the car or to garage it, upon his return from the first trip. See Randig v. O’Hara, 123 Pa. Super. 251.

Implied consent is defined by Appleman as “inferential permission, in which a presumption is raised from the course of conduct or relationship between the parties in which there is mutual acquiescence or lack of objection signifying consent.” 7 Appleman, Insurance Law & Practice, s. 4365. See also, 45 C. J. S. 897, 898. The plaintiff argues that there could be no finding of implied consent because Mrs. Gore had no knowledge of the use being made when the accident occurred, and because her son testified that it “was just the sort of thing [she] had told [him] . . .

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Bluebook (online)
109 A.2d 566, 99 N.H. 277, 1954 N.H. LEXIS 68, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/standard-accident-insurance-v-gore-nh-1954.