STAMATIADES

11 I. & N. Dec. 643

• Court: Board of Immigration Appeals
• Decided: July 1, 1966
• Docket: 1594
• Status: Published

Opinion

Interim DeCision #1594 •

3Lenzu or STazetiemenrs • In Visa Petition Proceedings A-10904242 -

Decided Disfrtiet Director June 8,1986 Since a biologist is a member of the professions within the meaning of section 203(a) (3), Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended by P.7s 83-236, a visa petition to accord third preference status to beneficiary, a qualified biologist, may be approved notwithstanding his current employment in the 'United States in a *nonprofessional occupation. '3 •

The petitioner, a Clinical Professor of Anaesthesia at Harvard University and f)irector of Anaesthesia at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, seeki to. have the beneficiary clessi- field under. section 203(a) (8) of the Immigration. and Nationality. Act, as amended, which provides for immigrant visas to he made available "to qualified immigrants who are members of the pro- fessions, or who because of their exceptional•ability in-the sciences or the arts will substantially benefit prospectively the national econ- omy, cultural interests, or welfare of the United States." The beneficiary is a 36-year-old native and citizen of Greece. He attended the University of Istanbul from March. 1954 to No- vember 1055 and the University of Thessaloni for the academic year 1955-1956. • His studies-at each of these universities. included chem- istry. He was awarded the degree of Bachelor. of Arts in Biology by Boston University in 1962 after attendance there since 1958. He attended West Virginia University from September 1962 to June 1965 in an unsuccessful attempt to obtain a master's degree in anatomy. He has employment at the Peter Bent Brigham Hos- pital as a laboratory technician. On March 4, 1966, the Department of Labor, after reviewing the beneficiary's qualifications, issued a certification pursuant to section 212(a) (14) of the Act, as amended. The certification is to the effect that there are not sufficient qualified biologists available in the United Statet and that the employment of biologists will not adversely affect wages and working conditions of workers-in the 'United States similarly employed.

843 Interim Decision #1594 Section 101(a) (32) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended, provides that the term "profession" shall include but not be limited toarchitects, engineers, lawyers, physicians, surgeons, and teachers in elementary or secondary schools, colleges, academies, or seminaries. As the professions listed are not all-inclusive, we may •consider other commonly used definition's Of bhe term. . -.Webster's New International- Dictionary, contains the following definition of "profession": The occupation, if not purely commercial, mechanical, agricultural, or the like, to which one devotes oneself; a calling in which one professes to have acquired some special knowledge osed . b? war either of inetroctini.gukkini, or advising others or of serving them in some ait; • as, the piofeisron-Of arms, orteaching, of . .

Pertinent hereto is-a- decision' of 'the Supreme Court tlf-thtelTidted States holding that a chemist, coinin g to the 'United' tf104 'to iv.irk on a sugar plantation is a person 'belonging to a "recilikiiss . fessioe within the meaning of the Act of March 3, 1891, excepting him from the contract labor prohibition of the Act of February 26, 1885, then in effect. The Court said, in pint: • Although the study of chemistry is the study of science, Yet a chemist who occupies himself in the practical use of'his knowledge of chemistry, as his serv- ices may be demanded, may' Certainly, ht. this time, be fairly regarded 'as in the practice of, a profession. " One definition of a profession .is an "employment, especially an employment requiring a learned education, as those of divinity, law and physic." (Worcester's Dictionary, title profession.) In,, the Century Dictionary the definition of the word "profession" is given, among others, .as "A vocation in which a professed knowledge of some department Of science or learning is used by its practical application to the affairs of others, either in advising, guiding, or teaching them, or in serving their interests or welfare in the practice of an art founded on it. 'Formerly, theology. law and medicine were specifically known as the professions'; but.as the applications of science and learning are extended to miler departments or affairs, Otter vocations also receive the name. The word implies professed attainments in special know- ledge, as distingnished from mere akin. A practical dealing with affairs, as distinguished from mere study or investigation; and an: application. of such knowledge to uses for others, as a vocation, as distinguished !rota its pursuit for its own purposes." There are professors of chemistry In all the chief col- legit of the country. It is a science, the knowledge of which is to be acquired only after patient study and application. The chemist who places his know- ledge acquired from a study of the science to the use of others, is he may be employed by them, and as a vocation for the purpose of his own maintenance, must certainly be regarded as one engaged in the practice of a profession which is generally recognized in this country. . The biological sciences are discussed in the "Occupational Outlook Handbook", a publication of the Department of Labor, pages 133- ' United Stater v. Laws,163 U.S. 258,,266 (1896). 644 Interim. Decision. *1594 138. A. related bachelor's degree is the minimum educationid re- quirement for a beginning job as a biologist. Biological scientists engage in a wide field cif activities, including teaching; management and administrative work such as planning, supervision and edthinis- tration of programs c;d research or of testing of foods, drugs and other products. A substantial number are engaged in research and development. Willie some conduct basic- :research, from tuth research has stemmed the development of insecticides,' disease- resistant crops, and antibiotics. We find the beneficiary is a qualified biologist; that the occupation of biologist is comparable to that of the chemist and the.digineer; and that as a biologist this beneficiary is a member of the ,profnsaions within the meaning of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended. The Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended, does not specify that a member of the professimis must be coming to . this . country to engage immediately in the practice of his profession in order to qualify for third preference'status. 1n fact, no prospec- tive employer is required and the alien may petition in his own behalf. Thus if the beneficiary in the instant case were not presently employed the petition would be cleirly approvable. The question before us, therefore, is whether the alien's present' employment in a non-professional occupation as a laboratory technician precludes approval of a petition to accord him a third-preference olassification es a member of the profegaions. In many instances and frequently because of factors over which the alien has no control such as licensing and, other local restrictions, he may be forced to accept any available employment for a period of time after arrival before entering into professional practice. On March 18, 1965 the Secretary of Labor testified before a sup- committee of the. House Committee on the Judiciary regarding certain aspects of H.R. 2580 which, as amended, was enacted as P.L. 89-236. In advocating -that specific job offers not be required for highly educated and specialized immigrants, such as those now , encompassed in• the third preference, the Secretaly stated that the addition to this country of those immigrants would be. a definite boon to the American culture and workforce. He agreed that this would be so even if the alien would not occupy one of the specific skills for which he merited consideration as a preference alien, and stated that the alien should be "free to climb." 2

2 Hearingt on H.R. 2580 before a Subcommittee of the House Committee on

the Jualetary, 88th Goa., Itit Seas., ser. 7, •Lt 125 (1065).

645 Interim Decision #1594.

It is concluded, therefore, that an alien's current employment in the Uxiited States in a non-professional occupation does not pre- clude approval of a petition to accord him third preference classi- fication if he is determined to be a qualified member of the pro- fessions. On the basis of the foregoing, the petition will be approved. ORDER: It is ordered that the petition be approved.