WiNslow, J.
Whatever uncertainty may exist in the decisions of other courts upon the main question presented in this action, there is no uncertainty as to the position of this court, and that position maybe briefly stated as follows: A public officer takes his office cum onere, and all services performed by him within the scope of his official duties, or which are voluntarily performed as such officer, are covered by his salary or compensation as fixed by law. A municipal corporation has no jurisdiction to allow to such officer additional compensation not authorized by law for the performance of such services, and if such allowance be in fact made it is a void act. If such officer receives such additional compensation from the municipal corporation whose officer he is, even with its consent, he obtains no title thereto, but it may he recovered by the corporation in a proper action at law. If the proper corporate officers in such case refuse or neglect to bring such action, an equitable action may be successfully maintained by any taxpayer to recover such moneys for the benefit of, the corporation, if the action be a timely one and there are no equitable considerations [274]*274which will operate as an estoppel. Kewaunee Co. v. Knipfer, 37 Wis. 496; Frederick v. Douglas Co. 96 Wis. 411; Quaw v. Paff, 98 Wis. 586; Land, L. & L. Co. v. McIntyre, 100 Wis. 258; Webster v. Douglas Co. 102 Wis. 181. When the action is brought by the corporation itself, there can be no doubt that the proper form thereof is that of an action for money had and received, as is the form of the present action. These general propositions not being doubtful, we may proceed at once to the consideration of the facts of the present case.
The defendant was clerk of the circuit court of St. Croix County from 1891 to 1896, inclusive, and performed the duties- of the office, rendering bills against the county for alleged official services annually, which bills were allowed and paid as rendered, with the exception that in 1896 a deduction of $24 was made from the bill as presented. These bills were itemized, and it is claimed in this action, and was found by the court, that a considerable number of the items were improper and illegal charges which the county had no legal authority to allow or pay.
Under our statute the clerk of the circuit court is not a salaried officer, but receives his compensation in fees. The statute says (R. S. 1878, sec. 747): “The clerks of the several circuit courts shall be entitled to the following fees and no more, viz.” Then follows a long list of services, with a specified fee for each service, and at the close of the section appears the following provision: “ Whenever the county board may think the compensation herein provided insufficient, they may order an additional sum to be paid out of the county treasury.” With regard to this latter provision, under which certain of the illegal allowances are attempted to be justified in the present case, it may as well be said at the outset that the county board never acted or attempted to act under it. They simply allowed the items of the bills as presented. No claim was ever made by the defendant [275]*275that the compensation allowed by statute was insufficient, and hence there has been no consideration of that question by the county board. It is absolutely certain, therefore, that this provision cannot be used to justify any charge exceeding the statutory fees, because there was no finding by the county board that the statutory compensation was insufficient, and no attempt nor intention shown to make any additional compensation.
Proceeding now to the items for which judgment has been rendered against the defendant in the present action, we shall consider them in detail:
The defendant charged and was allowed by the county board $3 for each quarterly statement made by him to the secretary of state under sec. ”743, R. S. 1878, showing the notions commenced in the circuit court during the preceding quarter, making in all $60. He also charged and was allowed $35 for remodeling the clerk’s office by putting in new file cases purchased by the county, and sorting out the ■old papers and filing them away in order in the new cases. He also charged and received $6 for writing letters to thirty-six jurymen, notifying them when to attend, and afterwards writing a second set of letters notifying them not to come; ■both sets of letters having been written by order of the court. As to all of these items it is frankly conceded by the defend.ant’s counsel that there is no provision of the statute prescribing a fee for’ such services, but it is claimed that their allowance may be justified under the additional compensation clause. Under the principles already laid down in this •opinion, there can be no allowance under that clause, because the board never acted under it. All of these items, therefore, were properly recoverable in this action.
The defendant charged 'and was allowed $3 for each jury term for writing the names of eligible jurors, cutting them apart, and putting them in the ballot box ready for the drawing of the panel of jurors, amounting to $30 in all. This [276]*276is attempted to be justified only under that clause of sec. 747, supra, which allows the clerk ten cents per folio for “ making copies of any judgment, order, report or other paper or record.” It is sufficient to say with regard to this claim that we think it’clear that the clause quoted does not cover the work done.
The next item is a charge for. transcribing the court minutes, amounting to. $428. It appears that the defendant ■kept the minutes of the proceedings of court when in session in pencil, and after the adjournment of court drew them off from this pencil memorandum into a permanent book with ■pen and ink, and this charge is for that service. The defendant attempts to justify this charge under the clause quoted above with regard to the last preceding item, and under another clause of sec. 747 which allows ten cents per folio “for recording any paper, order, judgment or report when required.” It is plain that neither clause covers the charge. The statute requires him to keep a minute book showing all the proceedings in court (R. S. 1878, sec. 742), but gives him no fee therefor. It is one of the duties which he assumes in consideration of the compensation fixed for other services, and he is not entitled to charge for it.
The next item is a charge of $215.50 for oaths administered to witnesses in criminal cases to verify their mileage and per diem, fees. This is supposed to be justified by that clause of sec. 747 which provides a fee of twenty-five cents for administering’ an oath, and by sec. 4060, R. S. 1878, which provides that the clerk shall issue to each witness in a criminal case a certificate of attendance, travel, and compensation due him, upon proof by affidavit of such attendance and travel. In the present case the clerk administered the oaths to the affidavits of attendance, and claims that the county should pay him the statutory fee for each oath. The claim is not tenable. Under sec. 4060 it is manifest that the witness himself is to make and present his affidavit to the [277]*277clerk. If the clerk administers the oath, it is a service performed for the witness, and not for the county.
The statute allows the clerk §1 for drawing a panel of jurors for a term, but the defendant charged $3 for each panel drawn, making an excess of $16, which has been paid him.
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WiNslow, J.
Whatever uncertainty may exist in the decisions of other courts upon the main question presented in this action, there is no uncertainty as to the position of this court, and that position maybe briefly stated as follows: A public officer takes his office cum onere, and all services performed by him within the scope of his official duties, or which are voluntarily performed as such officer, are covered by his salary or compensation as fixed by law. A municipal corporation has no jurisdiction to allow to such officer additional compensation not authorized by law for the performance of such services, and if such allowance be in fact made it is a void act. If such officer receives such additional compensation from the municipal corporation whose officer he is, even with its consent, he obtains no title thereto, but it may he recovered by the corporation in a proper action at law. If the proper corporate officers in such case refuse or neglect to bring such action, an equitable action may be successfully maintained by any taxpayer to recover such moneys for the benefit of, the corporation, if the action be a timely one and there are no equitable considerations [274]*274which will operate as an estoppel. Kewaunee Co. v. Knipfer, 37 Wis. 496; Frederick v. Douglas Co. 96 Wis. 411; Quaw v. Paff, 98 Wis. 586; Land, L. & L. Co. v. McIntyre, 100 Wis. 258; Webster v. Douglas Co. 102 Wis. 181. When the action is brought by the corporation itself, there can be no doubt that the proper form thereof is that of an action for money had and received, as is the form of the present action. These general propositions not being doubtful, we may proceed at once to the consideration of the facts of the present case.
The defendant was clerk of the circuit court of St. Croix County from 1891 to 1896, inclusive, and performed the duties- of the office, rendering bills against the county for alleged official services annually, which bills were allowed and paid as rendered, with the exception that in 1896 a deduction of $24 was made from the bill as presented. These bills were itemized, and it is claimed in this action, and was found by the court, that a considerable number of the items were improper and illegal charges which the county had no legal authority to allow or pay.
Under our statute the clerk of the circuit court is not a salaried officer, but receives his compensation in fees. The statute says (R. S. 1878, sec. 747): “The clerks of the several circuit courts shall be entitled to the following fees and no more, viz.” Then follows a long list of services, with a specified fee for each service, and at the close of the section appears the following provision: “ Whenever the county board may think the compensation herein provided insufficient, they may order an additional sum to be paid out of the county treasury.” With regard to this latter provision, under which certain of the illegal allowances are attempted to be justified in the present case, it may as well be said at the outset that the county board never acted or attempted to act under it. They simply allowed the items of the bills as presented. No claim was ever made by the defendant [275]*275that the compensation allowed by statute was insufficient, and hence there has been no consideration of that question by the county board. It is absolutely certain, therefore, that this provision cannot be used to justify any charge exceeding the statutory fees, because there was no finding by the county board that the statutory compensation was insufficient, and no attempt nor intention shown to make any additional compensation.
Proceeding now to the items for which judgment has been rendered against the defendant in the present action, we shall consider them in detail:
The defendant charged and was allowed by the county board $3 for each quarterly statement made by him to the secretary of state under sec. ”743, R. S. 1878, showing the notions commenced in the circuit court during the preceding quarter, making in all $60. He also charged and was allowed $35 for remodeling the clerk’s office by putting in new file cases purchased by the county, and sorting out the ■old papers and filing them away in order in the new cases. He also charged and received $6 for writing letters to thirty-six jurymen, notifying them when to attend, and afterwards writing a second set of letters notifying them not to come; ■both sets of letters having been written by order of the court. As to all of these items it is frankly conceded by the defend.ant’s counsel that there is no provision of the statute prescribing a fee for’ such services, but it is claimed that their allowance may be justified under the additional compensation clause. Under the principles already laid down in this •opinion, there can be no allowance under that clause, because the board never acted under it. All of these items, therefore, were properly recoverable in this action.
The defendant charged 'and was allowed $3 for each jury term for writing the names of eligible jurors, cutting them apart, and putting them in the ballot box ready for the drawing of the panel of jurors, amounting to $30 in all. This [276]*276is attempted to be justified only under that clause of sec. 747, supra, which allows the clerk ten cents per folio for “ making copies of any judgment, order, report or other paper or record.” It is sufficient to say with regard to this claim that we think it’clear that the clause quoted does not cover the work done.
The next item is a charge for. transcribing the court minutes, amounting to. $428. It appears that the defendant ■kept the minutes of the proceedings of court when in session in pencil, and after the adjournment of court drew them off from this pencil memorandum into a permanent book with ■pen and ink, and this charge is for that service. The defendant attempts to justify this charge under the clause quoted above with regard to the last preceding item, and under another clause of sec. 747 which allows ten cents per folio “for recording any paper, order, judgment or report when required.” It is plain that neither clause covers the charge. The statute requires him to keep a minute book showing all the proceedings in court (R. S. 1878, sec. 742), but gives him no fee therefor. It is one of the duties which he assumes in consideration of the compensation fixed for other services, and he is not entitled to charge for it.
The next item is a charge of $215.50 for oaths administered to witnesses in criminal cases to verify their mileage and per diem, fees. This is supposed to be justified by that clause of sec. 747 which provides a fee of twenty-five cents for administering’ an oath, and by sec. 4060, R. S. 1878, which provides that the clerk shall issue to each witness in a criminal case a certificate of attendance, travel, and compensation due him, upon proof by affidavit of such attendance and travel. In the present case the clerk administered the oaths to the affidavits of attendance, and claims that the county should pay him the statutory fee for each oath. The claim is not tenable. Under sec. 4060 it is manifest that the witness himself is to make and present his affidavit to the [277]*277clerk. If the clerk administers the oath, it is a service performed for the witness, and not for the county.
The statute allows the clerk §1 for drawing a panel of jurors for a term, but the defendant charged $3 for each panel drawn, making an excess of $16, which has been paid him. This cannot be justified in any way, and the trial court rightly held that the defendant was liable for it. The same remarks apply to items aggregating $37 for admitting jurymen to citizenship. It seems that when jurors were found in attendance who had not obtained their second papers the court was in the habit of directing, that they obtain their second papers, in order that they might act as jurors, and that in each such case the defendant charged and was allowed $1.50 for his services and certificate. The statute (sec. 747) gives him a fee of $1 on an admission to citizenship, including the certificate. The court has disallowed the sum of fifty cents in each case, which action is manifestly right. Whether the entire charge should not have been disallowed may be a serious question, but it is not before us now.
There are, however, a number of items for which judgment has been rendered against the defendant which we think were properly allowed by the county board, and for which there can be no recovery. These are:
First. The item of $84.25 for certificates issued to witnesses in criminal cases, certifying to their attendance and mileage, under sec. 4060, E. S. 1878. Sec. 747 provides that the clerk is entitled to a fee of twenty-five cents for1 every certificate, including seal. As the statute does not provide or contemplate that the witness shall pay for the certificate, and as the clerk is, under the statute, entitled to a fee of twenty-five cents therefor, it seems clear that it is a proper charge against the county.
Second. The item of $234.25 for certificates of attendance and mileage issued to jurors and court officers under secs. [278]*2782560 and 733, R. S. 1878, was also a proper charge against the county for the same reasons.
Third. The item of $22.80 for certified lists of all certificates issued by him to jurors, witnesses, ,and officers was a proper charge. Subd. 8, sec. 742, R. S. 1878, requires the clerk to keep an accurate list, in a book, of all such certificates issued bjr him, and annually transmit to the county board a certified transcript of such list for the preceding year. The original list kept by the clerk in a book is certainly a record, and we think he is entitled to compensation from the county for making this copy of one of his records, under the clause of sec. 747 which provides a fee of ten cents per folio for making a copy of “ a judgment, order, report or other paper or record.” ■
Fourth. The court allowed a recovery for excess of fees in criminal cases amounting to $81.75. It is said by the appellant that there is no evidence in the case which shows, or from which it can be ascertained, what fees the clerk was entitled to in any criminal case, and our own examination of the record confirms the statement. The county has the burden of proof, and must show by affirmative evidence the illegality of any item or items complained of, before it can recover. Ve find no proof which would entitle the trial court or this court to find that any clerk’s fees charged in criminal cases were excessive, and hence cannot say that the item was improper.
We have now considered and disposed of all the items of the recovery which are complained of by the appellant. "We have found no facts in the case which should work an estoppel as against the legal claim of the county. The action is at law. The defendant neither performed any service nor changed his position in any particular by reason of any action taken by the county. He simply performed his duties as he was by law required to do. He has in his pos[279]*279session moneys of the county to which he is not entitled, and he should refund them. • -•
An error is alleged because the court did not by the judgment dismiss the complaint as to the first'count, the demurrer to which was sustained. The supposed error is not, however, argued in the brief, and we do not feel called upon to notice it.
There will be no necessity for further proceedings in the court below. The judgment is excessive in a certain amount, viz. $423.05, with interest from the date of demand to the date of judgment, being in the aggregate $449.13. The judgment can be modified by this court, and affirmed as modified.
By the Court.— Judgment modified by deducting therefrom $449.13, and affirmed as so modified. The appellant will be entitled to tax and recover costs in this court.