1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 JUAN MANUEL GUZMAN, JR., No. 2:20–cv–0468–KJN 12 Plaintiff, ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR FEES UNDER THE EAJA 13 v. (ECF Nos. 22, 26) 14 COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL SECURITY, 15 Defendant. 16 17 Plaintiff Juan Guzman, Jr., commenced this social security action on March 2, 2020. 18 (ECF No. 1.) After plaintiff moved for summary judgment, the parties stipulated to voluntarily 19 remand for further proceedings. (ECF Nos. 16, 19.) On February 3, 2021, the court ordered the 20 stipulated relief—granting plaintiff’s motion for summary judgment and remanding the action for 21 further administrative proceedings pursuant to sentence four of 42 U.S.C. § 405(g)—and entered 22 judgment for plaintiff. (ECF Nos. 20, 21.) 23 Presently pending before the court are plaintiff’s motion and supplemental motion for 24 attorneys’ fees pursuant to the Equal Access to Justice Act (“EAJA”).1 (ECF Nos. 22. 26.) The 25 Commissioner filed an opposition to the original motion, and plaintiff filed a reply. (ECF 26 Nos. 24, 25.) After carefully considering the parties’ briefing, the court’s record, and the 27 1 This matter is before the undersigned pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636 and Local Rule 302(c)(15). 28 All parties consented to magistrate judge jurisdiction. (ECF Nos. 7, 8.) 1 applicable law, the court GRANTS plaintiff’s motions for EAJA fees. 2 “The EAJA provides for the award of attorney’s fees to a party that prevails against the 3 United States in a proceeding for review of an agency action, unless the court finds ‘that the 4 position of the United States was substantially justified or that special circumstances make an 5 award unjust.’” Costa v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 690 F.3d 1132, 1135 (9th Cir. 2012) 6 (quoting 28 U.S.C. § 2412(d)(1)(A)). 7 Here, plaintiff seeks attorneys’ fees for 38 hours spent in prosecution of the action at 8 $205.59 per hour and 2.75 hours spent on the opposed application for EAJA fees at $207.78 per 9 hour, for a total of $8,383.93.2 (ECF Nos. 22-23, 25-26.) The Commissioner does not dispute 10 that plaintiff is a prevailing party, presumably because he successfully obtained a remand for 11 further proceedings under sentence four of 42 U.S.C. § 405(g). Shalala v. Schaefer, 509 U.S. 12 292, 300-02 (1993). Nor does the Commissioner defend as substantially justified his original 13 litigation position, having conceded—after plaintiff’s summary judgment briefing—that agency 14 remand was warranted. (ECF No. 24 at 2.) Rather, the Commissioner argues that the fee 15 requested is unreasonable and urges (1) a 10% blanket reduction in fees due to “the routine nature 16 of the issues raised in this case and counsel’s experience,” plus (2) certain specific reductions to 17 eliminate fees for 1.05 hours that he argues was spent on “clerical tasks.” (Id. at 2, 5.) Overall, 18 the Commissioner advocates a reduction of about $1,000 for fees related to the case’s main 19 prosecution, and in his opposition, the Commissioner preemptively opposes an award of fees for 20 time spent on any reply brief plaintiff might (and ultimately did) file in support of the EAJA 21 application. (Id. at 6.) 22 Given the absence of substantial justification or other special circumstances making an 23 award of EAJA fees unjust, plaintiff is entitled to an award of fees pursuant to the EAJA. See 24 28 U.S.C. § 2412(d)(1)(A). The only question is how much the award should be.
25 2 Plaintiff’s April 22, 2021 application for EAJA fees is timely, because it was filed within 30 days of the court’s February 3, 2021 judgment becoming final and non-appealable. See 28 U.S.C. 26 §§ 2412(d)(1)(B) (EAJA application due “within thirty days of final judgment”), 2412(d)(2)(G) 27 (“‘final judgment’ means a judgment that is final and not appealable . . . .”); Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(1)(B) (60 days to file notice of appeal if one of the parties is the United States or a United 28 States agency, officer, or employee sued in official capacity). 1 The EAJA directs the court to award a “reasonable” fee. 28 U.S.C. § 2412(d)(2)(A). In 2 determining whether a fee is reasonable, the court considers the reasonable hourly rate, the hours 3 expended, and the results obtained. See Commissioner, INS v. Jean, 496 U.S. 154, 163 (1990); 4 Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 437 (1983); Atkins v. Apfel, 154 F.3d 986, 988 (9th Cir. 5 1998). 6 A. Hourly Rate 7 The Commissioner does not challenge plaintiff’s counsel’s hourly rates, which are at or 8 below the applicable $207.78 maximum hourly rate for EAJA fees published on the Ninth 9 Circuit’s website. See 28 U.S.C. § 2412(d)(2)(A); Thangaraja v. Gonzales, 428 F.3d 870, 876-77 10 (9th Cir. 2005); Ninth Circuit Rule 39-1.6. Plaintiff’s counsel unexplainedly uses two different 11 rates for calculating his fees, although all of his work on this case took place in 2020 and 2021, 12 which currently share the same $207.78 maximum hourly rate. The billing record counsel 13 submits in support of his application for fees related to the main prosecution confusingly shows 14 an hourly rate of $207.78 for each itemized billing entry, but then calculates the total billable 15 amount ($7,812.54) based on an hourly rate of $205.59, or more precisely (judging by the math) 16 $205.5931 per hour. (ECF No. 23.2.) As counsel’s request for $7,812.54 in fees for the main 17 prosecution of the action is based on the $205.5931 hourly rate (ECF Nos. 22 at 1 & 23.2 at 3), 18 the court makes its award for that portion based on that rate. The billing record submitted in 19 support of the application for fees related to the instant EAJA fee litigation consistently uses an 20 hourly rate of $207.78. The court therefore applies the $205.5931 hourly rate to time expended 21 on the main prosecution of plaintiff’s case, and the $207.78 hourly rate to time spent on the fee 22 litigation—and finds both reasonable. 23 B. Hours Expended 24 The Commissioner argues, first, for a 10% blanket reduction of the $7,812.54 fees sought 25 for the main prosecution, due to the “routine” nature of the case and counsel’s “extensive 26 experience” in litigating social security cases. (ECF No. 24 at 3-4.) Specifically, the 27 Commissioner challenges a billing entry for 5.2 hours that he claims were spent on “legal 28 research,” despite the issues raised being very common social security issues; and he argues that 1 the 33.9 hours spent on the summary judgment brief overall “seems particularly excessive” 2 considering counsel’s experience.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 JUAN MANUEL GUZMAN, JR., No. 2:20–cv–0468–KJN 12 Plaintiff, ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR FEES UNDER THE EAJA 13 v. (ECF Nos. 22, 26) 14 COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL SECURITY, 15 Defendant. 16 17 Plaintiff Juan Guzman, Jr., commenced this social security action on March 2, 2020. 18 (ECF No. 1.) After plaintiff moved for summary judgment, the parties stipulated to voluntarily 19 remand for further proceedings. (ECF Nos. 16, 19.) On February 3, 2021, the court ordered the 20 stipulated relief—granting plaintiff’s motion for summary judgment and remanding the action for 21 further administrative proceedings pursuant to sentence four of 42 U.S.C. § 405(g)—and entered 22 judgment for plaintiff. (ECF Nos. 20, 21.) 23 Presently pending before the court are plaintiff’s motion and supplemental motion for 24 attorneys’ fees pursuant to the Equal Access to Justice Act (“EAJA”).1 (ECF Nos. 22. 26.) The 25 Commissioner filed an opposition to the original motion, and plaintiff filed a reply. (ECF 26 Nos. 24, 25.) After carefully considering the parties’ briefing, the court’s record, and the 27 1 This matter is before the undersigned pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636 and Local Rule 302(c)(15). 28 All parties consented to magistrate judge jurisdiction. (ECF Nos. 7, 8.) 1 applicable law, the court GRANTS plaintiff’s motions for EAJA fees. 2 “The EAJA provides for the award of attorney’s fees to a party that prevails against the 3 United States in a proceeding for review of an agency action, unless the court finds ‘that the 4 position of the United States was substantially justified or that special circumstances make an 5 award unjust.’” Costa v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 690 F.3d 1132, 1135 (9th Cir. 2012) 6 (quoting 28 U.S.C. § 2412(d)(1)(A)). 7 Here, plaintiff seeks attorneys’ fees for 38 hours spent in prosecution of the action at 8 $205.59 per hour and 2.75 hours spent on the opposed application for EAJA fees at $207.78 per 9 hour, for a total of $8,383.93.2 (ECF Nos. 22-23, 25-26.) The Commissioner does not dispute 10 that plaintiff is a prevailing party, presumably because he successfully obtained a remand for 11 further proceedings under sentence four of 42 U.S.C. § 405(g). Shalala v. Schaefer, 509 U.S. 12 292, 300-02 (1993). Nor does the Commissioner defend as substantially justified his original 13 litigation position, having conceded—after plaintiff’s summary judgment briefing—that agency 14 remand was warranted. (ECF No. 24 at 2.) Rather, the Commissioner argues that the fee 15 requested is unreasonable and urges (1) a 10% blanket reduction in fees due to “the routine nature 16 of the issues raised in this case and counsel’s experience,” plus (2) certain specific reductions to 17 eliminate fees for 1.05 hours that he argues was spent on “clerical tasks.” (Id. at 2, 5.) Overall, 18 the Commissioner advocates a reduction of about $1,000 for fees related to the case’s main 19 prosecution, and in his opposition, the Commissioner preemptively opposes an award of fees for 20 time spent on any reply brief plaintiff might (and ultimately did) file in support of the EAJA 21 application. (Id. at 6.) 22 Given the absence of substantial justification or other special circumstances making an 23 award of EAJA fees unjust, plaintiff is entitled to an award of fees pursuant to the EAJA. See 24 28 U.S.C. § 2412(d)(1)(A). The only question is how much the award should be.
25 2 Plaintiff’s April 22, 2021 application for EAJA fees is timely, because it was filed within 30 days of the court’s February 3, 2021 judgment becoming final and non-appealable. See 28 U.S.C. 26 §§ 2412(d)(1)(B) (EAJA application due “within thirty days of final judgment”), 2412(d)(2)(G) 27 (“‘final judgment’ means a judgment that is final and not appealable . . . .”); Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(1)(B) (60 days to file notice of appeal if one of the parties is the United States or a United 28 States agency, officer, or employee sued in official capacity). 1 The EAJA directs the court to award a “reasonable” fee. 28 U.S.C. § 2412(d)(2)(A). In 2 determining whether a fee is reasonable, the court considers the reasonable hourly rate, the hours 3 expended, and the results obtained. See Commissioner, INS v. Jean, 496 U.S. 154, 163 (1990); 4 Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 437 (1983); Atkins v. Apfel, 154 F.3d 986, 988 (9th Cir. 5 1998). 6 A. Hourly Rate 7 The Commissioner does not challenge plaintiff’s counsel’s hourly rates, which are at or 8 below the applicable $207.78 maximum hourly rate for EAJA fees published on the Ninth 9 Circuit’s website. See 28 U.S.C. § 2412(d)(2)(A); Thangaraja v. Gonzales, 428 F.3d 870, 876-77 10 (9th Cir. 2005); Ninth Circuit Rule 39-1.6. Plaintiff’s counsel unexplainedly uses two different 11 rates for calculating his fees, although all of his work on this case took place in 2020 and 2021, 12 which currently share the same $207.78 maximum hourly rate. The billing record counsel 13 submits in support of his application for fees related to the main prosecution confusingly shows 14 an hourly rate of $207.78 for each itemized billing entry, but then calculates the total billable 15 amount ($7,812.54) based on an hourly rate of $205.59, or more precisely (judging by the math) 16 $205.5931 per hour. (ECF No. 23.2.) As counsel’s request for $7,812.54 in fees for the main 17 prosecution of the action is based on the $205.5931 hourly rate (ECF Nos. 22 at 1 & 23.2 at 3), 18 the court makes its award for that portion based on that rate. The billing record submitted in 19 support of the application for fees related to the instant EAJA fee litigation consistently uses an 20 hourly rate of $207.78. The court therefore applies the $205.5931 hourly rate to time expended 21 on the main prosecution of plaintiff’s case, and the $207.78 hourly rate to time spent on the fee 22 litigation—and finds both reasonable. 23 B. Hours Expended 24 The Commissioner argues, first, for a 10% blanket reduction of the $7,812.54 fees sought 25 for the main prosecution, due to the “routine” nature of the case and counsel’s “extensive 26 experience” in litigating social security cases. (ECF No. 24 at 3-4.) Specifically, the 27 Commissioner challenges a billing entry for 5.2 hours that he claims were spent on “legal 28 research,” despite the issues raised being very common social security issues; and he argues that 1 the 33.9 hours spent on the summary judgment brief overall “seems particularly excessive” 2 considering counsel’s experience. (Id.) These are the only arguments asserted in support of the 3 Commissioner’s requested 10% reduction, and they are unpersuasive. 4 The undersigned rejected precisely the same routine-case-with-experienced-counsel 5 argument in Hicks v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 2019 WL 2537953, at *2-3 (E.D. Cal. June 20, 2019), 6 report and recommendation adopted, 2019 WL 3530386 (E.D. Cal. Aug. 2, 2019). As explained 7 there, “the expertise of plaintiff’s counsel does not make the hours expended unreasonable. 8 Social security cases are fact-intensive and require a careful application of the law to the 9 testimony and documentary evidence, which must be reviewed and discussed in considerable 10 detail.” Id. at *2 (quoting Patterson v. Apfel, 99 F. Supp. 2d 1212, 1213 (C.D. Cal. 2000)). 11 Plaintiff’s counsel dutifully broke out the 33-plus hours spent preparing and drafting the summary 12 judgment motion. Of those hours, at least 20 were spent reviewing and summarizing the more 13 than 800 pages of medical and treatment records in the administrative transcript, which was just 14 shy of 2,000 pages overall. (ECF No. 23.2 at 2.) Although the summary judgment brief was not 15 terribly long, at 18 pages, it was “detailed and thorough” and persuasive enough to convince the 16 Commissioner to offer to voluntarily remand the case. (See ECF No. 16 (MSJ); ECF No. 23.2 17 at 3 (referencing defendant’s offer for voluntary remand).) Hicks, 2019 WL 2537953, at *2 18 (rejecting Commissioner’s assertion that counsel’s experience justified a fee reduction in fact- 19 intensive social security action). Federal courts ‘routinely’ reject the “routine” social security 20 case argument in EAJA fee disputes. See Costa, 690 F.3d at 1134 n.1 (“[T]he term ‘routine’ is a 21 bit of a misnomer as social security disability cases are often highly fact-intensive and require 22 careful review of the administrative record, including complex medical evidence.”). And the fact 23 that counsel did not represent plaintiff at the administrative level further justifies the admittedly 24 large number of hours spent reviewing the record and preparing the motion. See Kirk v. 25 Berryhill, 244 F. Supp. 3d 1077, 1083 (E.D. Cal. 2017) (reasoning that more-than-average 26 number of hours on merits briefing was explained by new counsel needing to become familiar 27 with the case’s 1,071-page administrative transcript containing 700-plus pages of medical 28 records). Simply put, the Commissioner’s conclusory opinion regarding the difficulty of the case 1 and plaintiff’s counsel’s experience level fails to demonstrate that plaintiff’s fee request is 2 unreasonable. See Hicks, 2019 WL 2537953, at *3 (“Fundamentally, ‘[t]he party opposing the 3 fee application has a burden of rebuttal that requires submission of evidence to the district court 4 challenging the accuracy and reasonableness of the hours charged or the facts asserted by the 5 prevailing party in its submitted affidavits.’” (quoting Gates v. Deukmejian, 987 F.2d 1392, 6 1397-98 (9th Cir. 1992))). 7 As to the contested 5.2 hours supposedly spent purely on “legal research” (ECF No. 24 8 at 3), plaintiff’s counsel’s billing record shows this time was actually recorded for “Draft[ing] 9 plaintiff’s motion for summary judgment; associated legal and medical research in connection 10 with same.” (ECF No. 23.2 at 2.) The Commissioner’s mischaracterization of the billing record 11 does not persuade the court that plaintiff’s counsel spent his time unreasonably. 12 The Commissioner’s second argument to reduce the requested fees is that plaintiff’s 13 counsel impermissibly seeks EAJA fees for 1.05 hours of time purportedly spent on what the 14 Commissioner describes as “clerical tasks.” (ECF No. 24 at 4-5.) The Commissioner identifies 15 six billing entries that supposedly count time that is not compensable under the EAJA, and he 16 argues for a reduction of $218.17 on this basis. (Id. at 5.) Because most of the contested billing 17 entries include work typically attributable to an attorney, the court declines to order this requested 18 deduction. 19 “Hours that are not properly billed to one’s client also are not properly billed to one’s 20 adversary pursuant to statutory authority.” Hensley, 461 U.S.at 434 (cleaned up). And the 21 Commissioner is correct as a matter of law that plaintiff cannot seek reimbursement at an attorney 22 rate for purely clerical tasks. See Neil v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 495 F. App’x 845, 847 (9th Cir. 23 2012). However, for the most part, the contested entries the Commissioner identifies are not 24 purely clerical tasks. Half of the contested entries relate to counsel’s correspondence with his 25 client, which the undersigned does not view as clerical in nature. See Shah v. Comm’r of Soc. 26 Sec., No. 2:19-CV-01184-KJN, 2020 WL 5891576, at *3 (E.D. Cal. Oct. 5, 2020). (ECF 27 No. 23.2, entries dated 3/2/20, 8/24/20, 12/18/20.) The detailed billing descriptions do not 28 support the Commissioner’s characterization that counsel was simply “forwarding documents to 1 Plaintiff.” (ECF No. 24 at 5.) The one entry that refers to “forward[ing]” a document does so in 2 claiming 0.2 hours to review the court’s final judgment, to send it to the plaintiff and the 3 administrative attorney, and to e-mail the administrative attorney about issues on remand when 4 handing off the case. (ECF No. 23.2, entry dated 2/3/21.) This does not describe a clerical task. 5 Nor, for the most part, does the billing entry for 0.3 hours to receive the Commissioner’s 6 appearance and magistrate judge consent, review the court’s scheduling order and COVID-related 7 stay order, research stays, and leave a voicemail for the plaintiff. (Id., entry dated 6/22/20.) See 8 Shah, 2020 WL 5891576, at *3 (declining to deduct from challenged entries that included review 9 of substantive documents, including scheduling order). 10 The court could deduct fractions of fractions of billable hours for some of the tasks 11 described in plaintiff’s counsel’s billing record. For instance, one of the six tasks identified by 12 the Commissioner includes a non-attorney component: counsel’s request for $10.39 for 0.05 13 hours spent preparing “plaintiff’s magistrate consent form to file.” (Id., entry dated 6/24/20.) See 14 Kirk, 244 F. Supp. 3d at 1084 (completing and filing magistrate judge consent form “could have 15 been completed by experienced support staff”). In independently reviewing the billing record, the 16 court identifies another such task, which the Commissioner neglects: counsel’s request for 17 $10.39 for 0.05 hours spent preparing the social security complaint. (ECF No. 23.2, entry dated 18 3/2/20.) See Kirk, 244 F. Supp. 3d at 1084 & n.3 (drafting and filing complaint, which is 19 boilerplate in social security cases, could be done by non-lawyer). And one of the entries 20 addressed above includes time spent preparing plaintiff’s IFP application, which could likewise 21 be performed by an experienced assistant. (ECF No. 23.2, entry dated 3/2/20.) See Reyna v. 22 Astrue, 2011 WL 6100609, at * 2 (E.D. Cal. Dec. 6, 2011). 23 However, even documents that can be prepared by support staff will require attorney 24 review before filing; and in this case, the court declines to spend further judicial resources 25 dividing the already appropriately minimal 0.05 hours (3 minutes) recorded for tasks like the 26 complaint and consent filings to reflect only the time spent on “review” of those documents. Cf. 27 Kirk, 244 F. Supp. 3d at 1084 (reducing 2.5 hours claimed for clerical tasks to 1.5 hours because 28 “counsel would necessarily spend time reviewing such documents before their submission”). For 1 the two challenged entries that describe both clerical tasks and attorney-attributable work, the 2 court also opts not to carve out the fractions of time spent preparing (as opposed to reviewing) the 3 IFP application and receiving the Commissioner’s notice of appearance and magistrate judge 4 consent from the otherwise entirely appropriate requests for 0.3 hours of fees for reviewing the 5 court’s orders and communicating with the plaintiff. (See ECF No. 23.2, entries dated 3/2/20 & 6 6/22/20.) The court finds the time spent by plaintiff’s counsel to be reasonable and thus overrules 7 the Commissioner’s objections. 8 C. Results Obtained 9 Finally, given that plaintiff obtained a favorable judgment remanding the case for further 10 administrative proceedings, the court concludes that the requested amount of fees is consistent 11 with the result obtained. See Hensley, 461 U.S. at 435 (“Where a plaintiff has obtained excellent 12 results, his attorney should recover a fully compensatory fee.”). 13 Therefore, the court awards plaintiff EAJA attorneys’ fees in the amount of $8,383.93 14 ($7812.54 (38 hours x $205.5931/hr) + $571.39 (2.75 hours x $207.78/hr) = $8,383.93). This 15 includes the amount requested in counsel’s supplemental EAJA fee motion (ECF No. 26-26.2) for 16 time spent litigating the fee dispute, that is: bringing the EAJA motion, reviewing the 17 Commissioner’s opposition, and drafting plaintiff’s reply. The court finds the time expended 18 replying to the Commissioner’s opposition to be reasonable, and rejects the Commissioner’s 19 invitation to deny counsel any fee for the reply brief. See Atkins v. Apfel, 154 F.3d 986, 989 (9th 20 Cir. 1998) (under EAJA, reasonable time spent litigating fees is compensable); Garcia v. Colvin, 21 2013 WL 5347494, at *6 (E.D. Cal. Sept. 23, 2013) (finding “no reason to reduce the time 22 expended by Plaintiff’s counsel in reviewing the Commissioner’s opposition and drafting a reply 23 brief”). 24 The court notes that plaintiff executed an assignment of EAJA fees to plaintiff’s counsel. 25 (ECF No. 23.1.) However, the EAJA award must be made by this court to plaintiff, and not to 26 counsel. See Astrue v. Ratliff, 560 U.S. 586 (2010). Nevertheless, if the government determines 27 /// 28 /// 1 | that plaintiff does not owe a federal debt that qualifies for offset, payment may be made in the 2 || name of plaintiff's attorney. 3 ORDER 4 Accordingly, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that: 5 1. Plaintiff's motion and supplemental motion for attorneys’ fees under the EAJA (ECF 6 Nos. 22, 26) are GRANTED; and 7 2. Plaintiff is awarded attorneys’ fees in the total amount of $8,383.93 pursuant to the 8 EAJA. If the government determines that plaintiff does not owe a federal debt that 9 qualifies for offset, payment may be made in the name of plaintiff's attorney. 10 Dated: June 21, 2021 Aectl Aharon 12 KENDALL J.NE UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 13 14 guzm.0468 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28