Springdale v. Tri-Cty. Commons Assocs., L.L.C.

2017 Ohio 8380

• Court: Ohio Court of Appeals
• Decided: November 1, 2017
• Docket: C-160922
• Status: Published

Opinion

[Cite as Springdale v. Tri-Cty. Commons Assocs., L.L.C., 2017-Ohio-8380.] IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO

CITY OF SPRINGDALE, OHIO, : APPEAL NO. C-160922 TRIAL NO. A-1504892 Plaintiff-Appellee, : O P I N I O N. vs. :

TRI-COUNTY : COMMONS ASSOCIATES, LLC.,

Defendant-Appellant. :

Civil Appeal From: Hamilton County Court of Common Pleas

Judgment Appealed From Is: Reversed and Cause Remanded

Date of Judgment Entry on Appeal: November 1, 2017

Wood & Lamping, LLP, and Jeffrey D. Forbes for Plaintiff-Appellee,

Graydon, Head & Ritchey, LLP, Harry J. Finke IV, and Lisa C. Diedrichs for Defendant-Appellant. OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS

M ILLER , Judge.

{¶1} Today we face the question of whether a fence is a fence if it is on top of

a building in the city of Springdale. After a careful review of Springdale’s zoning code,

we conclude that it is not.

{¶2} Tri-County Commons Associates, Inc., (“TCCA”) appeals the summary

judgment entry declaring TCCA to be in violation of the city of Springdale’s zoning

regulation prohibiting the use of razor wire fences, and ordering TCCA to remove razor

wire barriers from the rooftops of two of its buildings. Because the razor wire barriers

do not fit the definition of “fence” in the Springdale zoning code, we reverse.

Facts

{¶3} The facts in this case are undisputed. TCCA owns commercial real estate

in Springdale, including a building that formerly housed a Walmart store. In response

to vandals who were climbing onto Walmart’s roof and stripping the rooftop HVAC

units’ condenser coils, TCCA installed a razor wire barrier on the back and sides of

Walmart’s roof. It constructed a similar barrier on another building in the same

general area.

{¶4} Springdale’s Building Department notified TCCA that razor wire was

prohibited by Springdale Zoning Code 158.482(C)(2). TCCA responded by letter,

explaining that the razor wire “fence” was necessary to protect its property, and did not

remove it. Springdale then formally charged TCCA with a zoning code violation, and

ordered TCCA to remove the razor wire. TCCA refused.

{¶5} Thereafter, Springdale filed suit against TCCA. Springdale moved the

trial court for a declaration that TCCA was in violation of the zoning regulation

prohibiting razor wire fences, and requested that the court order TCCA to remove the

razor wire from the rooftops of it buildings. Following cross-motions for summary

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judgment, the trial court entered judgment in favor of Springdale. This appeal

followed.

{¶6} In one assignment of error, TCCA contends that the trial court erred

when it denied its motion for summary judgment and granted Springdale’s. We agree.

Standard of Review

{¶7} We review the granting of summary judgment de novo. Grafton v.

Ohio Edison Co., 77 Ohio St.3d 102, 105, 671 N.E.2d 241 (1996). Summary judgment

is appropriate when (1) there is no genuine issue of material fact, (2) the moving

party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law, and (3) the evidence, when viewed in

favor of the nonmoving party, permits only one reasonable conclusion and that

conclusion is adverse to the nonmoving party. Civ.R. 56(C); Grafton; State ex rel.

Howard v. Ferreri, 70 Ohio St.3d 587, 589, 639 N.E.2d 1189 (1994). Because the

facts in this case are not in dispute, we focus on the second prong of this test.

The Zoning Code does not Prohibit the Razor Wire Barriers

{¶8} Zoning regulations are in derogation of the common law and deprive a

land owner of certain uses of his land to which he would otherwise be entitled.

Saunders v. Clark Cty. Zoning Dept., 66 Ohio St.2d 259, 261, 421 N.E.2d 152 (1981);

Greenacres Found. v. Bd. of Bldg. Appeals, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-120131, 2012-

Ohio-4784, ¶ 10. We therefore strictly construe such regulations in favor of the

property owner, and their scope cannot be enlarged to include limitations not clearly

set forth. Id.

{¶9} In pertinent part, Springdale Zoning Code 158.482(C)(2), entitled

“FENCES, WALLS AND HEDGES,” provides that “fences * * * are permitted in all

districts, subject to the following conditions: * * * (C) * * * Razor wire shall be

prohibited.” “Fence” is defined as “a man-made yard structure which forms or which

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has the intended purpose to form a barrier to light, sound, wind, snow, animals,

vehicles, or pedestrians.” Springfield Zoning Code 153.014. The definition of “yard” is

“[t]hat portion of the open area on a lot extending between a building and the nearest

lot line.” Springfield Zoning Code 153.014.

{¶10} Here, it is undisputed that TCCA installed the razor wire barriers on the

top of buildings it owned. Under the plain language of Springdale’s zoning code, razor

wire may not be used as a “fence.” A “fence” is specifically defined as a “yard structure,”

and “yard” is defined in the zoning code as “open area on a lot extending between a

building and the nearest lot line.” So, in the city of Springdale, only razor wire fences

that are yard structures are prohibited. The code does not prohibit razor wire on

rooftops.

{¶11} Springdale argues that because TCCA referred to the razor wire barrier

as a “fence” in its letter to the Springdale Building Department, TCCA has admitted that

the razor wire barrier is a “fence.” But TCCA’s colloquial use of “fence” is irrelevant.

The definition of “fence” set forth in the zoning code—not a lay person’s choice of words

in a letter—controls. See Montgomery Cty. Bd. of Commrs. v. Pub. Util. Comm., 28

Ohio St.3d 171, 175, 503 N.E.2d 167 (1986), citing Ohio Civ. Rights Comm. v. Parklawn

Manor, 41 Ohio St.2d 47, 50, 322 N.E.2d 642 (1975) (holding that “the General

Assembly’s own construction of its language, as provided by definitions, controls in the

application of a statute.”).

{¶12} Springdale next contends that Springdale Zoning Code 153.012(C)

applies to prohibit the use of the razor wire barriers on the rooftops of TCCA’s

buildings. That section states that “in the interpretation of this code, if a use within

this code is not specifically permitted, it shall be prohibited.” The zoning code

defines “use” as “[a]ny purpose for which buildings, other structures or land may be

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arranged, designed, intended, maintained, or occupied; or any activity conducted in

a building * * * .” Springdale Zoning Code 153.041. A razor wire barrier is not a

“use.” The “use” of the buildings is commercial, regardless of the existence of the

razor wire. This argument is therefore off-point.

Conclusion

{¶13} We sustain TCCA’s sole assignment of error. The trial court’s

judgment is reversed, and this cause is remanded with instructions to the trial court

to enter judgment in favor of TCCA. Judgment reversed and cause remanded.

Z AYAS , P.J., and D ETERS , J., concur.

Please note: The court has recorded its own entry on the date of the release of this opinion.