Specific Systems of Tulsa, Inc. v. American Bank & Trust Co.

2002 OK CIV APP 59, 51 P.3d 1228, 73 O.B.A.J. 1587, 2002 Okla. Civ. App. LEXIS 39, 2002 WL 926947
CourtCourt of Civil Appeals of Oklahoma
DecidedFebruary 5, 2002
DocketNo. 96,611
StatusPublished

This text of 2002 OK CIV APP 59 (Specific Systems of Tulsa, Inc. v. American Bank & Trust Co.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Civil Appeals of Oklahoma primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Specific Systems of Tulsa, Inc. v. American Bank & Trust Co., 2002 OK CIV APP 59, 51 P.3d 1228, 73 O.B.A.J. 1587, 2002 Okla. Civ. App. LEXIS 39, 2002 WL 926947 (Okla. Ct. App. 2002).

Opinion

Opinion by

JOE C. TAYLOR, Presiding Judge:

¶ 1 Plaintiff, Specific Systems of Tulsa, Inc., appeals the trial court’s order denying Plaintiffs motion for reconsideration or new trial following the court’s grant of a motion to dismiss filed by Defendant, American Bank & Trust Co. (Bank). Based on our review of the record and the applicable law, we reverse and remand for further proceedings.

¶ 2 The basic underlying facts are not disputed. Plaintiff filed an action against Defendant in April 1994 (“the Í994 action”) alleging breach of a 1991 contract between the parties.1 In September 1999, the 1994 action was dismissed without prejudice, for lack of prosecution. Pursuant to 12 O.S.1991 § 100, Plaintiff filed a new action against Defendant in August 2000 (within a year of [1229]*1229dismissal of the 1994 action). Between the time the 1994 action was filed and dismissed, however, Plaintiffs right to do business in the state was suspended, pursuant to 68 O.S. 1991 § 1212, for failure to pay franchise taxes. The statute of limitations on its breach of contract claim also expired.

¶ 3 Plaintiffs right to do business as a corporation was still suspended at the time it filed this action in 2000. The suspended status formed the basis for a motion to dismiss filed by Bank in April 2001,2 claiming that Plaintiff lacked the capacity to bring the action, and that the statute of limitations had expired on its claim. In its response to Bank’s motion, Plaintiff submitted a “Certificate of Reinstatement” from the Oklahoma Secretary of State, demonstrating that the corporation had paid all back taxes and fees, and had had its right to do business reinstated pursuant to 68 O.S.1991 § 1212(f). The trial court thereafter denied Bank’s motion to dismiss. Bank moved for reconsideration of the denial, arguing that Plaintiffs suspension from being able to legally file an action under Oklahoma law at the time the one-year savings period of 12 O.S.1991 § 100 expired barred Plaintiff permanently from being able to “revive” its claim on which the statute of limitations had run. The trial court agreed with Bank and granted the motion to reconsider, dismissing Plaintiffs claim.

¶4 Plaintiff then moved for reconsideration, which the trial court denied. Plaintiff timely perfected this appeal, asserting the court’s dismissal was legally erroneous and an abuse of discretion.

¶ 5 Under 12 O.S.1991 § 100, if a plaintiff timely files an action and the action is dismissed “otherwise than upon the merits,” the plaintiff may commence a new action within one year after the dismissal even though “the time limit for commencing the action shall have expired before the new action is filed.” This statute, sometimes called a “savings statute,” has been described as acting’ to “extend the statutorily-established limitations period” for filing common law and statutory actions. Grider v. USX Corp., 1993 OK 13, ¶ 6, 847 P.2d 779, 783; see also Cruse v. Bd. of County Comm’rs of Atoka County, 1995 OK 143, 910 P.2d 998.

¶ 6 In Matter of the Estate of Speake, 1987 OK 61, ¶ 6, 743 P.2d 648, 650, the Supreme Court described the effect of § 100 as follows: “A lawsuit timely filed when brought but later dismissed on grounds unrelated to the merits of the controversy falls within the ameliorative relief affordable under the terms of 12 O.S.1981 § 100. The refiling, if effécted in conformity to the terms of § 100, relates the time of the action’s commencement back to the date the petition was brought originally.” (Footnotes and emphasis omitted.) . The Court also has held that § 100 is a remedial statute that is “to be liberally construed.” Valley Vista Dev. Corp. v. City of Broken Arrow, 1988 OK 140, ¶ 14, 766 P.2d 344, 349.

¶ 7 The Supreme Court also has been liberal in applying the reinstatement provisions of 68 O.S.1991 § 1212, which contemplate revival and reinstatement of a suspended corporation’s charter, including its right to bring or defend suits seeking affirmative relief once it pays back franchise taxes. The Court has recognized that § 1212(c) has a retroactive, or “relation back,” component that applies to the right to bring or defend an action, and that “[o]nce the taxes have been paid and the corporation reinstated, the purpose behind section 1212 has been met and no further penalty should be imposed.” Corman v. H-30 Drilling, Inc., 2001 OK 92, ¶¶ 8-9, 40 P.3d 1051, 1054 (internal quotation marks omitted). The Court has further noted that the purpose of § 1212(c) is “to encourage taxpayers to pay their franchise taxes, hot to trap them into losing their rights to defend lawsuits.” Id. at ¶ 9.

¶ 8 In Corman the Court reversed a trial court decision that prohibited a suspended corporation from defending without first giving it an opportunity to pay its back franchise taxes. Holding that the trial court’s decision was constitutionally infirm, the Supreme Court further held that a suspended [1230]*1230corporate defendant should be given a “reasonable opportunity” to pay its franchise taxes, “but if it does not do so at the first opportunity after the fact of its non-payment has been raised in a lawsuit, its right to pay them should be deemed to have been waived.” Id. at ¶ 20.

¶ 9 Applying these decisions to the ease at bar, we find the trial court committed error of law when it dismissed Plaintiffs suit after the corporation demonstrated it had reinstated its corporate charter by paying its franchise taxes. The record reflects Plaintiff originally filed its action in 1994 at a time when its charter was not suspended3 and it had the capacity to sue. Under the reasoning of Estate of Speake, Plaintiffs action filed in 2000 relates back in time to the date when the case originally was filed, when the corporation clearly had the “capacity to sue” and the right to bring the action, irrespective of its later suspension. Although its failure to thereafter pay its taxes may have deprived it of the right to continue prosecuting the ease as 'long as the- taxes were not paid, the general tenor and reasoning of. the Oklahoma Supreme Court eases which have dealt with this subject lead us to conclude that Plaintiffs action of paying the taxes and obtaining reinstatement immediately upon the issue being raised in the ease cured its later incapacity to sue, even though reinstatement occurred after the commencement of the new action and after the limitations period had expired. In this regard, see Amman Food & Liquor, Inc. v. Heritage Insurance Co., 65 Ill.App.3d 140, 22 Ill.Dec. 242, 382 N.E.2d 562 (1978), and York & York Construction Co. v. Alexander, 296 A.2d 710 (D.C.Ct.App.1972), both of which allowed reinstatement to relate back so as to preserve an action filed by a suspended corporation during the limitations period.

¶ 10 The rationale of the court in Amman is particularly consistent with the policies expressed by the Oklahoma Supreme Court concerning suspension for failure to pay franchise taxes. There, the Illinois court found that the comparable portion of the state’s Business Corporation Act “is a measure designed to encourage payment of taxes,” and that the measure is “coercive rather than punitive in character because it contemplates routine reinstatement of ...

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

Valley Vista Development Corp. v. City of Broken Arrow
1988 OK 140 (Supreme Court of Oklahoma, 1988)
Bethlehem Steel Corp. v. Giese
1984 OK 28 (Supreme Court of Oklahoma, 1984)
Northwest Datsun v. Oklahoma Motor Vehicle Commission
1987 OK 31 (Supreme Court of Oklahoma, 1987)
Cruse v. Board of County Commissioners
1995 OK 143 (Supreme Court of Oklahoma, 1995)
Amman Food & Liquor, Inc. v. Heritage Insurance
382 N.E.2d 562 (Appellate Court of Illinois, 1978)
Sade Shoe Co., Inc. v. Oschin & Snyder
217 Cal. App. 3d 1509 (California Court of Appeal, 1990)
Benton v. County of Napa
226 Cal. App. 3d 1485 (California Court of Appeal, 1991)
York & York Construction Co. v. Alexander
296 A.2d 710 (District of Columbia Court of Appeals, 1972)
Corman v. H-30 Drilling, Inc.
2001 OK 92 (Supreme Court of Oklahoma, 2002)
Matter of Estate of Speake
1987 OK 61 (Supreme Court of Oklahoma, 1987)
Grider v. USX Corp.
1993 OK 13 (Supreme Court of Oklahoma, 1993)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
2002 OK CIV APP 59, 51 P.3d 1228, 73 O.B.A.J. 1587, 2002 Okla. Civ. App. LEXIS 39, 2002 WL 926947, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/specific-systems-of-tulsa-inc-v-american-bank-trust-co-oklacivapp-2002.