Snyder v. Eno, et al.

Opinion

Snyder v. Eno, et al. CV-92-287-M 08/26/98 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

DISTRICT OF NEW HAMPSHIRE

Jennifer Snyder,

Plaintiff

v. Civil No. 92-287-M

Michael Eno, Brian Erskine, Brian Adams, Mascoma Valley Regional School District, SAU #62, SAU #32, David Miller, John Carr, Daniel Whitaker, William Bellion, Terri Pelletier, Richard Bresset, and Patricia Rocke,

Defendants

O R D E R

Plaintiff filed this action seeking damages under 42 U.S.C.

§ 1983, Title IX of the 1972 Educational Amendments, and New

Hampshire common law, claiming that she had been physically and

emotionally abused by her former teachers. In her papers,

plaintiff identified three categories of defendants: the first

included the teachers/coaches who allegedly assaulted and

tormented her; the second included those other faculty members

who were allegedly aware of the abuse, but failed to act; and the

third included the school district itself and its administrators.

The factual and procedural background to this action are

discussed in detail in the court's prior rulings and need not be

recited again. See Snvder v. Eno, No. 92-287-M, slip op. (D.N.H.

March 26, 1998); Snvder v. Eno, No. 92-287-M, slip op. (D.N.H.

Sept. 30, 1997). Presently pending before the court are plaintiff's motion to reconsider the court's order dated March

26, 1998 and defendant Eno's motion for reconsideration and/or

clarification of that same order.

I. Plaintiff's Motion to Reconsider.

The court previously dismissed, as barred by the statute of

limitations, plaintiff's claims as to the non-abusing faculty

members, the school administrators, and the institutional

defendants. It conditionally dismissed plaintiff's claims

against Eno and Adams, but afforded plaintiff the opportunity to

submit a motion for reconsideration in which she fully developed

her claim that Eno and Adams were eguitably estopped to assert

the statute of limitations as an affirmative defense. After all

parties had submitted memoranda on the issue, the court concluded

that Eno and Adams were eguitably estopped to assert the statute

of limitations and granted plaintiff's motion to reinstate her

complaint with regard to those two defendants. Plaintiff's

reguest that the court reinstate her complaint with regard to all

other defendants was, however, denied.

In her motion to reconsider, plaintiff asserts that the

court erred in refusing to reinstate her complaint against the

institutional defendants. She frames the issue presently before

the court as follows:

whether defendants MVRSD, SAU #32 and SAU #62 are entitled to the protection of the statute of limitations on a strict liability claim when the

2 actors, for whose unlawful abuse they are strictly liable, are estopped from asserting the statute of limitations as an affirmative defense.

Plaintiff's memorandum (document no. 255) at 2. Plaintiff then

goes on to assert that, "When guid pro guo harassment occurs

educational institutions are strictly liable [under Title IX] for

damages resulting therefrom." Id.

Plaintiff's interpretation of the governing law is, however,

incorrect. As the Supreme Court recently held:

a damages remedy will not lie under Title IX unless an official who at a minimum has authority to address the alleged discrimination and to institute corrective measures on the recipient's behalf has actual knowledge of the discrimination in the recipient's programs and fails adeguately to respond.

We think, moreover, that the response must amount to deliberate indifference to discrimination. . . . Under a lower standard, there would be a risk that the recipient would be liable in damages not for its own official decision but instead for its employees' independent actions.

Gebser v. Lago Vista Indep. School Dist., 118 U.S. 1989, 1999

(1998) (emphasis supplied). Notwithstanding plaintiff's

assertions to the contrary, it is clear that the institutional

and "non-abusing" defendants are not strictly liable under Title

IX for the alleged misconduct of Eno and Adams. It is egually

well established that, under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, the institutional

and non-abusing defendants are not "strictly liable" (under a

respondeat superior theory of liability) for the conduct of Eno

and Adams. See, e.g., Monell v. Dept, of Social Services, 436

3 U.S. 658 (1978). Accordingly, the relief requested in

plaintiff's motion to reconsider (document no. 255) is denied.

II. Defendant Eno's Motion to Reconsider.

In his motion to reconsider, Michael Eno asserts that the

court erred in concluding that he was equitably estopped to

assert the statute of limitations. Specifically, Eno alleges

that plaintiff failed to put forth adequate evidence of

threatening conduct on his part. Additionally, he claims that

the filing of plaintiff's complaint approximately two years after

the last of Eno's alleged threats was objectively unreasonable.

The court disagrees and, for the reasons set forth in its order

dated March 26, 1998, at 9-14, Eno's motion is denied to the

extent that it seeks an order dismissing all plaintiff's claims

against him as barred by the statute of limitations. Defendants

Eno and Adams are, however, granted leave to resubmit any

dispositive motions that were rendered moot by the court's order

dated September 30, 1997.1

Conclusion

For the foregoing reasons, the relief requested in

plaintiff's motion for reconsideration (document no. 255) is

1 Because the court conditionally granted Eno's original motion to dismiss on statute of limitations grounds, it did not address the merits of Eno's other asserted grounds for judgment as a matter of law. In light of the fact that plaintiff's claims against both Eno and Adams have been reinstated, those defendants may resubmit their earlier dispositive motions, amending and/or supplementing them as they deem appropriate.

4 denied. Similarly, the relief requested in defendant Eno's

motion for reconsideration (document no. 257) is denied to the

extent that it seeks dismissal of all pending claims against Eno

as barred by the statute of limitations. Defendants Eno and

Adams are, however, granted leave to review or file additional

dispositive motions.

SO ORDERED

Steven J. McAuliffe United States District Judge

August 26, 1998

cc: Edward M. Van Dorn, Jr., Esq. Kenneth G. Bouchard, Esq. Brian Adams Thomas H. Trunzo, Jr., Esq.