Smith v. Smith (In re Smith)

229 B.R. 792, 41 Collier Bankr. Cas. 2d 651, 1998 Bankr. LEXIS 1798
CourtUnited States Bankruptcy Court, E.D. California
DecidedDecember 30, 1998
DocketBankruptcy No. 97-26738-B-7; Adversary No. 97-2634
StatusPublished

This text of 229 B.R. 792 (Smith v. Smith (In re Smith)) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering United States Bankruptcy Court, E.D. California primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Smith v. Smith (In re Smith), 229 B.R. 792, 41 Collier Bankr. Cas. 2d 651, 1998 Bankr. LEXIS 1798 (Cal. 1998).

Opinion

MEMORANDUM DECISION

MICHAEL S. MeMANUS, Bankruptcy Judge.

A trial of this adversary matter was held on August 28, 1998. Plaintiff Carol S. Smith appeared with Dennis K. Cowan, Esq., and debtor and defendant William Roy Smith appeared with Byron Lee Lynch, Esq. Having considered the evidence and written and oral arguments, as well as the proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law lodged on November 25, 1998, the court concludes the obligations of the debtor to the plaintiff are nondischargeable in bankruptcy.

I. Facts

The parties are separated spouses. Prior to the filing of the debtor’s chapter 7 petition, the superior court entered a judgment of legal separation on January 6, 1997. That judgment also preliminarily divided the community property of the parties. The debtor received most of the community property, including the former marital home located at [794]*79412124 East Stillwater, Redding, California (the “residence”), and was ordered to pay to the plaintiff an equalizing payment of $58,-058.19.

The award of the residence to the debtor, however, was expressly contingent upon the equalizing payment being paid to the plaintiff. Until paid, record title remained in the name of both parties. If not paid, the superi- or court retained jurisdiction to compel a sale of the residence.

The superior court found that the residence was worth $190,000.00, and that it was subject to secured debt of $106,147.24. There is no evidence that these amounts have changed significantly.

To date, the residence remains in the name of both parties, the debtor lives in the residence, and the equalizing payment is unpaid. The superior court has taken no further action because of the imposition of the automatic stay occasioned by the filing the chapter 7 petition on May 2,1997.

The debtor claimed a homestead exemption in the residence in the amount of $69,-588.56 under California Code of Civil Procedure § 704.710 et seq. No objection to the exemption was filed by the plaintiff or any other party in interest. The time to file objections has expired.

The plaintiff filed a timely dischargeability complaint under 11 U.S.C. § 523(a)(5) and (a)(15). The debtor does not dispute that an obligation to pay $1,500.00 on account of the plaintiffs attorney’s fees incurred in the separation proceeding is nondischargeable under 11 U.S.C. § 523(a)(5).

II. Discussion

The controversy in this proceeding is whether the $58,058.19 equalizing payment is nondischargeable under 11 U.S.C. § 523(a)(15). Section 523(a)(15) provides:

(a) A discharge under section 727 ... of this title does not discharge an individual debtor from any debt—
(15) not of the kind described in paragraph (5) that is incurred by the debtor in the course of a divorce or separation or in connection with a separation agreement, divorce decree or other order of a court of record, a determination made in accordance with State or territorial law by a governmental unit unless—
(A) the debtor does not have the ability to pay such debt from income or property of the debtor not reasonably necessary to be expended for the maintenance or support of the debtor or a dependent of the debtor and, if the debtor is engaged in a business, for the payment of expenditures necessary for the continuation, preservation, and operation of such business; or
(B) discharging such debt would result in a benefit to the debtor that outweighs the detrimental consequences to a spouse, former spouse, or child of the debtor.

A.

The plaintiff has met her burden of proof under section 523(a)(15). She has established that the $58,058.19 is a nonsupport obligation incurred in connection with a legal separation from her spouse. Samayoa v. Jodoin (In re Jodoin), 196 B.R. 845, 852-54 (Bankr.E.D.Cal.1996), affirmed, 209 B.R. 132 (9th Cir. BAP 1997).

B.

Absent proof by the debtor that he either cannot afford to pay the $58,058.19 or, if he can afford to pay it, that the benefit of a bankruptcy discharge to him outweighs its detrimental consequences to the plaintiff, the equalizing payment is nondischargeable. Id. The debtor has not met this burden.

1.

The debtor is employed as a logging truck driver. He normally works approximately six months per year and draws unemployment benefits for the rest of the year. His average net income, including unemployment benefits, is approximately $1,875.00 per month. His living expenses average approximately $1,972.00 per month. Were the [795]*795debtor a chapter 13 debtor, the court would conclude that he had no disposable income within the meaning of 11 U.S.C. § 1325(b). Cf. Armstrong v. Armstrong (In re Armstrong), 205 B.R. 386, 392 (Bankr.W.D.Tenn.1996);

While the debtor’s employment income and his unemployment benefits are insufficient to permit him to repay the $58,058.19 in the foreseeable future, the residence, if sold, would permit him to pay the plaintiff. Prior to filing bankruptcy, the debtor was not adverse to selling the residence. He sought the permission of the state court to sell the residence but his proposed terms were rejected.

Unsurprisingly, now that the debtor has filed bankruptcy and his former spouse wants him to sell the residence, he refuses to do so. He further maintains that the bankruptcy court cannot consider his equity in the residence when determining whether he can afford to make the equalizing payment because he claimed that equity exempt. Because it is exempt, it cannot be levied upon either during or after the completion of the chapter 7 case. 11 U.S.C. § 522(c).1

Section 523(a)(15)(A), however, asks whether a debtor has the ability to pay, either from income or property, a nonsupport marital obligation. Exemptions have no impact on what a debtor can afford to pay. Exemptions are only relevant when a creditor seeks to compel a recalcitrant debtor to pay a debt.

For example, if a debtor has $1,000,000.00 in an exempt pension plan, a judgment creditor may not levy on the plan. But this does not mean that debtor is unable to pay the debt. It means he is unwilling to pay it.

More importantly, the reference to property in section 523(a)(15)(A) must necessarily include exempt property. Nonexempt property is property of the bankruptcy estate and subject to sale by the trustee for the benefit of all creditors. A chapter 7 debtor will have only exempt property at his or her disposal. As noted by the bankruptcy court in Woodworth v. Woodworth (In re Woodworth), 187 B.R. 174, 177, n. 1 (Bankr.N.D.Ohio 1995):

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229 B.R. 792, 41 Collier Bankr. Cas. 2d 651, 1998 Bankr. LEXIS 1798, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/smith-v-smith-in-re-smith-caeb-1998.