STATE OF MAINE SUPERIOR COURT CUMBERLAND, ss. CIVIL ACTION DOCKETNO. CV-21-151
) ANGELA SMITH & RICHARD SMITH, ) PERSONAL REPRESENTATIVES OF THE ) ESTATE OF PETER A. SMITH ) ) Plaintiffs ) ) ) ORDER ON DEFENDANT'S MOTION V. ) FOR PARTIAL SUMMARY ) JUDGMENT ) JOHN HENSON and MERCY HOSPITAL and ) EASTERN MAINE HEAL TH CARE SYSTEMS ) ) Defendants )
Before the Court are Defendants John Henson ("Henson"), Mercy Hospital ("Mercy")
and Eastern Maine Healthcare Systems' ("EMHS") (collectively "Defendants") Motion for
Partial Summary Judgment. For the reasons set forth herein, the Defendants' Motion is DENIED.
FACTUAL BACKGROUND
This case arises out of the tragic passing of a twenty five year old man named Peter
Smith ("Peter"). Peter was born on January 24th, 1992, and graduated, in 2017, from Temple
University in Pennsylvania with a bachelor's degree in business administration. (Defendants'
Statement of Material Facts ("Defs.' S.M.F.") 1il 4,5.) After graduation, Peter accepted an offer
of employment from KPMG - one of the "big four" international accounting firms - to work
as an audit associate in their Portland, Maine office. (Defs. S.M.F. if14, 6, 7.) After moving to
Maine, Peter began pursuing his CPA licensure. (Defs.' S.M.F. 1il 6, 7.) Unfortunately, Peter's
1 bright future was cut short when he contracted Lyme disease. (Defs.' S.M.F. 1 8.) Peter passed
on July 2nd, 2017, at the age of twenty five. (Defs.' S.M.F. 110.)
Prior to Peter's death, he presented to the emergency room at Portland based Mercy
Hospital on two occasions. (Defs.' S.M.F. 18.) The first was on June 7th, 2017, at Mercy's Fore
River Express Care location and the second, was on June 20th, 2017, at Mercy Hospital's State
Street location. (Defs.' S.M.F. 18.) After his presentations at Mercy, Peter's condition worsened,
and he was admitted to Maine Medical Center on June 25th, 2017. (Defs.' S.M.F. ,r 9.) Eight
days later, he was discovered deceased at his mother's home in Pennsylvania. (Defs.' S.M.F. if
10.)
Peter's parents, Richard and Angela Smith ("Smiths" or "Plaintiffs") brought a three
count complaint in this court in their capacity as personal representatives of Peter's estate. The
Smiths raise medical negligence claims against Henson, Mercy, and EMHS and seek multiple
remedies on behalf of Peter, including damages for: conscious pain and suffering, medical
expenses, lost earnings, and loss of enjoyment of life. The Smiths also seek damages for: loss of
the comfort, society and companionship of their loved one, emotional distress, and funeral
expenses.
On April 4th, 2022, the Defendants filed a Motion for Partial Summary Judgment,
seeking to foreclose the Smiths ability to recover future earnings damages. On April 19th, 2022,
the Plaintiffs filed their opposition and on April 29th, the Defendants replied. The Defendants
Partial Summary Judgment Motion, now fully briefed, awaits this Court's decision. 1
SUMMARY JUDGMENT ST ANDARD
1 In their opposition, the Plaintiffs ask the Court to deny the Defendants' Summary Judgment Motion as untimely
because it was filed three days after the twice extended deadline for filing dispositive motions. Pursuant to M.R. Civ. P. 6, the Court exercises its discretion, and moves sua sponte, to retroactively extend the deadline again, three days, making the Defendants' motion timely. The motion is not denied on this basis.
2 Summary judgment is warranted when a review of the parties' statements of material fact
and the record evidence to which they refer, considered in the light most favorable to the
nonmoving party, establish that there is no genuine issue of material fact in dispute and that the
moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter oflaw. M.R. Civ. P. 56(c); Ogden v. Labonville,
2020 ME 133, il 10,242 A.3d 177. A material fact has the potential to influence the outcome of
the case; and a genuine issue of material fact exists if the factfinder must decide between
competing versions of the truth. Lewis v. Concord General Mut. Ins. Co., 2014 ME 34, il 10, 87
A.3d 732. If a properly supported motion has been filed, the non.moving party must demonstrate
supporting record facts, disputed or undisputed, that establish a prima facie case for the claim(s)
in issue. Watt v. Unijirst Corp., 2009 ME 47, il 21, 969 A.2d 897. In that regard, the court
considers the record facts in the light most favorable to the non-moving party and gives him the
benefit of all favorable inferences that may be drawn from those facts. Levis v. Konitzky, 2016
ME 167, il 20, 151 A.3d 20, 28; Curtis v. Porter, 2001 ME 158, il 9, 784 A.2d 18. The record is
assessed for sufficiency-not persuasiveness-such that a court can make a factual
determination without speculating. Estate of Smith v. Cumberland County, 2013 ME 13, if 19, 60
A.3d 759. Summary judgment proceedings address only questions oflaw; they may not, by
definition, deal with factual issues except to the extent of determining from documents before the
court that there exists no genuine issue of material fact. Tiesi v. Ogunquit, 491 A. 2d 564, 568
(Me. 1985).
DISCUSSION
The Defendants claim they are entitled to Summary Judgment on the Plaintiffs' pursuit of
future earnings damages because, although there may be "statistical support" for Peter's future
earning potential, recovery for such loss is "too speculative as a matter oflaw to reward." The
Defendants rest their contention on Maine's wrongful death statute, which they say, precludes
3 recovery for loss of future earnings in this case. The Plaintiffs, in opposition, offer a different
interpretation.
I. Maine,s Wrongful Death Statute
Maine's Wrongful Death Statute is found in Title 18-C, section 2-807, and allows
personal representatives of the estates of deceased parties to hold tortfeasors liable
notwithstanding the death of the tortfeasee. 18-C M.R.S. § 2-807(1) (2021). It is intended to hold
"the person or the corporation that would have been liable if death had not ensued" accountable.
Id.
Subsection two of Maine's Wrongful Death Statute provides several limitations on
damages recoverable by those bringing an action under the statute. In the case of heirs seeking
pecuniary damages, the statute says: "The jury may give damages as it determines a fair and just
compensation with reference to the pecuniary injuries resulting from the death." 18-C M.R.S. §
2-807(2) (2021). This language is different from the pre-2009 version of the statute which
limited the nature of pecuniary recovery in the wrongful death context to those "for whose
benefit the action is brought:" "The jury may give such damages as it determines a fair and just
compensation with reference to the pecuniary injuries resulting from the death to the persons for
whose benefit the action is brought .. .." 18-C M.R.S. § 2-804(b) (2008) (emphasis added). The
operative difference between the two versions of the statute is the presence of the phrase "to the
persons for whose benefit the action is brought." The Defendants say the removal of that phrase
creates ambiguity, while the Plaintiffs maintain that the statute unambiguously allows recovery
for loss of future earnings by the decedent's estate.
II. Analysis
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STATE OF MAINE SUPERIOR COURT CUMBERLAND, ss. CIVIL ACTION DOCKETNO. CV-21-151
) ANGELA SMITH & RICHARD SMITH, ) PERSONAL REPRESENTATIVES OF THE ) ESTATE OF PETER A. SMITH ) ) Plaintiffs ) ) ) ORDER ON DEFENDANT'S MOTION V. ) FOR PARTIAL SUMMARY ) JUDGMENT ) JOHN HENSON and MERCY HOSPITAL and ) EASTERN MAINE HEAL TH CARE SYSTEMS ) ) Defendants )
Before the Court are Defendants John Henson ("Henson"), Mercy Hospital ("Mercy")
and Eastern Maine Healthcare Systems' ("EMHS") (collectively "Defendants") Motion for
Partial Summary Judgment. For the reasons set forth herein, the Defendants' Motion is DENIED.
FACTUAL BACKGROUND
This case arises out of the tragic passing of a twenty five year old man named Peter
Smith ("Peter"). Peter was born on January 24th, 1992, and graduated, in 2017, from Temple
University in Pennsylvania with a bachelor's degree in business administration. (Defendants'
Statement of Material Facts ("Defs.' S.M.F.") 1il 4,5.) After graduation, Peter accepted an offer
of employment from KPMG - one of the "big four" international accounting firms - to work
as an audit associate in their Portland, Maine office. (Defs. S.M.F. if14, 6, 7.) After moving to
Maine, Peter began pursuing his CPA licensure. (Defs.' S.M.F. 1il 6, 7.) Unfortunately, Peter's
1 bright future was cut short when he contracted Lyme disease. (Defs.' S.M.F. 1 8.) Peter passed
on July 2nd, 2017, at the age of twenty five. (Defs.' S.M.F. 110.)
Prior to Peter's death, he presented to the emergency room at Portland based Mercy
Hospital on two occasions. (Defs.' S.M.F. 18.) The first was on June 7th, 2017, at Mercy's Fore
River Express Care location and the second, was on June 20th, 2017, at Mercy Hospital's State
Street location. (Defs.' S.M.F. 18.) After his presentations at Mercy, Peter's condition worsened,
and he was admitted to Maine Medical Center on June 25th, 2017. (Defs.' S.M.F. ,r 9.) Eight
days later, he was discovered deceased at his mother's home in Pennsylvania. (Defs.' S.M.F. if
10.)
Peter's parents, Richard and Angela Smith ("Smiths" or "Plaintiffs") brought a three
count complaint in this court in their capacity as personal representatives of Peter's estate. The
Smiths raise medical negligence claims against Henson, Mercy, and EMHS and seek multiple
remedies on behalf of Peter, including damages for: conscious pain and suffering, medical
expenses, lost earnings, and loss of enjoyment of life. The Smiths also seek damages for: loss of
the comfort, society and companionship of their loved one, emotional distress, and funeral
expenses.
On April 4th, 2022, the Defendants filed a Motion for Partial Summary Judgment,
seeking to foreclose the Smiths ability to recover future earnings damages. On April 19th, 2022,
the Plaintiffs filed their opposition and on April 29th, the Defendants replied. The Defendants
Partial Summary Judgment Motion, now fully briefed, awaits this Court's decision. 1
SUMMARY JUDGMENT ST ANDARD
1 In their opposition, the Plaintiffs ask the Court to deny the Defendants' Summary Judgment Motion as untimely
because it was filed three days after the twice extended deadline for filing dispositive motions. Pursuant to M.R. Civ. P. 6, the Court exercises its discretion, and moves sua sponte, to retroactively extend the deadline again, three days, making the Defendants' motion timely. The motion is not denied on this basis.
2 Summary judgment is warranted when a review of the parties' statements of material fact
and the record evidence to which they refer, considered in the light most favorable to the
nonmoving party, establish that there is no genuine issue of material fact in dispute and that the
moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter oflaw. M.R. Civ. P. 56(c); Ogden v. Labonville,
2020 ME 133, il 10,242 A.3d 177. A material fact has the potential to influence the outcome of
the case; and a genuine issue of material fact exists if the factfinder must decide between
competing versions of the truth. Lewis v. Concord General Mut. Ins. Co., 2014 ME 34, il 10, 87
A.3d 732. If a properly supported motion has been filed, the non.moving party must demonstrate
supporting record facts, disputed or undisputed, that establish a prima facie case for the claim(s)
in issue. Watt v. Unijirst Corp., 2009 ME 47, il 21, 969 A.2d 897. In that regard, the court
considers the record facts in the light most favorable to the non-moving party and gives him the
benefit of all favorable inferences that may be drawn from those facts. Levis v. Konitzky, 2016
ME 167, il 20, 151 A.3d 20, 28; Curtis v. Porter, 2001 ME 158, il 9, 784 A.2d 18. The record is
assessed for sufficiency-not persuasiveness-such that a court can make a factual
determination without speculating. Estate of Smith v. Cumberland County, 2013 ME 13, if 19, 60
A.3d 759. Summary judgment proceedings address only questions oflaw; they may not, by
definition, deal with factual issues except to the extent of determining from documents before the
court that there exists no genuine issue of material fact. Tiesi v. Ogunquit, 491 A. 2d 564, 568
(Me. 1985).
DISCUSSION
The Defendants claim they are entitled to Summary Judgment on the Plaintiffs' pursuit of
future earnings damages because, although there may be "statistical support" for Peter's future
earning potential, recovery for such loss is "too speculative as a matter oflaw to reward." The
Defendants rest their contention on Maine's wrongful death statute, which they say, precludes
3 recovery for loss of future earnings in this case. The Plaintiffs, in opposition, offer a different
interpretation.
I. Maine,s Wrongful Death Statute
Maine's Wrongful Death Statute is found in Title 18-C, section 2-807, and allows
personal representatives of the estates of deceased parties to hold tortfeasors liable
notwithstanding the death of the tortfeasee. 18-C M.R.S. § 2-807(1) (2021). It is intended to hold
"the person or the corporation that would have been liable if death had not ensued" accountable.
Id.
Subsection two of Maine's Wrongful Death Statute provides several limitations on
damages recoverable by those bringing an action under the statute. In the case of heirs seeking
pecuniary damages, the statute says: "The jury may give damages as it determines a fair and just
compensation with reference to the pecuniary injuries resulting from the death." 18-C M.R.S. §
2-807(2) (2021). This language is different from the pre-2009 version of the statute which
limited the nature of pecuniary recovery in the wrongful death context to those "for whose
benefit the action is brought:" "The jury may give such damages as it determines a fair and just
compensation with reference to the pecuniary injuries resulting from the death to the persons for
whose benefit the action is brought .. .." 18-C M.R.S. § 2-804(b) (2008) (emphasis added). The
operative difference between the two versions of the statute is the presence of the phrase "to the
persons for whose benefit the action is brought." The Defendants say the removal of that phrase
creates ambiguity, while the Plaintiffs maintain that the statute unambiguously allows recovery
for loss of future earnings by the decedent's estate.
II. Analysis
4 Prior to the 2009 amendment, Maine courts had consistently limited recoverable future
earnings damages to those wrongful death plaintiffs who claimed personal, pecuniary damages
as a result of the death. See Watson v. Spring Harbor Hosp., No. CV-83-283, 2008 Me. Super.
LEXIS 201, *4 (Oct. 9, 2008) (entering partial summary judgment against surviving family
members and estate beneficiaries on the issue of future earnings damages because the Plaintiffs
could not establish, beyond mere speculation, any pecuniary harm they would incur from the
decedent's lost earnings); Grover v. Spring Harbor Hosp. et. al., No. CV-04-210, 2007 Me.
Super. LEXIS 116, *3 (June 14, 2007) (granting partial summary judgment on the issue of future
earnings damages because the plaintiff offered no proof of employment history or any other
credible, corroborative evidence of that the decedent's loss of future earnings caused her harm.).
Thus, the pre-2009 statute was interpreted by courts to limit pecuniary recovery for future
earnings losses to those who are bringing the wrongful death action on behalf of, or as,
beneficiaries of the decedent's estate. See also Carter v. Williams, 2002 ME 50, 110, 792 A.2d
1093 (affirming denial of pecuniary recovery for parents who brought wrongful death suit
because any pecuniary injury to the parents, resulting from the loss of their nine year old child's
future earnings, was too speculative to ascertain); Fitzpatrick v. Cohen, 777 F. Supp. 2d, 193,
194-95 (D. Me. 2011) ("The parties agree that [the pre-2009] version of Maine's Wrongful Death
Act limited the recovery of pecuniary injuries to losses actually sustained by [the] [p]laintiff, ...
the sole beneficiary of the estate.")
After the 2009 amendment, courts interpreting the wrongful death statute's pecuniary
damage language imposed no such limitations on recovery for loss of future earnings. See Cole
v. Holland, YORSC-CV-10-348, slip op. at 5 (Me. Super. Ct., York Cnty., Mar. 14, 2013)
(awarding $360,000 in damages to a wrongful death plaintiff for loss of future earnings of the
5 decedents - her two sons - because the plaintiffs "request that the court find future total lost
wages for each of the decedents is supported by the record"); Fitzpatrick, 777 F. Supp. 2d at 195
(''[T]he removal of a requirement that any provable loss be tied to a particular beneficiary-has
the ... effect of providing for full recovery ofthe decedent's lost earnings by the estate.").
This Court agrees with the courts which have interpreted the post-2009 amendment
version of the statute. Prior to the 2009 amendment, the only recovery which could be obtained
for loss of future earnings was recovery for loss incurred by the wrongful death beneficiary
themselves. In practical terms, this meant pecuniary damages for loss of future earnings could
only be pursued if, as in Watson and Grover, the wrongful death plaintiff plead- and proved
facts which suggested the decedent intended to care for his beneficiaries upon receipt of his
future earnings. After the 2009 amendment, the statute's language allowed for full recovery of
the decedent's lost earnings by the estate. Thus, the deletion of the phrase "to the persons for
whose benefit the action is brought" extricated the only language limiting pecuniary recovery for
loss of future earnings and broadened entitlement to such damages.
The Defendants attempt to circumvent this conclusion by claiming that the current
statutory language is ambiguous. They invite the Court to look at the legislative intent behind the
amendment to reach the opposite conclusion. The Court declines the Defendants' invitation. The
limiting language of the post~2009 iteration of Maine's wrongful death statute is unambiguous.
See Cent. Me. Power Co. v. Devereux Marine Inc., 2013 ME 37, ~ 8, 68 A.3d 1262 ("When a
statute is ambiguous, a court may look to legislative history or other extraneous aids in its
interpretation.")
The statute allows a wrongful death plaintiff- a personal representative or special
administrator of the decedent's estate - to seek pecuniary damages resulting from the death, for
6 the benefit of the estate and its beneficiaries. This includes the loss of the deceased's future
earnings, regardless of whether the estate's beneficiaries suffered any actual loss.
CONCLUSION
The Defendants' Motion for Partial Summaty Judgment is Denied. The wrongful death
statute unambiguously allows for pecuniary recovery in the fmm of loss of future earnings.
Accordingly, the Plaintiff may present evidence which support such a claim at trial, and the fact
finder may determine what award, if any, is appropriate.
Entry is:
Defendant's Motion for Partial Summary Judgment is Denied.
The clerk is directed to incorporate this order into the docket by reference pursuant to M.R. Civ.
P. 79(a).
John O'Neil Jr. Justice, Maine Superior Court