1 2 3 4 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 5 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 6 7 ALEXIS SLATEN, Case No. 23-cv-00409-JSC
8 Plaintiff, ORDER RE: NINTH CIRCUIT 9 v. COURT’S LIMITED REMAND TO RULE ON PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR 10 CHRISTIAN DIOR PERFUMES, LLC., RECONSIDERATION 11 Defendant. Re: Dkt. No. 99
12 13 Plaintiff alleges Defendant Christian Dior Perfumes, LLC, deceptively labels and 14 advertises the sun protection factor (SPF) duration of certain of its cosmetic products in violation 15 of California law. (Dkt. No. 73.)1 The case is before the Court on the Ninth Circuit’s remand “for 16 the limited purpose of enabling the district court to rule on [Plaintiff’s] motion for 17 reconsideration.” (Dkt. No. 99.) Having considered the parties’ supplemental briefing on 18 Plaintiff’s motion for reconsideration, the Court GRANTS Plaintiff’s motion for reconsideration. 19 A. Background 20 Plaintiff alleges Defendant’s Forever Foundation and Forever Skin Glow Foundation (the 21 “products”) create the false impression the products contain SPF 15 sun protection that will last 24 22 hours. (Dkt. No. 73.) In March 2023, the Court denied Defendant’s motion to dismiss, 23 concluding Plaintiff plausibly alleged reasonable consumers are likely to be deceived by the 24 products’ front label. (Dkt. No. 43 at 6-7.) But as Plaintiff had not established her standing to 25 assert class claims based on products she did not buy, the Court granted leave to amend the claims 26 based on those products. (Id. at 9, 10.) Plaintiff filed her First Amended Complaint on June 5, 27 1 2023. (Dkt. No. 48.) Four days later, in an opinion authored by Judge Gould, the Ninth Circuit 2 decided McGinity v. Procter & Gamble Co., 69 F.4th 1093 (9th Cir. 2023). On Defendant’s 3 subsequent motions to dismiss, the Court interpreted McGinity to hold that if a front label is 4 ambiguous in that it “could mean any number of things,” some of which would not be deceptive, a 5 court must look to the product’s back label to determine whether a reasonable consumer would be 6 deceived. (Dkt. No. 69 at 4; Dkt. No. at 83 at 5-6.) Based on that interpretation, and upon review 7 of the back label, the Court eventually dismissed Plaintiff’s claims and entered judgment in Dior’s 8 favor. (Dkt. Nos. 83, 84.) 9 Plaintiff appealed to the Ninth Circuit on April 30, 2024. (Dkt. No. 86.) After Plaintiff 10 filed her notice of appeal, but before the parties began briefing, in a decision again authored by 11 Judge Gould, the Ninth Circuit decided Whiteside v. Kimberly Clark Corp., which clarified 12 McGinity. Whiteside v. Kinberly Clark Corp., 108 F.4th 771 (9th Cir. 2024). Whiteside held that 13 “[a] front label is not ambiguous in a California false-advertising case merely because it is 14 susceptible to more than one reasonable interpretation.” Id. at 782. The court held that on a 15 12(b)(6) motion, a label “may have two possible meanings, so long as the plaintiff has plausibly 16 alleged that a reasonable consumer would view the label as having one unambiguous (and 17 deceptive) meaning.” Id. at 780. In other words,
18 a front label is not ambiguous simply because it is susceptible to two possible meanings; a front label is ambiguous when reasonable 19 consumers would necessarily require more information before reasonably concluding that the label is making a particular 20 representation. Only in these circumstances can the back label be considered at the dismissal stage. 21 Id. at 781. In so holding, Whiteside specifically rejected the interpretation of McGinity this Court 22 adopted: “that a front label is ambiguous if it can have more than one possible meaning.” Id. 23 In light of Whiteside, Plaintiff moved for reconsideration under Federal Rules of Civil 24 Procedure 60(b)(6), and for an indicative ruling under Rule 62.1 that the Court would grant the 25 60(b)(6) motion. (Dkt. No. 90.) The Court applied the factors in Phelps v. Alameida, 569 F.3d 26 1120 (9th Cir. 2009), and held “the factors weigh in favor of granting reconsideration.” (Dkt. No. 27 98 at 6.) The Court held: Whiteside did not “upset or overturn a settled legal principle.” To the 1 contrary, the language of McGinity led this Court and others to interpret it in such a way that McGinity upset settled legal principle. 2 The court in Whiteside then clarified that McGinity should not be interpreted as doing so, and, instead, the law prevailing at the time the 3 Court denied Defendants’ first motion to dismiss should apply. As Whiteside explained: “[w]e stated [the rule] better when quoting 4 Trader Joe’s, which held that a front label is ambiguous if ‘reasonable consumers would necessarily require more information before they 5 could reasonably conclude’ that the front label was making a specific representation.” Whiteside, 108 F.4th at 780 (quoting McGinity, 69 6 F.4th at 1097 (quoting Moore v. Trader Joe’s Co., 4 F.4th 874, 882 (9th Cir. 2021)). So, this factor weighs in favor of granting relief. Id. 7 McGinity made the law unsettled, and Whiteside clarified that confusion. 8 (Id. at 6-7.) So, the Court concluded, “if the Ninth Circuit remands this action, the Court would 9 reconsider its decision that Plaintiff could not state a claim because the front label is ambiguous 10 and therefore the back label should be considered.” (Id. at 8.) 11 After the Court’s ruling, Plaintiff moved the Ninth Circuit to remand the case to this Court 12 to rule on its motion for reconsideration. Slaten v. Dior, 24-2825 (9th Cir.) (Dkt. No. 25.) The 13 parties fully briefed the motion for remand. On the same day Defendant filed its reply brief, the 14 Ninth Circuit decided Bryan v. Del Monte Foods, Inc., 2024 WL 4866952 (9th Cir. Nov. 22, 15 2024). Defendant filed a notice of supplemental authority with the Ninth Circuit on November 26, 16 2024, notifying it of Bryan. Slaten v. Dior, 24-2825 (9th Cir.) (Dkt. No. 28.) 17 On April 2, 2025, pursuant to Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 12.1(b), the Ninth 18 Circuit remanded the case to this Court “for the limited purpose of enabling the district court to 19 rule on [Plaintiff’s] motion for reconsideration.” (Dkt. No. 99.) At Defendant’s request, the Court 20 permitted limited supplemental briefing before taking the matter under submission. (Dkt. No. 21 102.) 22 The parties have supplemented their briefing. Defendant argues Bryan v. Del Monte 23 contradicts the Court’s determination that its prior “dismissal of Plaintiff’s complaint was based 24 on an interpretation of McGinity which Whiteside subsequently—and unambiguously—clarified 25 was wrong.” (Dkt. No. 98 at 8.) After considering the parties’ supplemental briefing, as well as 26 all the prior briefing, the Court GRANTS Plaintiff’s motion for reconsideration. 27 // 1 B. Analysis 2 The Court does not repeat its prior analysis. (See Dkt. No. 98.) Upon consideration of the 3 Phelps factors and particularly upon Plaintiff’s showing that the Court’s “dismissal of Plaintiff’s 4 complaint was based on an interpretation of McGinity which Whiteside subsequently—and 5 unambiguously—clarified was wrong,” the Court would grant Plaintiff’s motion. (Id. at 8.) So, 6 the Court only now considers whether the Ninth Circuit’s unpublished, memorandum opinion in 7 Bryan changes its prior analysis. (Dkt. Nos. 103, 104.) It does not. 8 In Bryan the Ninth Circuit considered whether a front label describing a fruit cup using the 9 phrase “fruit natural” falsely led consumers to believe all ingredients in the cups were natural. Id. 10 at *1.
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1 2 3 4 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 5 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 6 7 ALEXIS SLATEN, Case No. 23-cv-00409-JSC
8 Plaintiff, ORDER RE: NINTH CIRCUIT 9 v. COURT’S LIMITED REMAND TO RULE ON PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR 10 CHRISTIAN DIOR PERFUMES, LLC., RECONSIDERATION 11 Defendant. Re: Dkt. No. 99
12 13 Plaintiff alleges Defendant Christian Dior Perfumes, LLC, deceptively labels and 14 advertises the sun protection factor (SPF) duration of certain of its cosmetic products in violation 15 of California law. (Dkt. No. 73.)1 The case is before the Court on the Ninth Circuit’s remand “for 16 the limited purpose of enabling the district court to rule on [Plaintiff’s] motion for 17 reconsideration.” (Dkt. No. 99.) Having considered the parties’ supplemental briefing on 18 Plaintiff’s motion for reconsideration, the Court GRANTS Plaintiff’s motion for reconsideration. 19 A. Background 20 Plaintiff alleges Defendant’s Forever Foundation and Forever Skin Glow Foundation (the 21 “products”) create the false impression the products contain SPF 15 sun protection that will last 24 22 hours. (Dkt. No. 73.) In March 2023, the Court denied Defendant’s motion to dismiss, 23 concluding Plaintiff plausibly alleged reasonable consumers are likely to be deceived by the 24 products’ front label. (Dkt. No. 43 at 6-7.) But as Plaintiff had not established her standing to 25 assert class claims based on products she did not buy, the Court granted leave to amend the claims 26 based on those products. (Id. at 9, 10.) Plaintiff filed her First Amended Complaint on June 5, 27 1 2023. (Dkt. No. 48.) Four days later, in an opinion authored by Judge Gould, the Ninth Circuit 2 decided McGinity v. Procter & Gamble Co., 69 F.4th 1093 (9th Cir. 2023). On Defendant’s 3 subsequent motions to dismiss, the Court interpreted McGinity to hold that if a front label is 4 ambiguous in that it “could mean any number of things,” some of which would not be deceptive, a 5 court must look to the product’s back label to determine whether a reasonable consumer would be 6 deceived. (Dkt. No. 69 at 4; Dkt. No. at 83 at 5-6.) Based on that interpretation, and upon review 7 of the back label, the Court eventually dismissed Plaintiff’s claims and entered judgment in Dior’s 8 favor. (Dkt. Nos. 83, 84.) 9 Plaintiff appealed to the Ninth Circuit on April 30, 2024. (Dkt. No. 86.) After Plaintiff 10 filed her notice of appeal, but before the parties began briefing, in a decision again authored by 11 Judge Gould, the Ninth Circuit decided Whiteside v. Kimberly Clark Corp., which clarified 12 McGinity. Whiteside v. Kinberly Clark Corp., 108 F.4th 771 (9th Cir. 2024). Whiteside held that 13 “[a] front label is not ambiguous in a California false-advertising case merely because it is 14 susceptible to more than one reasonable interpretation.” Id. at 782. The court held that on a 15 12(b)(6) motion, a label “may have two possible meanings, so long as the plaintiff has plausibly 16 alleged that a reasonable consumer would view the label as having one unambiguous (and 17 deceptive) meaning.” Id. at 780. In other words,
18 a front label is not ambiguous simply because it is susceptible to two possible meanings; a front label is ambiguous when reasonable 19 consumers would necessarily require more information before reasonably concluding that the label is making a particular 20 representation. Only in these circumstances can the back label be considered at the dismissal stage. 21 Id. at 781. In so holding, Whiteside specifically rejected the interpretation of McGinity this Court 22 adopted: “that a front label is ambiguous if it can have more than one possible meaning.” Id. 23 In light of Whiteside, Plaintiff moved for reconsideration under Federal Rules of Civil 24 Procedure 60(b)(6), and for an indicative ruling under Rule 62.1 that the Court would grant the 25 60(b)(6) motion. (Dkt. No. 90.) The Court applied the factors in Phelps v. Alameida, 569 F.3d 26 1120 (9th Cir. 2009), and held “the factors weigh in favor of granting reconsideration.” (Dkt. No. 27 98 at 6.) The Court held: Whiteside did not “upset or overturn a settled legal principle.” To the 1 contrary, the language of McGinity led this Court and others to interpret it in such a way that McGinity upset settled legal principle. 2 The court in Whiteside then clarified that McGinity should not be interpreted as doing so, and, instead, the law prevailing at the time the 3 Court denied Defendants’ first motion to dismiss should apply. As Whiteside explained: “[w]e stated [the rule] better when quoting 4 Trader Joe’s, which held that a front label is ambiguous if ‘reasonable consumers would necessarily require more information before they 5 could reasonably conclude’ that the front label was making a specific representation.” Whiteside, 108 F.4th at 780 (quoting McGinity, 69 6 F.4th at 1097 (quoting Moore v. Trader Joe’s Co., 4 F.4th 874, 882 (9th Cir. 2021)). So, this factor weighs in favor of granting relief. Id. 7 McGinity made the law unsettled, and Whiteside clarified that confusion. 8 (Id. at 6-7.) So, the Court concluded, “if the Ninth Circuit remands this action, the Court would 9 reconsider its decision that Plaintiff could not state a claim because the front label is ambiguous 10 and therefore the back label should be considered.” (Id. at 8.) 11 After the Court’s ruling, Plaintiff moved the Ninth Circuit to remand the case to this Court 12 to rule on its motion for reconsideration. Slaten v. Dior, 24-2825 (9th Cir.) (Dkt. No. 25.) The 13 parties fully briefed the motion for remand. On the same day Defendant filed its reply brief, the 14 Ninth Circuit decided Bryan v. Del Monte Foods, Inc., 2024 WL 4866952 (9th Cir. Nov. 22, 15 2024). Defendant filed a notice of supplemental authority with the Ninth Circuit on November 26, 16 2024, notifying it of Bryan. Slaten v. Dior, 24-2825 (9th Cir.) (Dkt. No. 28.) 17 On April 2, 2025, pursuant to Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 12.1(b), the Ninth 18 Circuit remanded the case to this Court “for the limited purpose of enabling the district court to 19 rule on [Plaintiff’s] motion for reconsideration.” (Dkt. No. 99.) At Defendant’s request, the Court 20 permitted limited supplemental briefing before taking the matter under submission. (Dkt. No. 21 102.) 22 The parties have supplemented their briefing. Defendant argues Bryan v. Del Monte 23 contradicts the Court’s determination that its prior “dismissal of Plaintiff’s complaint was based 24 on an interpretation of McGinity which Whiteside subsequently—and unambiguously—clarified 25 was wrong.” (Dkt. No. 98 at 8.) After considering the parties’ supplemental briefing, as well as 26 all the prior briefing, the Court GRANTS Plaintiff’s motion for reconsideration. 27 // 1 B. Analysis 2 The Court does not repeat its prior analysis. (See Dkt. No. 98.) Upon consideration of the 3 Phelps factors and particularly upon Plaintiff’s showing that the Court’s “dismissal of Plaintiff’s 4 complaint was based on an interpretation of McGinity which Whiteside subsequently—and 5 unambiguously—clarified was wrong,” the Court would grant Plaintiff’s motion. (Id. at 8.) So, 6 the Court only now considers whether the Ninth Circuit’s unpublished, memorandum opinion in 7 Bryan changes its prior analysis. (Dkt. Nos. 103, 104.) It does not. 8 In Bryan the Ninth Circuit considered whether a front label describing a fruit cup using the 9 phrase “fruit natural” falsely led consumers to believe all ingredients in the cups were natural. Id. 10 at *1. The court concluded that the plaintiff had not plausibly alleged that the front label was 11 unambiguously deceptive to an ordinary consumer because “‘reasonable consumers would 12 necessarily require more information before they could reasonably conclude’ that the front label 13 makes a specific factual representation.” Id. (quoting Moore v. Trader Joe’s Co., 4 F.4th 874, 14 882 (9th Cir. 2021)). The court explained the word “naturals” was “a noun, not a descriptive 15 adjective,” and so the label suggested “the phrase is just the name of the product.” Id. Further, the 16 front label context indicated “although the fruit itself is natural, the syrup may not be,” and that 17 customer surveys were insufficient because they “asked people what they thought ‘natural’ should 18 mean on the label of a product, not what they thought it actually did mean as used on these labels.” 19 Id. So, the court concluded, because the plaintiff “has not plausibly alleged that the front label is 20 ‘unambiguously deceptive to an ordinary consumer,’ Whiteside v. Kimberly Clark Corp., 108 21 F.4th 771, 780 (9th Cir. 2024), a reasonable consumer would look at the back label.” Id. 22 Here, unlike in Bryan, the Court concluded reasonable consumers would not necessarily 23 require additional information before they could reasonably conclude the front label makes a 24 specific representation: from the front label itself, reasonable consumers could conclude 25 Defendant represented the product’s sunscreen protection lasts 24 hours. (Dkt. No. 43 at 6-7; Dkt. 26 No. 98 at 7-8.) Nothing in Bryan requires the Court alter its indicative and now final ruling on 27 Plaintiff’s motion for reconsideration. 1 C. Conclusion 2 So, for the reasons set forth in the Court’s order on Defendant’s initial motion to dismiss 3 (Dkt. No. 43.), its indicative ruling under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 62.1 (Dkt. No. 98), and 4 in this Order, the Court now GRANTS Plaintiff?s motion for reconsideration. 5 IT IS SO ORDERED. 6 || Dated: July 3, 2025
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