[Cite as Skotynsky v. Jones, 2018-Ohio-431.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT LUCAS COUNTY
Walter Skotynsky Court of Appeals No. L-17-1103
Appellant Trial Court No. CVI-16-18579
v.
Tammy Jones DECISION AND JUDGMENT
Appellee Decided: February 2, 2018
*****
Walter J. Skotynsky, for appellant.
SINGER, J. Introduction
{¶ 1} Appellant, Walter J. Skotynsky, appeals the March 31, 2017 judgment of the
Toledo Municipal Court, Small Claims Division, granted in favor of appellee, Tammy L.
Jones. Finding no error, we affirm. Assignments of Error
{¶ 2} Appellant sets forth the following assignments of error:
1. THE TRIAL COURT ERRORED (sic) IN DENYING
PLAINTIFF’S REQUEST FOR A CONTINUANCE.
2. THE COURTS (sic) FINDINGS WERE AGAINST THE
MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE.
Background
{¶ 3} Appellant, a practicing attorney, entered into a representation agreement
with appellee. The representation spanned from April 2015, to January 2016.
{¶ 4} Appellee deposited $2,000 with appellant as a retainer, and appellant’s
billing rate was set at $150 per hour. Appellant was to send monthly invoices once the
retainer was exhausted, which he did not. His reason for not doing so was his secretary
was on leave.
{¶ 5} After the representation concluded, appellant sent five itemized invoices in
February, April, June, November, and December 2016. The invoices detailed appellant’s
billed time, and the total amount requested was $1,750 (which was $3,750 less the $2,000
retainer). Appellee did not pay the $1,750.
{¶ 6} Appellant filed a complaint on December 21, 2016. In the complaint, he did
not specify the legal theory on which he relied for his request for judgment in the amount
of $1,919.21 (which included the $1,750 and 3 percent interest). The complaint states, as
its “Nature of Claim,” as follows: “THE DEFENDANT HAS FAILED TO REMIT
2. PAYMENT OF ATTORNEY FEES FOR SERVICES RENDERED BY THE
PLAINTIFF AT DEFENDANT’S REQUEST. (SEE INVOICES ATTACHED
HERETO AND STATEMENT.)”
{¶ 7} The matter proceeded to trial, before a magistrate, on February 6, 2017. At
the trial, appellant requested a continuance because he had clients waiting at his office.
The magistrate denied the request in light of appellee’s claim that she could not continue
to miss work. The magistrate found the parties entered into a valid agreement, but that
appellant failed to comply with his obligations under the express terms. As a result, the
magistrate recommended judgment in favor of appellee and a denial of appellant’s
request for damages. Appellant objected to the magistrate’s decision but, on March 31,
2017, the trial court adopted the magistrate’s recommended judgment. Appellant timely
appealed.
First Assignment of Error
{¶ 8} Appellant first asserts the trial court erred in denying his request for
continuance where “he had clients in from out of town at his office[.]” Appellee did not
submit a brief and thus waived argument.
{¶ 9} App.R. 16(A)(7) states “[t]he appellant shall include in its brief, under the
headings and in the order indicated, all of the following: * * *(7) An argument
containing the contentions of the appellant with respect to each assignment of error
presented for review and the reasons in support of the contentions, with citations to the
authorities, statutes, and parts of the record on which appellant relies.”
3. {¶ 10} Here, appellant provides no citation to legal authority to support this
assigned error. It is within our discretion to decline to address it. See, e.g., TPI Asset
Mgt., L.L.C. v. Baxter, 5th Dist. Knox No. 2011CA000007, 2011-Ohio-5584, ¶ 31; Abele
v. McHugh Dodge Jeep, 5th Dist. No. CT2010-0008, 2010-Ohio-6417, ¶ 12; In re Estate
of Poling, 4th Dist. No. 04CA18, 2005-Ohio-5147, ¶ 18.
{¶ 11} Finding that appellant, a licensed attorney, failed to provide any citations to
legal authority with respect to his first assigned error in contravention of App.R.
16(A)(7), the court accordingly will not address the first assignment of error and it is
found not well-taken.
Second Assignment of Error
{¶ 12} Although he does not specify the legal theory on which he relies, appellant
asserts entering judgment against him was error because the trial court’s findings were
against the manifest weight of the evidence.
{¶ 13} The standard of review for manifest weight is the same in a criminal case
as in a civil case, and an appellate court’s function is to determine whether the greater
amount of credible evidence supports the verdict. Eastley v. Volkman, 132 Ohio St.3d
328, 2012-Ohio-2179, 972 N.E.2d 517, ¶ 12; State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 387,
678 N.E.2d 541 (1997). “A manifest weight of the evidence challenge contests the
believability of the evidence presented.” (Citation omitted.) State v. Wynder, 11th Dist.
Ashtabula No. 2001-A-0063, 2003-Ohio-5978, ¶ 23. The appellate court, as if the
“thirteenth juror” must review the record, weigh the evidence and all reasonable
4. inferences drawn from it, consider the witnesses’ credibility and decide, in resolving any
conflicts in the evidence, whether the trier-of-fact “clearly lost its way and created such a
manifest miscarriage of justice that the conviction must be reversed and a new trial
ordered.” State v. Prescott, 190 Ohio App.3d 702, 2010-Ohio-6048, 943 N.E.2d 1092,
¶ 48 (6th Dist.), citing Thompkins at 387.
{¶ 14} Generally, a breach of contract occurs when (1) “a party demonstrates the
existence of a binding contract or agreement”; (2) “the non-breaching party performed its
contractual obligations”; (3) “the other party failed to fulfill its contractual obligations
without legal excuse”; and (4) “the non-breaching party suffered damages as a result of
the breach.” (Emphasis added.) Ngo v. Paramount Care, Inc., 6th Dist. Lucas No.
L-05-1359, 2006-Ohio-3874, ¶ 11.
{¶ 15} Here, appellant acknowledged he did not send monthly itemized billing
statements to appellee during the representation. This was found by the magistrate to be
an express provision and covenant in the agreement. The transcript in the record reflects
both appellant and appellee confirmed this was their understanding of the covenant, as
follows:
THE COURT: I guess my concern is that your agreement
references that there will be monthly bills when she’s past the retainer, and
then there’s a long discussion about how she’s supposed to pay it and the
security, you know, that would be required and a lot about billing. Which
is fine, it’s consistent and represents the Ohio advisory opinions to the
5. Disciplinary Counsel. But I just—I’m not sure—I’m just wondering if you
have anything in response to why your agreement references monthly bills,
that you didn’t send her any monthly bills.
[APPELLANT]: Your Honor, at the time when this was taking
place my secretary at the time was off six months. She had emergency
surgery. Recently came back two months ago, which is why the monthly
bills did not go out. * * *
THE COURT: All right. In the agreement you stipulated that you
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[Cite as Skotynsky v. Jones, 2018-Ohio-431.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT LUCAS COUNTY
Walter Skotynsky Court of Appeals No. L-17-1103
Appellant Trial Court No. CVI-16-18579
v.
Tammy Jones DECISION AND JUDGMENT
Appellee Decided: February 2, 2018
*****
Walter J. Skotynsky, for appellant.
SINGER, J. Introduction
{¶ 1} Appellant, Walter J. Skotynsky, appeals the March 31, 2017 judgment of the
Toledo Municipal Court, Small Claims Division, granted in favor of appellee, Tammy L.
Jones. Finding no error, we affirm. Assignments of Error
{¶ 2} Appellant sets forth the following assignments of error:
1. THE TRIAL COURT ERRORED (sic) IN DENYING
PLAINTIFF’S REQUEST FOR A CONTINUANCE.
2. THE COURTS (sic) FINDINGS WERE AGAINST THE
MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE.
Background
{¶ 3} Appellant, a practicing attorney, entered into a representation agreement
with appellee. The representation spanned from April 2015, to January 2016.
{¶ 4} Appellee deposited $2,000 with appellant as a retainer, and appellant’s
billing rate was set at $150 per hour. Appellant was to send monthly invoices once the
retainer was exhausted, which he did not. His reason for not doing so was his secretary
was on leave.
{¶ 5} After the representation concluded, appellant sent five itemized invoices in
February, April, June, November, and December 2016. The invoices detailed appellant’s
billed time, and the total amount requested was $1,750 (which was $3,750 less the $2,000
retainer). Appellee did not pay the $1,750.
{¶ 6} Appellant filed a complaint on December 21, 2016. In the complaint, he did
not specify the legal theory on which he relied for his request for judgment in the amount
of $1,919.21 (which included the $1,750 and 3 percent interest). The complaint states, as
its “Nature of Claim,” as follows: “THE DEFENDANT HAS FAILED TO REMIT
2. PAYMENT OF ATTORNEY FEES FOR SERVICES RENDERED BY THE
PLAINTIFF AT DEFENDANT’S REQUEST. (SEE INVOICES ATTACHED
HERETO AND STATEMENT.)”
{¶ 7} The matter proceeded to trial, before a magistrate, on February 6, 2017. At
the trial, appellant requested a continuance because he had clients waiting at his office.
The magistrate denied the request in light of appellee’s claim that she could not continue
to miss work. The magistrate found the parties entered into a valid agreement, but that
appellant failed to comply with his obligations under the express terms. As a result, the
magistrate recommended judgment in favor of appellee and a denial of appellant’s
request for damages. Appellant objected to the magistrate’s decision but, on March 31,
2017, the trial court adopted the magistrate’s recommended judgment. Appellant timely
appealed.
First Assignment of Error
{¶ 8} Appellant first asserts the trial court erred in denying his request for
continuance where “he had clients in from out of town at his office[.]” Appellee did not
submit a brief and thus waived argument.
{¶ 9} App.R. 16(A)(7) states “[t]he appellant shall include in its brief, under the
headings and in the order indicated, all of the following: * * *(7) An argument
containing the contentions of the appellant with respect to each assignment of error
presented for review and the reasons in support of the contentions, with citations to the
authorities, statutes, and parts of the record on which appellant relies.”
3. {¶ 10} Here, appellant provides no citation to legal authority to support this
assigned error. It is within our discretion to decline to address it. See, e.g., TPI Asset
Mgt., L.L.C. v. Baxter, 5th Dist. Knox No. 2011CA000007, 2011-Ohio-5584, ¶ 31; Abele
v. McHugh Dodge Jeep, 5th Dist. No. CT2010-0008, 2010-Ohio-6417, ¶ 12; In re Estate
of Poling, 4th Dist. No. 04CA18, 2005-Ohio-5147, ¶ 18.
{¶ 11} Finding that appellant, a licensed attorney, failed to provide any citations to
legal authority with respect to his first assigned error in contravention of App.R.
16(A)(7), the court accordingly will not address the first assignment of error and it is
found not well-taken.
Second Assignment of Error
{¶ 12} Although he does not specify the legal theory on which he relies, appellant
asserts entering judgment against him was error because the trial court’s findings were
against the manifest weight of the evidence.
{¶ 13} The standard of review for manifest weight is the same in a criminal case
as in a civil case, and an appellate court’s function is to determine whether the greater
amount of credible evidence supports the verdict. Eastley v. Volkman, 132 Ohio St.3d
328, 2012-Ohio-2179, 972 N.E.2d 517, ¶ 12; State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 387,
678 N.E.2d 541 (1997). “A manifest weight of the evidence challenge contests the
believability of the evidence presented.” (Citation omitted.) State v. Wynder, 11th Dist.
Ashtabula No. 2001-A-0063, 2003-Ohio-5978, ¶ 23. The appellate court, as if the
“thirteenth juror” must review the record, weigh the evidence and all reasonable
4. inferences drawn from it, consider the witnesses’ credibility and decide, in resolving any
conflicts in the evidence, whether the trier-of-fact “clearly lost its way and created such a
manifest miscarriage of justice that the conviction must be reversed and a new trial
ordered.” State v. Prescott, 190 Ohio App.3d 702, 2010-Ohio-6048, 943 N.E.2d 1092,
¶ 48 (6th Dist.), citing Thompkins at 387.
{¶ 14} Generally, a breach of contract occurs when (1) “a party demonstrates the
existence of a binding contract or agreement”; (2) “the non-breaching party performed its
contractual obligations”; (3) “the other party failed to fulfill its contractual obligations
without legal excuse”; and (4) “the non-breaching party suffered damages as a result of
the breach.” (Emphasis added.) Ngo v. Paramount Care, Inc., 6th Dist. Lucas No.
L-05-1359, 2006-Ohio-3874, ¶ 11.
{¶ 15} Here, appellant acknowledged he did not send monthly itemized billing
statements to appellee during the representation. This was found by the magistrate to be
an express provision and covenant in the agreement. The transcript in the record reflects
both appellant and appellee confirmed this was their understanding of the covenant, as
follows:
THE COURT: I guess my concern is that your agreement
references that there will be monthly bills when she’s past the retainer, and
then there’s a long discussion about how she’s supposed to pay it and the
security, you know, that would be required and a lot about billing. Which
is fine, it’s consistent and represents the Ohio advisory opinions to the
5. Disciplinary Counsel. But I just—I’m not sure—I’m just wondering if you
have anything in response to why your agreement references monthly bills,
that you didn’t send her any monthly bills.
[APPELLANT]: Your Honor, at the time when this was taking
place my secretary at the time was off six months. She had emergency
surgery. Recently came back two months ago, which is why the monthly
bills did not go out. * * *
THE COURT: All right. In the agreement you stipulated that you
would receive a monthly bill of anything above and beyond that and that
you would be responsible for anything in the monthly bill that you
received; is that correct?
[APPELLEE]: Correct.
THE COURT: Is that your understanding as well?
[APPELLEE]: Yes. Yes, it is.
THE COURT: So had you received a monthly bill, you would have
known that you were over the retainer amount, correct?
[APPELLEE]: Yes, ma’am.
THE COURT: All right. But it is your testimony here that you did
not receive a monthly bill as stipulated in the agreement between you?
[APPELLEE]: I did not.
6. {¶ 16} Although there is no copy of the agreement in the record for us to review,
we find it proper to conclude the court acted appropriately. See App.R. 9(E); see also
State v. Newman, 6th Dist. Wood No. WD-15-031, 2016-Ohio-2667, ¶ 7 (“Without a
complete appellate record, we must presume the regularity of the proceedings.”). This is
not the exceptional case we find the judgment against the manifest weight of the
evidence. Accordingly, appellant’s second assigned error is not well-taken.
Conclusion
{¶ 17} The judgment of the Lucas County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.
Appellant is ordered to pay the costs pursuant to App.R. 24.
Judgment affirmed.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to App.R. 27. See also 6th Dist.Loc.App.R. 4.
Mark L. Pietrykowski, J. _______________________________ JUDGE Arlene Singer, J. _______________________________ James D. Jensen, J. JUDGE CONCUR. _______________________________ JUDGE
This decision is subject to further editing by the Supreme Court of Ohio’s Reporter of Decisions. Parties interested in viewing the final reported version are advised to visit the Ohio Supreme Court’s web site at: http://www.supremecourt.ohio.gov/ROD/docs/.
7.