Skehan v. Commissioner of Social Security Administration

• Court: District Court, D. Arizona
• Decided: August 29, 2025
• Docket: 2:24-cv-01526
• Status: Unknown

Opinion

1 WO 2 3 4 5 6 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 7 FOR THE DISTRICT OF ARIZONA

9 Kenneth S., No. CV-24-01526-PHX-SHD

10 Plaintiff, ORDER

11 v.

12 Commissioner of Social Security Administration, 13 Defendant. 14 15 Claimant Kenneth S. (“Claimant”)1 seeks review of the Social Security 16 Administration Commissioner’s (“Commissioner”) final decision denying him disability 17 insurance benefits. For the reasons set forth below, the Administrative Law Judge’s 18 (“ALJ”) decision is affirmed. 19 I. BACKGROUND 20 Claimant filed applications for disability insurance benefits under Title II on March 21 15, 2021, and under Title XVI on October 8, 2021. (Administrative Record (“AR”) 17.) 22 In the ALJ’s decision, the ALJ determined Claimant had the severe impairments of chronic 23 inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (“CIDP”), headaches with intracranial 24 pressure, and morbid obesity. (AR 19.) The ALJ evaluated the medical evidence and 25 testimony and concluded that Claimant was not disabled. (AR 23–31.) In doing so, the 26 ALJ determined that Claimant had the Residual Functional Capacity (“RFC”) to perform 27 light work, except “he could lift and carry 20 pounds occasionally and ten pounds

28 1 As a matter of practice, Claimant is referred to as such and, at most, by his first name and last initial to protect his privacy. 1 frequently.” (AR 24.) The ALJ also included the following limitations: 2 [He can] stand/walk and sit six [out of] eight hours each in an eight-hour workday; he should never climb ropes, ladders or scaffolds or crawl; he could 3 frequently balance; he could occasionally climb ramps and stairs, stoop, 4 kneel, and crouch; and he should avoid concentrated exposure to extreme hot and cold temperatures, wetness, humidity, loud noise, vibration, fumes, 5 odors, dust, and gases, unprotected heights, and moving and dangerous 6 machinery. 7 (Id.) Based on the RFC formulation and the testimony of the vocational expert (“VE”) at 8 the hearing, the ALJ found that Claimant could perform his past relevant work as an 9 “electromechanical technician” and “maintenance supervisor” as generally performed. 10 (AR 30.) 11 The ALJ thus denied Claimant’s claim, (AR 31), and the Appeals Council denied 12 his request for review, (AR 1). Claimant then appealed to this Court. (Doc. 1.) 13 II. LEGAL STANDARD 14 Only those issues raised by the party challenging the decision are reviewed. See 15 Lewis v. Apfel, 236 F.3d 503, 517 n.13 (9th Cir. 2001). The Commissioner’s disability 16 determination may be set aside only if it is not supported by substantial evidence or is based 17 on legal error. Orn v. Astrue, 495 F.3d 625, 630 (9th Cir. 2007). “Substantial evidence is 18 more than a mere scintilla but less than a preponderance” of evidence and is such that “a 19 reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.” Id. (quoting Burch v. 20 Barnhart, 400 F.3d 676, 679 (9th Cir. 2005)). To determine whether substantial evidence 21 supports a decision, the record must be considered as a whole. Id. But if “the evidence is 22 susceptible to more than one rational interpretation, one of which supports the ALJ’s 23 decision, the ALJ’s conclusion must be upheld.” Thomas v. Barnhart, 278 F.3d 947, 954 24 (9th Cir. 2002). 25 To determine whether a claimant is disabled for purposes of the Act, the ALJ 26 follows a five-step process. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a). The claimant bears the burden of 27 proof on the first four steps, but the burden shifts to the Commissioner at step five. Tackett 28 v. Apfel, 180 F.3d 1094, 1098 (9th Cir. 1999). At the first step, the ALJ determines whether 1 the claimant is presently engaged in substantial gainful activity. 20 C.F.R. 2 § 404.1520(a)(4)(i). If so, the claimant is not disabled, and the inquiry ends. Id. At step 3 two, the ALJ determines whether the claimant has a “severe medically determinable 4 physical or mental impairment.” Id. § 404.1520(a)(4)(ii). If not, the claimant is not 5 disabled, and the inquiry ends. Id. At step three, the ALJ considers whether the claimant’s 6 impairment or combination of impairments meets or medically equals an impairment listed 7 in Appendix 1 to Subpart P of 20 C.F.R. Part 404. See id. § 404.1520(a)(4)(iii). If so, the 8 claimant is automatically found to be disabled. Id. If not, the ALJ proceeds to step four. 9 Id. At step four, the ALJ assesses the claimant’s RFC—the most he can do with his 10 impairments—and determines whether the claimant is still capable of performing past 11 relevant work. Id. § 404.1520(a)(4)(iv). If so, the claimant is not disabled, and the inquiry 12 ends. Id. If not, the ALJ proceeds to the fifth and final step, which is not relevant to this 13 appeal. 14 III. DISCUSSION 15 Claimant argues that the ALJ’s RFC finding was not supported by substantial 16 evidence because the ALJ failed to account for the “total limiting effects” of Claimant’s 17 impairments. (Doc. 14 at 1.) Specifically, he asserts that the ALJ erred by (1) improperly 18 omitting Claimant’s asserted need for an assistive device from both the RFC and the ALJ’s 19 hypothetical question to the VE, (Doc. 14 at 12–13, 14–16), and (2) omitting Claimant’s 20 asserted need for off-task time for management of pain and edema, and due to his 21 migraines, from the RFC, (id. at 13–14, 16–17). In making these arguments, Claimant also 22 asserts that the ALJ improperly discounted his symptom testimony. (Id. at 14–18). The 23 Court addresses each argument in turn. 24 A. Assistive Device and Standing/Walking Limitations 25 Claimant argues that in excluding an assistive device from the RFC and the 26 hypothetical posed to the VE, the ALJ erred by failing to apply SSR 96-9p—which sets 27 forth the standard for determining whether a hand-held assistive device is medically 28 required, (id. at 12–13), and by improperly discounting his symptom testimony, (id. at 16– 1 17). Claimant asserts that “at his best, the record patently supports that he requires a cane 2 to ambulate due to his severe CIDP, and that he could not stand and walk for [the] majority 3 of the workday,” and “at his worst, he required and was prescribed a walker and wheelchair 4 by his treating neurologist.” (Id. at 15.) 5 Although the ALJ did not reference SSR 96-9p in his decision, his conclusion that 6 an assistive device was not “medically required” was supported by substantial evidence 7 because there was no “medical documentation establishing the need for a hand-held 8 assistive device to aid in walking or standing,” SSR 96-9p, beyond a limited period of time. 9 Specifically, the ALJ found that while Claimant claimed to use an assistive device, 10 “treating physicians mentioned a walker only for the brief time upon recovering from 11 episodes” of CIDP, and not thereafter. (AR 28.) And the ALJ pointed out that Claimant 12 “listed multiple normal neurological examinations with normal gait and no mention of an 13 assistive device by Alia Askari, M.D. [AR 9968–88] and Andrew Sharobeem, DO [AR 14 10031–96] which dispel[led] any basis of a medical necessity for an assistive device.” (AR 15 29.) The ALJ also cited numerous medical records as examples of how Claimant’s “own 16 comments to treating physicians and observations of treating physicians” were inconsistent 17 with Claimant’s allegations. (See, e.g., AR 27 (citing AR 584–85 (no sensory or strength 18 deficits with normal range of motion); id. at 1586 (normal strength, sensation, motor 19 function, and range of motion); id. at 10037–38 (normal gait, balance, motor function, and 20 sensation, with range of motion in the spine and hip mildly reduced)).) 21 Further, the ALJ found that Claimant’s reports of activities “were indicative of 22 greater functional capacity than alleged,” (AR 28), such as Claimant’s frequent walks with 23 no reports of sensory perception impairments in January 2023, (AR 12438). The ALJ also 24 considered a June 2022 administrative medical finding by Dr. Dan Mirza, and an April 25 2023 reconsideration administrative medical finding by Dr. Ericka Wavak, —both finding 26 that Claimant could perform a light level of exertion, and both of which the ALJ found 27 generally persuasive. (AR 29.) Moreover, the ALJ considered Dr. Keith Cunningham’s 28 June 2022 physical consultative examination of Claimant, which also concluded that 1 Claimant could perform a light level of exertion, and which the ALJ found generally 2 persuasive. (Id.) 3 In Claimant’s briefs, he cites various portions of the record to argue he needed and 4 was prescribed an assistive device. (See, e.g., Doc. 14 at 15; Doc. 21 at 2–5.) But, as the 5 ALJ found, these records are from a “brief period of time” where Claimant had an episode 6 of CIDP, (AR 28), around January and February 2023. (See Doc. 14 at 15 (citing AR 7 7073–76 (January 2023); AR 12154 (January 2023); AR 12521 (January 2023); AR 6736 8 (February 2023)).) After this period, the record contains multiple references to Claimant’s 9 normal gait, strength, balance (see, e.g., AR 7093 (March 2023), 9046 (October 2023), 10 9864–65 (January 2024)), and range of motion, (see, e.g., AR 8080 (May 2023), 10317 11 (May 2023), 12902 (August 2023)). 12 Claimant briefly appears to argue, in perfunctory fashion, that the ALJ discounted 13 his symptom testimony regarding his need for and use of an assistive device. (Doc. 14 at 14 16–17; Doc. 21 at 5–6.) If an ALJ finds that a claimant “presented objective medical 15 evidence of an underlying impairment which could reasonably be expected to produce the 16 pain or other symptoms alleged,” and that there is “no evidence of malingering,” the ALJ 17 may “reject the claimant’s testimony about the severity of her symptoms only by offering 18 specific, clear and convincing reasons for doing so.” Revels v. Berryhill, 874 F.3d 648, 19 655 (9th Cir. 2017) (citation omitted). 20 Here, the ALJ generally found that Claimant’s testimony regarding the intensity, 21 persistence, and limiting effects of his symptoms were inconsistent because the medical 22 record did not fully support his allegations. (AR 25.) With respect to the assistive device, 23 the ALJ provided specific, clear and convincing reasons supported by substantial evidence 24 to properly reject Claimant’s symptom testimony, as described above. 25 Because the ALJ did not err in declining to reference an assistive device in the RFC, 26 he also did not err by failing to ask the VE how Claimant’s asserted reliance on assistive 27 devices would impact his ability to perform his past jobs or other jobs in the national 28 economy. See Leach v. Kijakazi, 70 F.4th 1251, 1254–55 (9th Cir. 2023) (stating that, when 1 the “ALJ’s question to a vocational expert accurately describes the claimant’s limitations,” 2 the ALJ “ordinarily may rely on the expert’s testimony” (emphasis omitted)). 3 B. Off-Task Time for Pain Management and Headaches 4 Claimant next contends that the ALJ erred by failing to include off-task time from 5 the RFC, arguing that the ALJ improperly ignored two medical records suggesting that 6 Claimant elevate his leg three times a day, (Doc. 14 at 13–14), and that the ALJ improperly 7 discounted Claimant’s statements and testimony regarding his severe headache impairment 8 by making conclusory findings based on a mischaracterization of the facts, (id. at 14, 16– 9 17). 10 With respect to the elevation of his leg, Claimant points to discharge instructions 11 from September 2023 advising him to elevate his legs above heart level multiple times a 12 day. (Id. at 14 (citing AR 9225 (“Raise (elevate) the injured area above the level of your 13 heart while you are sitting or lying down”); id. at 9302 (“Pt will elevate legs 15-30 mins 14 3xday as able”)).) While the ALJ did not discuss this instruction, the ALJ’s failure to 15 address every item in the record does not constitute legal error. See Howard ex rel. Wolff 16 v. Barnhart, 341 F.3d 1006, 1012 (9th Cir. 2003) (“In interpreting the evidence and 17 developing the record, the ALJ does not need to discuss every piece of evidence.” (citation 18 modified)). The ALJ’s lengthy discussion of the medical records, accompanied by multiple 19 exhibit citations, demonstrates that he properly considered the evidence in formulating the 20 RFC. (See generally AR 24–29.) 21 Substantial evidence supports the ALJ’s decision not to include an off-task time 22 limitation in the RFC. For example, the ALJ cited to medical records where Claimant 23 denied fatigue and weakness, (see, e.g., AR 5878, 10037–38), and physical examinations 24 showed normal musculoskeletal and/or neurological findings, (see, e.g., AR 1586 (normal 25 strength, range of motion, and motor), 7093 (normal strength, sensation, gait, and station)). 26 Further, the ALJ considered Claimant’s CIDP (“[t]he diagnosis for a number of 27 neurological complaints”) and incorporated limitations consistent with it, stating that it 28 contributed to “a light level of exertion and postural limitations” as well as avoidance of 1 “environmental conditions that might exacerbate [Claimant’s] symptoms.”2 (AR 25–26.) 2 The ALJ’s discussion of the evidence builds an accurate and logical bridge to the 3 RFC and explains the ALJ’s reasoning with sufficient specificity and clarity to allow for 4 meaningful review. Gomez-Perez v. Berryhill, 2017 WL 810275, at *2 (C.D. Cal. 2017); 5 see also Thomas, 278 F.3d at 954 (holding that if “the evidence is susceptible to more than 6 one rational interpretation, one of which supports the ALJ's decision, the ALJ’s conclusion 7 must be upheld”); Molina v. Astrue, 674 F.3d 1104, 1121 (9th Cir. 2012) (holding that, 8 “even when an agency explains its decision with less than ideal clarity,” the decision must 9 be upheld “if the agency’s path may reasonably be discerned”) (citation modified), 10 superseded on other grounds by 20 C.F.R. § 404.1502(a). 11 With respect to his headaches, Claimant argues “his relentless migraine headaches 12 were unrelieved by medication” and therefore the ALJ erred in finding that Claimant’s 13 migraines resolved with medication and that he often denied having headaches. (Doc. 14 14 at 16.) The ALJ, however, cited evidence establishing that Claimant’s migraines were not 15 intractable, as they resolved with treatment. (AR 26 (citing AR 9115).) Cf. Sanchez v. 16 Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 2022 WL 4798452, at *6 (D. Ariz. 2022) (ALJ’s finding that 17 migraines were not intractable “does not require further explanation” and, in the context of 18 a disability determination, is “sufficient explanation” for finding the migraines do not 19 “justify a reduction in RFC”), report and recommendation adopted, 2022 WL 4783758 (D. 20 Ariz. 2022). 21 Moreover, the ALJ’s decision to partially discount Claimant’s symptom testimony 22 concerning his headaches was based on specific, clear, and convincing reasons. See Revels, 23 874 F.3d at 655. The ALJ found that Claimant frequently denied headaches, (AR 26 (citing 24 inter alia AR 4432, 5676, 5943, 6011)), and that magnetic resonance imaging studies of

25 2 Additional evidence in the record also supports the ALJ’s conclusions. Claimant’s September 2023 general discharge instructions seem to be instructions for treating one 26 instance of edema rather than operating as a permanent instruction, as Claimant was directed to “[c]ontact a health care provider if . . . [y]our edema does not get better with 27 treatment,” (AR 9225), and return “in 4 months to reassess symptoms,” (AR 9303). Indeed, the record as a whole indicates Claimant’s edema were intermittent occurrences, as some 28 records, like these, note the existence of edema, while others found Claimant did not have edema. (See, e.g., AR 10038 (no edema), 10050–51 (same).) 1 || Claimant’s brain were essentially normal, (AR 26 (citing AR 1437, 6478)). 2 In any event, even if the ALJ did err in partially discounting the testimony, any error || was harmless. While the ALJ found that the “claimant’s statements regarding the intensity, 4|| persistence and limiting effects” of his symptoms were not fully supported by the medical 5 || record, the ALJ took Claimant’s headache history into account, as this “contributed to the || claimant’s light level of exertion,” “postural limitations,” and avoidance of “environmental 7\| conditions, including loud noise, that might exacerbate his symptoms.” (AR 26.) Put 8 || another way, the RFC includes limitations based on Claimant’s headaches. Cf Molina, 9|| 674F.3d at 1121 (“[S]everal of our cases have held that an ALJ’s error was harmless where || the ALJ provided one or more invalid reasons for disbelieving a claimant's testimony, but 11 || also provided valid reasons that were supported by the record.”). 12 Accordingly, 13 IT IS ORDERED that the decision of the ALJ is affirmed. 14 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED directing the Clerk of Court to enter final judgment 15 || consistent with this Order and close this case. 16 Dated this 29th day of August, 2025. 17 18 / 19 / 20 / H le Sharad H. Desai 22 United States District Judge 23 24 25 26 27 28

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