Singley v. Smith

844 So. 2d 448, 2003 WL 1846697
CourtMississippi Supreme Court
DecidedApril 10, 2003
Docket2001-CA-01156-SCT
StatusPublished
Cited by20 cases

This text of 844 So. 2d 448 (Singley v. Smith) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Mississippi Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Singley v. Smith, 844 So. 2d 448, 2003 WL 1846697 (Mich. 2003).

Opinion

844 So.2d 448 (2003)

Linda Ann SINGLEY and Steven Dale Singley
v.
Phillip Lee SMITH.

No. 2001-CA-01156-SCT.

Supreme Court of Mississippi.

April 10, 2003.

*449 Renee M. Porter, Columbia, Shirley Ann Taylor, Hattiesburg, attorneys for appellants.

James D. Holland, Ridgeland, George Martin Street, Jr., attorneys for appellee.

EN BANC.

SMITH, P.J., for the Court.

¶ 1. Linda Ann Singley and Steven Dale Singley appeal to this Court from an adverse decision of the Lamar County Circuit Court. The issue before the Court *450 concerns the course and scope of Coach Phillip Lee Smith's employment while supervising his baseball team's baseball throw booth at an event held by the Oak Grove High School PTA where Linda Singley was injured. Under the Mississippi Tort Claims Act, Miss.Code Ann. § § 11-46-1 to -23 (Rev.2002), there is a rebuttable presumption that any act or omission of a governmental employee within the time and at the place of employment is within the course and scope of employment. Id. § 11-46-5(3). After a thorough review of the record and briefs, we determine as a matter of first impression that proof by a preponderance of the evidence is necessary to overcome this rebuttable presumption. Next, we find that Coach Phillip Lee Smith (Smith) was acting within the course and scope of his employment. Finally, we hold that the release in question here absolutely discharges Smith from any liability for Singley's injuries.

FACTS

¶ 2. On October 20, 1994, Linda Ann Singley attended the Oak Grove Fall Festival where her daughter was working in a concessions booth. The Festival took place at Oak Grove High School in Lamar County, Mississippi, with the consent of school authorities, and was sponsored by the Oak Grove PTO, Inc. The purpose of the festival was to raise money for various organizations by operating booths or concessions. One such organization was the Oak Grove athletic booster club. It constructed and operated the baseball throw booth where participants threw a baseball at a backstop and a radar gun detected the speed of the throw. The bulk of the proceeds of the concession went towards the purchase of new sports equipment for Oak Grove athletics.

¶ 3. While standing in the vicinity of the baseball throw, Singley was struck by an errant baseball thrown by a participant in the concession. The ball struck Singley in her left eye causing the loss of her left eye, paralysis of the left side of her face and other injuries.

¶ 4. The baseball throw was designed by Oak Grove High School Assistant Baseball Coach Phillip Lee Smith (Smith), built under his direction by the baseball team, and overseen by Smith during the Festival. Smith was not named in the Singleys' October 1995 complaint. The defendants named in that complaint either settled with the Singleys or were dismissed by them. In January 1997, the Singleys amended their complaint to include Smith as a defendant. The amended complaint alleged Smith was negligent in the planning, construction, placement, operating, overseeing and maintaining of the concession because he knew or should have known that the placement and operation of the backstop of the concession was dangerous to patrons of the festival.

¶ 5. In May 2001, the Singleys settled with the remaining defendants (excluding Smith) and signed a release that stated

In the event a decision is made by the Court or jury in the trial of this case that Phillip Lee Smith was acting as an employee of the district, as that term is defined by the Mississippi Tort Claims Act, this release shall constitute a full and final release and in accord and satisfaction to all of those released herein, as well as Coach Phillip Lee Smith, in his capacity as employee.

¶ 6. In April 1997, Smith filed a motion for summary judgment. The circuit court heard oral arguments and granted the motion in December 1997, finding that Smith was acting in the course and scope of his employment and was therefore immune from liability under the Mississippi Tort Claims Act. The Singleys appealed this decision, and the Court of Appeals reversed *451 and remanded the case to the circuit court for additional findings of fact as there was a legitimate issue of fact as to whether Smith was acting within the course and scope of his employment. Singley v. Smith, 739 So.2d 448 (Miss.Ct. App.1999).

¶ 7. On remand, the circuit court conducted a bifurcated trial with the agreement of the parties. After hearing evidence concerning the issue of whether Smith was acting within the course and scope of his employment, the circuit court again found that Smith was acting within the course and scope of his employment, that the statute of limitations bars the Singleys' claims against Smith, and that the release discharges Smith from any liability for Singleys' injuries.

¶ 8. The Singleys now appeal that decision challenging whether Smith was acting in the course and scope of his employment.

DISCUSSION

¶ 9. In reviewing the decision of a trial judge sitting without a jury, this Court may only reverse when the findings of the trial judge are manifestly wrong or clearly erroneous. Amerson v. State, 648 So.2d 58, 60 (Miss.1994). A circuit judge sitting without a jury is accorded the same deference as a chancellor, his or her findings will not be overturned if supported by substantial evidence. Maldonado v. Kelly, 768 So.2d 906, 908 (Miss.2000).

¶ 10. In finding that Smith was acting within the course and scope of his employment, the circuit court cited Horton v. Jones, 208 Miss. 257, 44 So.2d 397 (1950), which held that courts must look to the totality of the circumstances and examine (1) the nature of the wrongful act, (2) the character of the employment, and (3) the time and place where the act was committed. Id.

¶ 11. The Singleys, however, cite Partrige v. Harvey, 805 So.2d 668 (Miss.Ct. App.2002), which cites both Horton and Thatcher v. Brennan, 657 F.Supp. 6 (S.D.Miss.1986), aff'd mem. 816 F.2d 675 (5th Cir.1987), in finding that to determine whether a person was acting within the course and scope of their employment, courts should (1) look to whether the employer authorized or ratified the acts of the employees, (2) evaluate whether the employee acted within the scope of employment; and (3) determine whether the employee's conduct is substantially different from that authorized and whether the act was done as a means of accomplishing the purposes of the employment and in furtherance of the master's business.

¶ 12. The Singleys then cite Sears, Roebuck & Co. v. Creekmore, 199 Miss. 48, 23 So.2d 250, 251 (1945), which held that

(1) The conduct of a servant is within the scope of employment only if
(a) it is of the kind he is employed to perform,
(b) it occurs substantially within the authorized time and space limits,
(c) it is actuated by a purpose to serve the master, and
(d) if force is intentionally used by the servant against another.

¶ 13. They also cite Southern Railway v. Garrett, 136 Miss. 219, 101 So. 348 (1924), for the proposition that an act committed outside the scope of employment does not make the master responsible unless he directed the act to be done or ratified it.

¶ 14. Smith takes a different approach, urging this Court to find that the Singleys must overcome a rebuttable presumption under Miss.Code Ann.

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Bluebook (online)
844 So. 2d 448, 2003 WL 1846697, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/singley-v-smith-miss-2003.