Simon v. Commonwealth

422 A.2d 1229, 55 Pa. Commw. 225, 1980 Pa. Commw. LEXIS 1974
CourtCommonwealth Court of Pennsylvania
DecidedDecember 9, 1980
DocketAppeal, No. 2568 C.D. 1979
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 422 A.2d 1229 (Simon v. Commonwealth) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Simon v. Commonwealth, 422 A.2d 1229, 55 Pa. Commw. 225, 1980 Pa. Commw. LEXIS 1974 (Pa. Ct. App. 1980).

Opinion

Opinion by

Judge Mencer,

B. Kenneth Simon (petitioner) appeals from an order of the Board of Finance and Bevenue which affirmed a decision of the Board of Appeals of the Department .of Bevenue denying petitioner’s claim for a refund of sales tax. We affirm.

The facts are not disputed. On October 17, 1973, petitioner, who is president and sole shareholder of All-Pat, Inc. (All-Pat), contracted with the Burroughs Corporation (Burroughs) to purchase computer equipment for use by All-Pat. Petitioner paid a sales tax to Burroughs on this purchase. Upon the receipt of the computer equipment on or about July 1,1974, petitioner entered into a lease-purchase agreement with All-Pat. In December of 1978, the Department of Bevenue, pursuant to an audit, levied a use tax assessment against All-Pat upon this same equipment. All-Pat paid the use tax and, on January 17, 1979, petitioner filed a petition for a refund of the sales tax, pursuant to Section 256 of the Tax Beform Code of 1971 (Code), Act of March 4, 1971, P.L. 6, as amended, 72 P.S. §7256. The refund was denied, by the administrative hearing boards.

The Commonwealth admits that petitioner could not properly be assessed for the sales tax, since his purchase would be exempted as either (1) a resale under Section 201(i) of the Code, 72 P.S. §7201(i); (2) a purchase of equipment for the purpose of renting to others or an isolated sale under Section 204 of the Code, 72 P.S. §7204; or (3) an acquisition un[227]*227der 61 Pa. Code §31.32(g) (1), pertaining to resale or rental of computer equipment. Since petitioner voluntarily, and erroneously, paid the sales tax, he would be entitled to a refund pursuant to Section 253, of the Code, 72 P.S. §7253, which provides that a petition for refund shall be filed “with the department within three years of the actual payment of the tax.” (Emphasis added.) It is undisputed that petitioner has not timely filed for refund under Section 253, and the Commonwealth argues that his petition should, therefore, be dismissed.

Petitioner contends, however, that the statute of limitations is extended in his case by virtue of Section 256 of the Code, which reads, in pertinent part:

Any party to a transaction who has paid tax by reason of a transaction with respect to which the department is assessing tax against another person may, within six months after the filing by the department of the assessment against such other person, file a special petition for refund, notwithstanding his failure to file a regular petition within three years of the payment. . . . The purpose of this section is to avoid duplicate payment of tax where a determination is made by the department that one party to a transaction is subject to tax, and another party to the transaction has previously paid tax with respect to such transaction and, as such, this section shall be construed as extending right beyond that provided for by Section 253, and not to limit such other section. (Emphasis added.)

Petitioner argues that he is entitled to relief under this section because he acquired the computer equipment for the sole purpose of leasing it to All-Pak. Thus, petitioner contends that, while two events may [228]*228have taken place, i.e., a purchase from Burroughs and a lease to All-Pak, only one transaction.has occurred, i.e., the acquisition of computer equipment for All-Pak. We disagree.

We believe that, this case is factually similar to Commonwealth v. Penn Fruit Co., 78 Dauph. 300 (1962).1 In Penn Fruit, a wholly owned subsidiary corporation entered into an agreement with the parent corporation, leasing to the parent various types of personal property used by the parent in its business. The subsidiary did business with no one other than the parent and had the samé officers- and directors as the parent. The entire cost of maintaining the subsidiary was borne by the parent, and the salaries of the clerical workers of the subsidiary were paid by the parent. All of the equipment purchased by the subsidiary was delivered directly to the parent, and all purchases were paid by checks made by the subsidiary. Both the parent and the subsidiary maintained separate records and accounts: ■

The subsidiary challenged the assessment ..of a sales tax against it, arguing that there was no' sale at retail between the companies because of the extremely close relationship between them. . The court refused to pierce the corporate veil, reasoning:

[229]*229Since a wholly owned subsidiary is generally incorporated or acquired by the parent corporation for the purpose of advantageously carrying on some phase of the parent corporation’s activities or business, the courts have been reluctant to disregard the separate legal entities of the parties merely to grant relief from sales, or similar, taxes at the expense of the state or its subdivision. Thus, the contention that because the wholly owned subsidiary and the parent corporation are so closely integratéd, sales by one to the other do not constitute ‘sales’ within the meaning of a sales tax, or similar, statute has been rejected by a number of courts.
. This conclusion has been reached in a number of states where the issue involved sales by a wholly owned subsidiary to the parent corporation, especially where the parties to the transaction have recognized their status as separate legal entities for a considerable time, enjoyed the economic advantages resulting therefrom and in making the transactions observed the usual formalities of purchase and sale, 64 A.L.R. 2d 771, citing: Rexall Drug Co. v. Peterson, 113 Cal. App. 2d 528 (1952), 248 Pac. 2d 433; Re Bush Terminal Co. (1938, CA 2 NY), 93 F.2d 661. See also Commonwealth v. Sylvan Seal Milk, Inc., 77 Dauphin 54, 59 (1961).
It is well established that the separate corporate identity of such parent corporation and its wholly owned subsidiary will not be disregarded in order to grant relief from sales and other similar taxes at the expense of the state, Superior Coal Co. v. Department of Finance, [230]*23036 N.E. 2d 354 (Ill. 1941); Northwestern Pac. R. Co. v. State Board of Equalization of California, 133 P.2d 400 (Cal. 1943); In re Bush Terminal Co. (1938, CA 2 NY), 93 F.2d 661 (1939); Rexall Drug Co. v. Peterson, 248 P.2d 433 (Cal. 1952); Simmons Hardware Co. v. City of St. Louis, 192 S.W. 394 (Mo. 1916). In these cases it was of no avail to the taxpayer's that the officers and directors of the parent and subsidiary were the same or that the parent corporation furnished accounting, financial, executive and managerial services for the subsidiary, nor was it of significance that the transactions between the parent and subsidiary did not result in a profit to one or the other.
We cannot, therefore, agree with the appellant’s contentions that these two corporar tions should be treated as one when, for all purposes, they operated as separate and distinct corporations fulfilling their separate and distinct objectives.

Id.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
422 A.2d 1229, 55 Pa. Commw. 225, 1980 Pa. Commw. LEXIS 1974, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/simon-v-commonwealth-pacommwct-1980.