8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10
11 MELVIN JOSEPH SIMMONS, Case No. 1:23-cv-00970-SAB
12 Plaintiff, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS RECOMMENDING DENYING MOTION 13 v. FOR RELIEF, DENYING MOTIONS FOR JOINDER, AND DISMISSING ACTION 14 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, FOR FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH EDUCATION AND WELFARE, et al., COURT ORDER, FAILURE TO 15 PROSECUTE, AND FAILURE TO PAY Defendants. FILING FEE 16 ORDER DIRECTING CLERK OF COURT 17 TO RANDOMLY ASSIGN DISTRICT JUDGE 18 (ECF Nos. 5, 6, 7, 8) 19 OBJECTIONS DUE WITHIN TWENTY- 20 ONE DAYS
21 22 I. 23 INTRODUCTION 24 Melvin Joseph Simmons (“Plaintiff”), currently incarcerated at the California State 25 Prison, Corcoran, and proceeding pro se, filed this action on June 28, 2023. (ECF No. 1.) 26 Plaintiff did not pay the filing fee, and on June 30, 2023, the Court issued an order requiring 27 Plaintiff to pay the filing fee, or file an application to proceed in forma pauperis. (ECF No. 5.) The Court afforded Plaintiff forty-five (45) days to comply, and thus the deadline, adding three 1 days for postal mail, will expire on August 17, 2023. On July 20, 2023, Plaintiff filed three 2 motions, but did not pay the filing fee or return an application to proceed in forma pauperis. 3 Given the tenor of the motions filed, the Court finds it proper to recommend the motions be 4 denied, and recommend this action be dismissed for failure to pay the filing fee, failure to 5 prosecute, and failure to comply with an order of the Court. However, given the deadline to file 6 the initial application to proceed in forma pauperis has not expired, if the Court receives 7 Plaintiff’s application or filing fee before August 17, 2023, the Court will consider whether it is 8 proper to withdraw the recommendation of dismissal of this action. 9 II. 10 DISCUSSION 11 First, Plaintiff filed a motion for relief from the Court’s order issued June 30, 2023. 12 (ECF No. 6.) There appears to be no valid basis for Plaintiff’s request to be relieved from the 13 order requiring him to pay the filing fee or application to proceed in forma pauperis. In part, 14 Plaintiff states: “Mistake in law or fact . .. [r]elating to Maritime law; the rules gover[n]ing 15 contracts, torts, and worker-compensation claims or relating to commerce on or over navigable 16 waters . . . [u]nder our savings clause to preserve a vested rights or claim of Shangaiing Sailors 17 conspiracy in connection with the overt acts of piracy.” (ECF No. 6 at 2.) 18 Second, Plaintiff filed a motion for joinder, and objections to the Court’s order. (ECF 19 No. 7.) Plaintiff’s filing states in part: “seamen may and can institute and prosecute suits and 20 appeals in their own names and for their own benefit for loss or stolen wages, and salvage of 21 imperiled maritime property . . . [n]aturally usable for travel or commerce in present current 22 condition. Net Asset Value $100,000,000,000.00[] U.S. Dollars Paid In Old Age Gold Standard 23 Bullions.” (ECF No. 7 at 2.) Third, Plaintiff filed another motion for joinder, stating in part that 24 Plaintiff “and his private ownership correlation . . . Secured Party Catholic Creditor and is the 25 real party in interest, bring this seamen’s suit civil rights action by way in motion for the already 26 foresaid joinder of issues.” (ECF No. 8 at 2.) There appears to be no valid basis for Plaintiff’s 27 motions for joinder at this stage of the proceeding, and based on Plaintiff’s complaint and review 1 Local Rule 110 provides that “[f]ailure of counsel or of a party to comply with these 2 Rules or with any order of the Court may be grounds for imposition by the Court of any and all 3 sanctions . . . within the inherent power of the Court.” The Court has the inherent power to 4 control its docket and may, in the exercise of that power, impose sanctions where appropriate, 5 including dismissal of the action. Bautista v. Los Angeles County, 216 F.3d 837, 841 (9th Cir. 6 2000); Ready Transp., Inc. v. AAR Mfg., Inc., 627 F.3d 402, 404 (9th Cir. 2010). 7 A court may dismiss an action based on a party’s failure to prosecute an action, failure to 8 obey a court order, or failure to comply with local rules. See, e.g. Ghazali v. Moran, 46 F.3d 52, 9 53-54 (9th Cir. 1995) (dismissal for noncompliance with local rule); Ferdik v. Bonzelet, 963 F.2d 10 1258, 1260-61 (9th Cir. 1992) (dismissal for failure to comply with an order to file an amended 11 complaint); Carey v. King, 856 F.2d 1439, 1440-41 (9th Cir. 1988) (dismissal for failure to 12 comply with local rule requiring pro se plaintiffs to keep court apprised of address); Malone v. 13 United States Postal Serv., 833 F.2d 128, 130 (9th Cir. 1987) (dismissal for failure to comply 14 with court order); Henderson v. Duncan, 779 F.2d 1421, 1424 (9th Cir. 1986) (dismissal for lack 15 of prosecution and failure to comply with local rules). 16 In determining whether to dismiss an action for failure to comply with a pretrial order, 17 the Court must weigh “(1) the public’s interest in expeditious resolution of litigation; (2) the 18 court’s need to manage its docket; (3) the risk of prejudice to the defendants; (4) the public 19 policy favoring disposition of cases on their merits; and (5) the availability of less drastic 20 sanctions.” In re Phenylpropanolamine (PPA) Products Liability Litigation, 460 F.3d 1217, 1226 21 (9th Cir. 2006); Thompson v. Hous. Auth. of City of Los Angeles, 782 F.2d 829, 831 (9th Cir. 22 1986). These factors guide a court in deciding what to do, and are not conditions that must be 23 met in order for a court to take action. In re Phenylpropanolamine (PPA) Products Liability 24 Litigation, 460 F.3d at 1226. 25 In this instance the public’s interest in expeditious resolution of the litigation and the 26 Court’s need to manage its docket weigh in favor of dismissal. Id. Plaintiff has not filed an 27 application to proceed in forma pauperis, nor paid the filing fee. Instead, Plaintiff filed a motion 1 Plaintiff’s request to be relieved from the requirement to comply with the order to submit an 2 application to proceed in forma pauperis, or to pay the filing fee. Although the deadline to file a 3 response to the Court’s order has not expired, the Court construes the filing of the motion as an 4 indication that Plaintiff does not intend to comply with the order, and instead has requested relief 5 from such order. Given the Court finds no valid basis for relief from the order, the Court finds 6 Plaintiff’s failure to comply hinders the Court’s ability to move this action towards disposition, 7 and indicates that Plaintiff does not intend to comply with the Court’s orders in good faith. 8 Since it appears that Plaintiff does not intend to litigate this action diligently and in good 9 faith, there arises a rebuttable presumption of prejudice to the defendants in this action. In re 10 Eisen, 31 F.3d 1447, 1452-53 (9th Cir. 1994).
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8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10
11 MELVIN JOSEPH SIMMONS, Case No. 1:23-cv-00970-SAB
12 Plaintiff, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS RECOMMENDING DENYING MOTION 13 v. FOR RELIEF, DENYING MOTIONS FOR JOINDER, AND DISMISSING ACTION 14 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, FOR FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH EDUCATION AND WELFARE, et al., COURT ORDER, FAILURE TO 15 PROSECUTE, AND FAILURE TO PAY Defendants. FILING FEE 16 ORDER DIRECTING CLERK OF COURT 17 TO RANDOMLY ASSIGN DISTRICT JUDGE 18 (ECF Nos. 5, 6, 7, 8) 19 OBJECTIONS DUE WITHIN TWENTY- 20 ONE DAYS
21 22 I. 23 INTRODUCTION 24 Melvin Joseph Simmons (“Plaintiff”), currently incarcerated at the California State 25 Prison, Corcoran, and proceeding pro se, filed this action on June 28, 2023. (ECF No. 1.) 26 Plaintiff did not pay the filing fee, and on June 30, 2023, the Court issued an order requiring 27 Plaintiff to pay the filing fee, or file an application to proceed in forma pauperis. (ECF No. 5.) The Court afforded Plaintiff forty-five (45) days to comply, and thus the deadline, adding three 1 days for postal mail, will expire on August 17, 2023. On July 20, 2023, Plaintiff filed three 2 motions, but did not pay the filing fee or return an application to proceed in forma pauperis. 3 Given the tenor of the motions filed, the Court finds it proper to recommend the motions be 4 denied, and recommend this action be dismissed for failure to pay the filing fee, failure to 5 prosecute, and failure to comply with an order of the Court. However, given the deadline to file 6 the initial application to proceed in forma pauperis has not expired, if the Court receives 7 Plaintiff’s application or filing fee before August 17, 2023, the Court will consider whether it is 8 proper to withdraw the recommendation of dismissal of this action. 9 II. 10 DISCUSSION 11 First, Plaintiff filed a motion for relief from the Court’s order issued June 30, 2023. 12 (ECF No. 6.) There appears to be no valid basis for Plaintiff’s request to be relieved from the 13 order requiring him to pay the filing fee or application to proceed in forma pauperis. In part, 14 Plaintiff states: “Mistake in law or fact . .. [r]elating to Maritime law; the rules gover[n]ing 15 contracts, torts, and worker-compensation claims or relating to commerce on or over navigable 16 waters . . . [u]nder our savings clause to preserve a vested rights or claim of Shangaiing Sailors 17 conspiracy in connection with the overt acts of piracy.” (ECF No. 6 at 2.) 18 Second, Plaintiff filed a motion for joinder, and objections to the Court’s order. (ECF 19 No. 7.) Plaintiff’s filing states in part: “seamen may and can institute and prosecute suits and 20 appeals in their own names and for their own benefit for loss or stolen wages, and salvage of 21 imperiled maritime property . . . [n]aturally usable for travel or commerce in present current 22 condition. Net Asset Value $100,000,000,000.00[] U.S. Dollars Paid In Old Age Gold Standard 23 Bullions.” (ECF No. 7 at 2.) Third, Plaintiff filed another motion for joinder, stating in part that 24 Plaintiff “and his private ownership correlation . . . Secured Party Catholic Creditor and is the 25 real party in interest, bring this seamen’s suit civil rights action by way in motion for the already 26 foresaid joinder of issues.” (ECF No. 8 at 2.) There appears to be no valid basis for Plaintiff’s 27 motions for joinder at this stage of the proceeding, and based on Plaintiff’s complaint and review 1 Local Rule 110 provides that “[f]ailure of counsel or of a party to comply with these 2 Rules or with any order of the Court may be grounds for imposition by the Court of any and all 3 sanctions . . . within the inherent power of the Court.” The Court has the inherent power to 4 control its docket and may, in the exercise of that power, impose sanctions where appropriate, 5 including dismissal of the action. Bautista v. Los Angeles County, 216 F.3d 837, 841 (9th Cir. 6 2000); Ready Transp., Inc. v. AAR Mfg., Inc., 627 F.3d 402, 404 (9th Cir. 2010). 7 A court may dismiss an action based on a party’s failure to prosecute an action, failure to 8 obey a court order, or failure to comply with local rules. See, e.g. Ghazali v. Moran, 46 F.3d 52, 9 53-54 (9th Cir. 1995) (dismissal for noncompliance with local rule); Ferdik v. Bonzelet, 963 F.2d 10 1258, 1260-61 (9th Cir. 1992) (dismissal for failure to comply with an order to file an amended 11 complaint); Carey v. King, 856 F.2d 1439, 1440-41 (9th Cir. 1988) (dismissal for failure to 12 comply with local rule requiring pro se plaintiffs to keep court apprised of address); Malone v. 13 United States Postal Serv., 833 F.2d 128, 130 (9th Cir. 1987) (dismissal for failure to comply 14 with court order); Henderson v. Duncan, 779 F.2d 1421, 1424 (9th Cir. 1986) (dismissal for lack 15 of prosecution and failure to comply with local rules). 16 In determining whether to dismiss an action for failure to comply with a pretrial order, 17 the Court must weigh “(1) the public’s interest in expeditious resolution of litigation; (2) the 18 court’s need to manage its docket; (3) the risk of prejudice to the defendants; (4) the public 19 policy favoring disposition of cases on their merits; and (5) the availability of less drastic 20 sanctions.” In re Phenylpropanolamine (PPA) Products Liability Litigation, 460 F.3d 1217, 1226 21 (9th Cir. 2006); Thompson v. Hous. Auth. of City of Los Angeles, 782 F.2d 829, 831 (9th Cir. 22 1986). These factors guide a court in deciding what to do, and are not conditions that must be 23 met in order for a court to take action. In re Phenylpropanolamine (PPA) Products Liability 24 Litigation, 460 F.3d at 1226. 25 In this instance the public’s interest in expeditious resolution of the litigation and the 26 Court’s need to manage its docket weigh in favor of dismissal. Id. Plaintiff has not filed an 27 application to proceed in forma pauperis, nor paid the filing fee. Instead, Plaintiff filed a motion 1 Plaintiff’s request to be relieved from the requirement to comply with the order to submit an 2 application to proceed in forma pauperis, or to pay the filing fee. Although the deadline to file a 3 response to the Court’s order has not expired, the Court construes the filing of the motion as an 4 indication that Plaintiff does not intend to comply with the order, and instead has requested relief 5 from such order. Given the Court finds no valid basis for relief from the order, the Court finds 6 Plaintiff’s failure to comply hinders the Court’s ability to move this action towards disposition, 7 and indicates that Plaintiff does not intend to comply with the Court’s orders in good faith. 8 Since it appears that Plaintiff does not intend to litigate this action diligently and in good 9 faith, there arises a rebuttable presumption of prejudice to the defendants in this action. In re 10 Eisen, 31 F.3d 1447, 1452-53 (9th Cir. 1994). The risk of prejudice to the defendants also 11 weighs in favor of dismissal. 12 The public policy in favor of deciding cases on their merits is outweighed by the factors 13 in favor of dismissal. It is Plaintiff’s responsibility to move this action forward. This action can 14 proceed no further without Plaintiff’s cooperation and compliance with the order at issue, and the 15 action cannot simply remain idle on the Court’s docket, unprosecuted. In this instance, the 16 fourth factor does not outweigh Plaintiff’s failure to comply with the Court’s orders. 17 Finally, a court’s warning to a party that their failure to obey the court’s order will result 18 in dismissal satisfies the “consideration of alternatives” requirement. Ferdik, 963 F.2d at 1262; 19 Malone, 833 at 132-33; Henderson, 779 F.2d at 1424. The Court’s June 30, 2023, order 20 expressly stated: “Failure to comply with this order will result in dismissal of this action.” (ECF 21 No. 5 at 2.) Thus, Plaintiff had adequate warning that dismissal of this action would result from 22 noncompliance with the Court’s order. Further, Plaintiff may still file an application to 23 proceed in forma pauperis or pay the filing fee before the initial deadline to do so, and 24 within the objection period, and the Court will consider the application, and withdraw the 25 recommendation to dismiss this action if the filing fee is paid. However, such filing or 26 payment will not impact the Court’s recommendation to deny Plaintiff’s motions for relief 27 and joinder. 1 Il. 2 RECOMMENDATION AND ORDER 3 Accordingly, IT IS HEREBY RECOMMENDED that: 4 1. Plaintiff's motion for relief (ECF No. 6) be DENIED; 5 2. Plaintiff's motion for joinder (ECF No. 7) be DENIED; 6 3. Plaintiff's motion for joinder (ECF No. 8) be DENIED; and 7 4. This action be DISMISSED for Plaintiffs failure to pay the filing fee or file an 8 application to proceed in forma pauperis, failure to abide by the Court’s order, 9 and failure to prosecute, unless an application to proceed in forma pauperis is 10 received, or Plaintiff pays the filing fee, on or before August 17, 2023. 11 These findings and recommendations are submitted to the district judge assigned to this 12 | action, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(B) and this Court’s Local Rule 304. Within twenty- 13 | one (21) days of service of this recommendation, Plaintiff may file written objections to this 14 | findings and recommendations with the court. Such a document should be captioned 15 | “Objections to Magistrate Judge’s Findings and Recommendations.” The District Judge will 16 review the magistrate judge’s findings and recommendations pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 17 | 636(b)(1)(C). Plaintiff is advised that failure to file objections within the specified time may 18 | result in the waiver of rights on appeal. Wilkerson v. Wheeler, 772 F.3d 834, 839 (9th Cir. 2014) 19 | (citing Baxter v. Sullivan, 923 F.2d 1391, 1394 (9th Cir. 1991)). 20 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the Clerk of the Court be DIRECTED to randomly 21 | assign a District Judge to this action. 22 73 IT IS SO ORDERED. DAM Le 24 | Dated: _July 24, 2023 _ ef 05 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE
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