Case: 17-14517 Date Filed: 10/17/2018 Page: 1 of 7
[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT ________________________
No. 17-14517 Non-Argument Calendar ________________________
D.C. Docket No. 3:14-cv-01211-MMH-MCR
SIGITAS BRINKLYS, AURELIJA CARUSO, Plaintiffs-Appellants,
versus
JEH JOHNSON, Secretary, Department of Homeland Security, U.S. ATTORNEY GENERAL, LEON RODRIGUEZ, Director, Citizenship and Immigration Services, JUAN P. OSUNA, Director, Executive Office for Immigration Review, SECRETARY JOHN F. KELLY,
Defendants-Appellees.
________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida ________________________
(October 17, 2018) Case: 17-14517 Date Filed: 10/17/2018 Page: 2 of 7
Before ED CARNES, Chief Judge, BRANCH, and FAY, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
Sigitas Brinklys and Aurelija Caruso appeal the district court’s denial of
their motion to vacate its earlier order granting summary judgment to the
government.
I.
Aurelija Caruso and Raimondas Kalinauskas arrived in the United States as
Lithuanian citizens in 2000 on visitor’s visas with permission to stay for six
months.1 They listed the same intended address on their visa applications. In 2003
Aurelija married United States citizen Frank Caruso and, one month after that,
Kalinauskas married United States citizen Luzmaria Martinez. 2 Frank and
Martinez both filed petitions seeking immigrant visas for their new spouses on the
same day. But Frank and Aurelija divorced before the United States Citizenship
and Immigration Service (CIS) could make a decision about Frank’s petition.
Aurelija married Sigitas Brinklys in 2007, two months after divorcing Frank.
A few months later, Brinklys, like Frank, filed a petition seeking an immigrant visa
for Aurelija. The CIS reviewed Brinklys’ petition and issued him a notice stating
1 We previously set forth the facts of this case in our decision affirming the district court’s grant of summary judgment to the government, see Brinklys v. Sec’y, Dep’t of Homeland Sec., 702 F. App’x 856 (11th Cir. 2017) (unpublished), so we will recount only the facts essential to this appeal. 2 We will refer to Aurejlia Caruso and Frank Caruso by their first names because the two share the same last name. 2 Case: 17-14517 Date Filed: 10/17/2018 Page: 3 of 7
that it intended to deny his petition based on its finding that Aurelija married Frank
in 2003 to evade immigration laws.
In its notice the CIS explained how it arrived at that finding. During their
2005 interview with the CIS, for example, Aurelija and Frank had claimed that
they lived together in Plainfield, Illinois and presented identification cards
reflecting the same address. Frank’s card, however, was issued only three days
before the interview. The same year Frank’s mother told United States
Immigrations and Customs Enforcement investigators that Frank was unmarried
and that he lived in an apartment in Carol Stream, Illinois, which his lease
agreement verified. The CIS pointed to property records showing that Aurelija and
Kalinauskas purchased the Plainfield property as husband and wife with ownership
rights as joint tenants. It also noted that Martinez, Kalinauskas’ wife and a United
States citizen, admitted that her marriage to Kalinauskas was a sham and that
Aurelija offered to pay her up to $10,000 to attend Kalinauskas’ CIS interview
with him. And the CIS recounted certain incriminating details contained in arrest
reports of Kalinauskas and Frank. When law enforcement officers arrested
Kalinauskas at the Plainfield property, he told them that he lived there with
Aurelija. And when officers arrested Frank for driving under the influence, he
listed the Carol Stream address as his residence.
3 Case: 17-14517 Date Filed: 10/17/2018 Page: 4 of 7
The CIS denied Brinklys’ petition, a decision that the Board of Immigration
Appeals affirmed. Brinklys then sued the government but the district court granted
summary judgment to it. 3 We affirmed. See Brinklys v. Sec’y, Dep’t of
Homeland Sec., 702 F. App’x 856 (11th Cir. 2017) (unpublished).
After that Brinklys filed a motion with the district court requesting that it
vacate under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b) its order granting summary
judgment. He did so after obtaining copies of Kalinauskas’ and Frank’s arrest
reports and discovering that the administrative record that the government
submitted before moving for summary judgment was missing certain documents,
including reference letters and administrative forms. Despite receiving those
documents about five years earlier under a Freedom of Information Act request,
Brinklys did not supplement the record with them or object to their absence from
the record before the district court granted summary judgment. The district court
denied Brinklys’ motion. This is his appeal.
II.
Brinklys contends that the district court abused its discretion in denying his
motion to vacate. He argues that because he presented newly discovered
evidence — the arrest reports and missing documents — that would have produced
3 Both Brinklys and Aurelija sued the government, though for ease of reference we will collectively refer to them as Brinklys unless context makes it necessary to mention them individually. 4 Case: 17-14517 Date Filed: 10/17/2018 Page: 5 of 7
a different result, the district court should have vacated its order under Rule
60(b)(2). He also argues that the district court should have vacated its order under
Rule 60(b)(3) because the government misrepresented the evidence in, and
withheld evidence from, the administrative record that it submitted to the court.
We review only for abuse of discretion a district court’s denial of a Rule
60(b) motion to vacate. Cano v. Baker, 435 F.3d 1337, 1342 (11th Cir. 2006). To
demonstrate that the district court abused its discretion in denying a Rule 60(b)
motion, the movant “must provide a justification so compelling that the district
court was required to vacate its order.” Id. (quotation marks and brackets omitted).
A.
Brinklys first argues that the district court abused its discretion in denying
his motion to vacate under Rule 60(b)(2) because he presented newly discovered
evidence that would have produced a different result. We disagree.
Rule 60(b)(2) provides that a district court may vacate an order if the movant
presents “newly discovered evidence that, with reasonable diligence, could not
have been discovered in time to move for a new trial.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b)(2).
The movant must show, among other things, that the newly discovered evidence
“would probably produce a new result.” Toole v. Baxter Healthcare Corp., 235
F.3d 1307, 1316 (11th Cir. 2000). A motion to vacate based on newly discovered
5 Case: 17-14517 Date Filed: 10/17/2018 Page: 6 of 7
evidence “is an extraordinary motion.” Scutieri v. Paige, 808 F.2d 785, 793 (11th
Cir. 1987).
Even if we view the arrest reports and missing documents as newly
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Case: 17-14517 Date Filed: 10/17/2018 Page: 1 of 7
[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT ________________________
No. 17-14517 Non-Argument Calendar ________________________
D.C. Docket No. 3:14-cv-01211-MMH-MCR
SIGITAS BRINKLYS, AURELIJA CARUSO, Plaintiffs-Appellants,
versus
JEH JOHNSON, Secretary, Department of Homeland Security, U.S. ATTORNEY GENERAL, LEON RODRIGUEZ, Director, Citizenship and Immigration Services, JUAN P. OSUNA, Director, Executive Office for Immigration Review, SECRETARY JOHN F. KELLY,
Defendants-Appellees.
________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida ________________________
(October 17, 2018) Case: 17-14517 Date Filed: 10/17/2018 Page: 2 of 7
Before ED CARNES, Chief Judge, BRANCH, and FAY, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
Sigitas Brinklys and Aurelija Caruso appeal the district court’s denial of
their motion to vacate its earlier order granting summary judgment to the
government.
I.
Aurelija Caruso and Raimondas Kalinauskas arrived in the United States as
Lithuanian citizens in 2000 on visitor’s visas with permission to stay for six
months.1 They listed the same intended address on their visa applications. In 2003
Aurelija married United States citizen Frank Caruso and, one month after that,
Kalinauskas married United States citizen Luzmaria Martinez. 2 Frank and
Martinez both filed petitions seeking immigrant visas for their new spouses on the
same day. But Frank and Aurelija divorced before the United States Citizenship
and Immigration Service (CIS) could make a decision about Frank’s petition.
Aurelija married Sigitas Brinklys in 2007, two months after divorcing Frank.
A few months later, Brinklys, like Frank, filed a petition seeking an immigrant visa
for Aurelija. The CIS reviewed Brinklys’ petition and issued him a notice stating
1 We previously set forth the facts of this case in our decision affirming the district court’s grant of summary judgment to the government, see Brinklys v. Sec’y, Dep’t of Homeland Sec., 702 F. App’x 856 (11th Cir. 2017) (unpublished), so we will recount only the facts essential to this appeal. 2 We will refer to Aurejlia Caruso and Frank Caruso by their first names because the two share the same last name. 2 Case: 17-14517 Date Filed: 10/17/2018 Page: 3 of 7
that it intended to deny his petition based on its finding that Aurelija married Frank
in 2003 to evade immigration laws.
In its notice the CIS explained how it arrived at that finding. During their
2005 interview with the CIS, for example, Aurelija and Frank had claimed that
they lived together in Plainfield, Illinois and presented identification cards
reflecting the same address. Frank’s card, however, was issued only three days
before the interview. The same year Frank’s mother told United States
Immigrations and Customs Enforcement investigators that Frank was unmarried
and that he lived in an apartment in Carol Stream, Illinois, which his lease
agreement verified. The CIS pointed to property records showing that Aurelija and
Kalinauskas purchased the Plainfield property as husband and wife with ownership
rights as joint tenants. It also noted that Martinez, Kalinauskas’ wife and a United
States citizen, admitted that her marriage to Kalinauskas was a sham and that
Aurelija offered to pay her up to $10,000 to attend Kalinauskas’ CIS interview
with him. And the CIS recounted certain incriminating details contained in arrest
reports of Kalinauskas and Frank. When law enforcement officers arrested
Kalinauskas at the Plainfield property, he told them that he lived there with
Aurelija. And when officers arrested Frank for driving under the influence, he
listed the Carol Stream address as his residence.
3 Case: 17-14517 Date Filed: 10/17/2018 Page: 4 of 7
The CIS denied Brinklys’ petition, a decision that the Board of Immigration
Appeals affirmed. Brinklys then sued the government but the district court granted
summary judgment to it. 3 We affirmed. See Brinklys v. Sec’y, Dep’t of
Homeland Sec., 702 F. App’x 856 (11th Cir. 2017) (unpublished).
After that Brinklys filed a motion with the district court requesting that it
vacate under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b) its order granting summary
judgment. He did so after obtaining copies of Kalinauskas’ and Frank’s arrest
reports and discovering that the administrative record that the government
submitted before moving for summary judgment was missing certain documents,
including reference letters and administrative forms. Despite receiving those
documents about five years earlier under a Freedom of Information Act request,
Brinklys did not supplement the record with them or object to their absence from
the record before the district court granted summary judgment. The district court
denied Brinklys’ motion. This is his appeal.
II.
Brinklys contends that the district court abused its discretion in denying his
motion to vacate. He argues that because he presented newly discovered
evidence — the arrest reports and missing documents — that would have produced
3 Both Brinklys and Aurelija sued the government, though for ease of reference we will collectively refer to them as Brinklys unless context makes it necessary to mention them individually. 4 Case: 17-14517 Date Filed: 10/17/2018 Page: 5 of 7
a different result, the district court should have vacated its order under Rule
60(b)(2). He also argues that the district court should have vacated its order under
Rule 60(b)(3) because the government misrepresented the evidence in, and
withheld evidence from, the administrative record that it submitted to the court.
We review only for abuse of discretion a district court’s denial of a Rule
60(b) motion to vacate. Cano v. Baker, 435 F.3d 1337, 1342 (11th Cir. 2006). To
demonstrate that the district court abused its discretion in denying a Rule 60(b)
motion, the movant “must provide a justification so compelling that the district
court was required to vacate its order.” Id. (quotation marks and brackets omitted).
A.
Brinklys first argues that the district court abused its discretion in denying
his motion to vacate under Rule 60(b)(2) because he presented newly discovered
evidence that would have produced a different result. We disagree.
Rule 60(b)(2) provides that a district court may vacate an order if the movant
presents “newly discovered evidence that, with reasonable diligence, could not
have been discovered in time to move for a new trial.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b)(2).
The movant must show, among other things, that the newly discovered evidence
“would probably produce a new result.” Toole v. Baxter Healthcare Corp., 235
F.3d 1307, 1316 (11th Cir. 2000). A motion to vacate based on newly discovered
5 Case: 17-14517 Date Filed: 10/17/2018 Page: 6 of 7
evidence “is an extraordinary motion.” Scutieri v. Paige, 808 F.2d 785, 793 (11th
Cir. 1987).
Even if we view the arrest reports and missing documents as newly
discovered evidence within the meaning of Rule 60(b)(2), they would not produce
a new result in light of the other evidence in the record. Aurelija and Kalinauskas
listed the same intended address on their visa applications. Their spouses filed
petitions seeking immigrant visas on their behalf on the same day. Contrary to
Aurelija and Frank’s claim that they lived together in Plainfield, Illinois, Frank’s
mother stated that he was unmarried and that, as his lease agreement confirms, he
lived in an apartment in Carol Stream, Illinois. And so on. “The outcome of this
case would . . . not be changed because of” the arrest reports and missing
documents. See id. at 794.
B.
Brinklys next argues that the district court abused its discretion in denying
his motion to vacate under Rule 60(b)(3) because the government misrepresented
the contents of the arrest reports and withheld documents from the administrative
record, which required the district court to vacate its order. We reject that
argument.
A district court may vacate an order under Rule 60(b)(3) if the movant
proves by clear and convincing evidence that the adverse party engaged in fraud,
6 Case: 17-14517 Date Filed: 10/17/2018 Page: 7 of 7
misrepresentation, or misconduct. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b)(3); Frederick v. Kirby
Tankships, Inc., 205 F.3d 1277, 1287 (11th Cir. 2000). The movant “must also
show that the conduct prevented the losing party from fully and fairly presenting
his case or defense.” Frederick, 205 F.3d at 1287.
Brinklys has not shown that the government’s purported misrepresentations
of the arrest reports or withholding of documents prevented him from fully and
fairly presenting his case. The government did not prevent him from obtaining the
arrest reports, which he could have done before — and which he did after — the
district court granted summary judgment to the government. And the government
did not prevent him from obtaining the documents missing from the administrative
record. Instead, the government provided those documents to Brinklys after he
filed a Freedom of Information Act request nearly five years before the district
court granted summary judgment to the government. It was Brinklys’ “decision,
not fraud by Defendants, that prevented [him] from fully presenting” his case.
Waddell v. Hendry Cty. Sheriff’s Office, 329 F.3d 1300, 1310 (11th Cir. 2003). 4
AFFIRMED.
4 We also reject Brinklys’ argument that the district court abused its discretion in denying his motion to vacate under Rule 60(b)(5) because it was inequitable for the court to give its order prospective application. It is equitable to prospectively apply an order when, as here, there is no “significant change either in factual conditions or in law.” Horne v. Flores, 557 U.S. 433, 447, 129 S. Ct. 2579, 2593 (2009) (quotation marks omitted). And we reject Brinklys’ argument that that the district court abused its discretion in denying his motion to vacate under Rule 60(b)(6) because justice required it to do so. Brinklys has failed to point to a “sufficiently extraordinary [circumstance] to warrant” Rule 60(b)(6) relief. Cano, 435 F.3d at 1342 (quotation marks omitted). 7