Shumway v. Home Fire & Marine Insurance Co. of California

17 N.E.2d 212, 301 Mass. 391, 1938 Mass. LEXIS 1062
CourtMassachusetts Supreme Judicial Court
DecidedOctober 28, 1938
StatusPublished
Cited by22 cases

This text of 17 N.E.2d 212 (Shumway v. Home Fire & Marine Insurance Co. of California) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Shumway v. Home Fire & Marine Insurance Co. of California, 17 N.E.2d 212, 301 Mass. 391, 1938 Mass. LEXIS 1062 (Mass. 1938).

Opinion

Ronan, J.

The plaintiff seeks to recover for a loss by fire upon a building which, he alleges, was insured with the •defendant by an oral contract of insurance. The jury returned a verdict for the plaintiff. The defendant excepted to the admission of evidence, to the refusal to direct a verdict, and to the refusal to grant requests for instructions.

In the spring of 1935, the trustees of Smith College entered into a written contract with E. J. Pinney Co. Inc. for the erection of a dormitory upon a site which was then occupied by various buildings, including the house, now in question, numbered 180 Elm Street. The contract required the contractor to raze these buildings, but reserved to the college the right to remove plumbing, electrical fixtures, oil burners and boilers. The plaintiff agreed with the contractor to purchase the house for $250, paying $10 on deposit with the right to pay the balance within ninety days. He was allowed thirty days to remove the building. A receipt, executed by the contractor and setting forth these terms, was given to the plaintiff on April 22, 1935. The plaintiff on May 3, 1935, got a bill of sale of the plumbing, piping and wiring contained in this house from the superintendent of buildings and grounds of the college. The goods [393]*393were billed at $50, payment of which was to be on or before July 3, 1935. The plaintiff received the key of the house from the superintendent, and, after taking possession, removed portions of the underpinning, steps, lattice work and a doorway, disconnected the plumbing, removed the steam pipes, and did other work preparatory to moving the building.

The defendant, a foreign corporation, was authorized to transact business in this Commonwealth. One Noble was licensed as its agent under G. L. (Ter. Ed.) c. 175, § 163. The plaintiff had done insurance business with him for eighteen years. About a week before the fire he told Noble he had bought the house and to Noble’s suggestion “about putting some insurance on it,” the plaintiff said, “You better cover it, take care of it.” Noble said, “I think $4000 would be all right.” The plaintiff replied, “That’s O. K. with me.” He met Noble again a few days before the fire, when Noble told him that his policy “will be here in a few days. The building is covered.” Noble wrote the defendant’s special agent at Hartford on May 14, 1935, recalling that he had spoken to him on the previous Friday about the insurance on this dwelling which was to be moved to Maynard Road. Noble further wrote that he had bound it in the amount of $4,000 and inquired how the location of the property should be described in the policy and if there would be any increase in the rate. Noble had also entered a binder in his order book covering the house in both locations and while in transit for $4,000, subject to the provisions of the standard form of policy.

The building was damaged by fire on May 16, 1935. It was subsequently repaired and moved to its new location. There was evidence that the fair value of the house was $5,500 and that it would cost $2,900 to repair the damage caused by the fire. A sworn statement of the loss was mailed to the defendant on May 29, 1935, and a reference to determine the damage was waived by the defendant. There was a verdict for the plaintiff in the sum of $1,798.50. In answer to questions submitted, the jury found that the plaintiff had an insurable interest; that Noble had orally [394]*394agreed to cover the house with insurance; that the sound value of the plaintiff’s insurable interest was $3,000; and that the fire loss was $1,650.

The defendant contends that Noble was not authorized to make an oral contract of insurance upon this risk. It is clear,, however, that Noble had been appointed the defendant’s agent to issue and countersign policies and to collect the premiums and, having been licensed by the commissioner of insurance under G. L. (Ter. Ed.) c. 175, § 163, the defendant was "bound by the acts of the person named in the license within the scope of his apparent authority as its acknowledged agent while such license . . . [remained] in force.” The jury could find that the binding of this risk was within the ostensible power of the defendant’s agent. It is settled that such an agent has authority to bind his principal by making an oral contract of insurance pending the issuance of a policy. Brown v. Franklin Mutual Fire Ins. Co. 165 Mass. 565. Green v. Star Fire Ins. Co. 190 Mass. 586. Park & Pollard Co. v. Agricultural Ins. Co. 238 Mass. 187.

The. statements of Noble to the plaintiff in negotiating the insurance, the entry of the binder upon his order book and his letter to the defendant’s special agent, could all be found to be transactions required by the nature of the business and within the scope of his appointment. The exceptions to the introduction of such evidence are without merit. Putnam v. Home Ins. Co. 123 Mass. 324. Emery v. Boston Marine Ins. Co. 138 Mass. 398.

The defendant also contends that no oral contract of insurance was proved. Upon all the evidence the jury were warranted in finding that the defendant, through its agent, had made such a contract of insurance with the plaintiff upon his house, in the amount of $4,000, and that the risk had immediately attached and was to continue until a policy which was expected to be issued in a few days could be delivered to the plaintiff. Sanborn v. Fireman’s Ins. Co. 16 Gray, 448. Sanford v. Orient Ins. Co. 174 Mass. 416. The fact that the plaintiff did not pay any premium is not decisive, as Noble could be found to have extended credit [395]*395to him. Baker v. Commercial Union Assurance Co. 162 Mass. 358. Upon the evidence, it is clear that the rate was not known to the parties, and Noble had written to the special agent to ascertain not only the rate but also how to describe in the policy the building which was to have different locations until it finally arrived at its destination. The building, however, was insured, when the loss occurred, for a reasonable time. An oral agreement for insurance is not rendered invalid because more information must be had before a policy can be written. Scammell v. China Mutual Ins. Co. 164 Mass. 341. Park & Pollard Co. v. Agricultural Ins. Co. 238 Mass. 187, 193. The declaration of Noble that “The building is covered” tended to show that the parties had so far as necessary agreed upon all the essential terms of their contract. “The meaning of those words ordinarily as applied to fire insurance is that the property shall be insured in the standard form of insurance from that instant for a reasonable time until either the policy or policies can be written out or their issuance approved or disapproved by authorized- representatives of the insurer, or some other temporary impediment to the complete and formal contract of insurance may be removed. It constitutes insurance for a reasonable time' considering all the attendant conditions.” McQuaid v. Aetna Ins. Co. 226 Mass. 281, 284. Mowles v. Boston Ins. Co. 226 Mass. 426.

The defendant contends that the plaintiff had no insurable interest in the house at the time of the fire. He had acquired his rights from both the college and the contractor. Whether he had the legal or equitable title to the house before it was severed from the land — see Shaw v. Carbrey, 13 Allen, 462; Welch v. McNeil, 214 Mass.

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Bluebook (online)
17 N.E.2d 212, 301 Mass. 391, 1938 Mass. LEXIS 1062, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/shumway-v-home-fire-marine-insurance-co-of-california-mass-1938.