Shreveport Bolt and Screw Co., Inc. v. Access.1 Communications Corp.-NY

• Court: Louisiana Court of Appeal
• Decided: July 16, 2025
• Docket: 56,355-CA
• Status: Published

Opinion

Judgment rendered July 16, 2025. Application for rehearing may be filed within the delay allowed by Art. 2166, La. C.C.P.

No. 56,355-CA

COURT OF APPEAL SECOND CIRCUIT STATE OF LOUISIANA

*****

SHREVEPORT BOLT AND Plaintiff-Appellee SCREW CO., INC.

versus

ACCESS.1 COMMUNICATIONS Defendant CORP.-NY

Appealed from the Twenty-Sixth Judicial District Court for the Parish of Bossier, Louisiana Trial Court No. 161,303

Honorable Michael Nerren, Judge

MCCABE LAW FIRM, LLC Counsel for By: Ryan M. McCabe Defendant-Appellant, VB-S1 Assets, LLC

ROBERT WAYNE COOK Counsel for Plaintiff-Appellee

Before STEPHENS, HUNTER, and MARCOTTE, JJ. HUNTER, J.

Defendant, VB-S1 Assets, LLC, appeals a district court judgment

which denied, in part, its motion for summary judgment, and determined the

lease “shall terminate at the conclusion of current renewal period on May 31,

2029.” For the following reasons, we reverse the portion of the judgment

which denied the motion and grant summary judgment in favor of VB-S1

Assets, LLC.

FACTS

Plaintiff, Shreveport Bolt and Screw, Inc. (“Shreveport Bolt”), is the

owner of immovable property situated in Bossier Parish. Joseph Cook (“Mr.

Cook”), the president and owner of Shreveport Bolt, died on January 18,

2013. Prior to his death, he executed a last will and testament, in which he

purportedly left his entire estate to his daughter, Dianne Cook. Probate

proceedings commenced, and Dianne Cook was appointed independent

administrator of the succession and later obtained a judgment of possession

placing her in possession of her father’s property. Mr. Cook’s sons, David

and Robert Cook, filed a petition to annul the will. Following a hearing, the

district court took the matter under advisement.

While the succession matter was under advisement, on May 1, 2014,

Dianne Cook, on behalf of “SB&S, Inc.,” signed an agreement to lease the

property to Access.1 Communications Corp.-NY (“Access.1”). The lease

was for a five-year term, June 1, 2014, through May 31, 2019, and provided

four successive five-year options to extend, which extended the term of the

lease to 25 years. On April 6, 2015, Access.1 assigned the lease at issue to

Alpha Media, LLC, which on November 3, 2015, assigned it to VBA II, LLC. In 2016, VBA II, LLC was merged into another entity, VB-S1 Assets,

LLC (“VB-S1”).1

Ultimately, Mr. Cook’s last will and testament was annulled, the

judgment of possession was vacated, and David and Robert Cook were

declared to be heirs to Mr. Cook’s estate, which included ownership of

Shreveport Bolt and the property in dispute herein. At some point in 2015,

the David and Robert Cook learned of the existence of the lease executed by

Dianne Cook, and in 2017, they obtained an order in the succession

proceedings which authorized them to open and maintain an escrow account

on behalf of the estate and deposit rental payments “to be held pending

determination of the validity of such lease agreement in further proceedings

herein.” However, David and Robert Cook did not move to invalidate the

lease agreement at that time.

On December 23, 2019, Shreveport Bolt, through its officers and

shareholders, David and Robert Cook, filed a petition for declaratory

judgment, seeking a judgment declaring the lease an absolute nullity, or, in

the alternative, a relative nullity.2 Shreveport Bolt named Access.1 as the

defendant and alleged, inter alia: (1) SB&S, Inc. did not exist as a legal

entity is not the record owner of the property and did not have the capacity

to enter into a binding lease agreement; (2) David and Robert Cook were

declared the final heirs to Shreveport Bolt; (3) Dianne Cook was not an

officer or director of Shreveport Bolt, and she did not have the authority to

1 Neither VBA II, LLC nor VB-S1 are owned by or affiliated with Alpha Media, LLC or Access.1 Communications Corp.-NY. 2 On March 1, 2021, Shreveport Bolt and Screw Co., Inc. was converted to “Shreveport Bolt and Screw, LLC” and on November 2, 2023, Shreveport Bolt and Screw, LLC was substituted as plaintiff.

2 enter into a binding contract on behalf of the company; and (4) David and

Robert Cook did not become aware of the lease between defendant and

SB&S, Inc. until March 2015. Subsequently, Shreveport Bolt amended the

petition to substitute VB-S1 as the defendant.

On April 24, 2023, Shreveport Bolt filed a rule to show cause why its

petition for declaratory judgment should not be granted. Shreveport Bolt

attached exhibits to the motion, including the lease agreements, the

judgment of possession from the Succession of Joseph Cook, and documents

from the Louisiana Secretary of State. The district court ordered VB-S1 to

show cause “why the Petition for Declaratory Judgment should not be

granted and why the Lease should not be deemed absolutely and/or

relatively null, and why all costs associated with this litigation should not be

assessed to the Defendants.”

On September 11, 2023, VB-S1 filed a motion for summary judgment,

seeking dismissal of plaintiff’s petition. VB-S1 acknowledged that SB&S,

Inc. is not an independent legal entity; however, it noted Shreveport Bolt had

been using SB&S, Inc. as a d/b/a (doing business as) for decades, as

demonstrated by the cash sale deed dated October 31, 1997, and former

leases executed and filed in the public records.3 VB-S1 also argued

Shreveport Bolt’s claims are prescribed under La. R.S. 9:5646(A)(1) and

9:5632 because the lawsuit was filed over five years after the lease was

recorded in the public records, and over two years after David and Robert

3 For example, in January 1993, Shreveport Bolt d/b/a SB&S, Inc., entered into an agreement to lease the property to Gary D. Camp/Access.1 Communications, Shreveport, LLC. On October 31, 1997, a cash sale deed was executed, transferring the property in dispute from its previous owner to Shreveport Bolt d/b/a SB&S, Inc.; the sale was recorded in the conveyance records on February 4, 1998.

3 Cook gained actual knowledge of the lease. In the alternative, VB-S1 asked

the court to enforce an alleged settlement it had reached with Shreveport

Bolt. Documents submitted in support of the motion for summary judgment

included the deed to the property, the 1993 lease between Joseph

Cook/SB&S, Inc. and Gary D. Camp/Access.1 Communications,

Shreveport, LLC, and the lease executed by Dianne Cook on behalf of

SB&S, Inc.

VB-S1 also filed a motion to enforce settlement alleging the parties

had reached an agreement, by which Shreveport Bolt agreed to dismiss its

claims in exchange for VB-S1’s agreement to purchase the property for

$182,500, plus 25% of the gross revenue from future base rent payments

from subtenants. According to VB-S1, it accepted Shreveport Bolt’s offer,

but Shreveport Bolt did not adhere to the agreement.

VB-S1 also submitted the affidavit of Brandy Hill, the director of

legal operations of its parent company. Hill attested VB-S1 operates a

communications tower on the property subject to the lease and will “incur

substantial damages” if the lease is invalidated. She also attested that as

tenant, VB-S1 had “completely performed all terms and conditions of the

lease, including but not limited to its obligation to pay rent thereunder.”

On January 18, 2024, Shreveport Bolt filed an opposition to the

motion to enforce the settlement. It argued the evidence of the alleged

“settlement” did not meet the terms regarding the promise of a sale of an

immovable, which requires an authentic act under private signature. On that

same date, Shreveport Bolt also filed an opposition to the motion for

summary judgment, arguing its claims had not prescribed because the lease

was signed on behalf of a nonexistent entity, SB&S, Inc., and is, therefore, 4 an absolute nullity. An action for annulment of an absolutely null contract

does not prescribe. La. C.C. art. 2032. Shreveport Bolt also argued the

motion for summary judgment should be denied, and a judgment should be

entered declaring the lease a nullity and restoring the parties to the position

that existed before the lease was signed.

On February 1, 2024, the district court conducted a hearing on the

petition for declaratory judgment, motion for summary judgment, and

motion to enforce settlement. During the hearing, counsel for Shreveport

Bolt conceded the issue of Dianne Cook’s authority to sign the agreement

“would be prescribed under the statute.” However, counsel argued SB&S,

Inc., the entity named in the lease, was not a valid legal entity; therefore, the

lease should be annulled. At the conclusion of the hearing, the district court

took the matter under advisement.

On January 30, 2024, VB-S1 filed a “reply memorandum in further

support of motion to enforce settlement,” arguing Shreveport Bolt made an

offer to settle the matter, and it accepted the offer. There are only two

requirements for a valid compromise: (1) mutual intention to put an end to

litigation; and (2) reciprocal concessions of the parties to adjust their

differences. Klebanoff v. Haberle, 43,102 (La. App. 2 Cir. 3/19/08), 978 So.

3d 598. In this case, once the offer was made and accepted, the matter was

fully settled. However, Shreveport Bolt refused to comply and attempted to

“shake down” VB-S1 by demanding an additional $50,000.

Additionally, VB-S1 filed a “reply memorandum in further support of

motion for summary judgment.” It argued Shreveport Bolt “has held itself

out as ‘SB&S, Inc.’ in the public records at least eight times over the span of

nearly thirty years,” and cannot not “use Article 2032 to sidestep its facially 5 prescribed claims.” VB-S1 also objected to exhibits filed by Shreveport Bolt

in connection with its opposition to the motion for summary judgment.

On February 14, 2024, Shreveport Bolt filed an additional opposition

to VB-S1’s motion for summary judgment. Again, it argued the lease is an

absolute nullity because it was the true owner of the property, and SB&S,

Inc. was “a non-existent entity of the worst kind.” According to Shreveport

Bolt, the motion for summary judgment should be denied because the right

to have an absolutely null contract annulled does not prescribe. For the first

time, Shreveport Bolt argued it was entitled to “reasonable compensation”

for losses sustained because the rental payments were below fair market

value for leases of towers in the vicinity.4

The district court conducted a hearing on March 21, 2024, during

which it heard additional arguments from the parties. Thereafter, the district

court granted in part and denied, in part, VB-S1’s motion for summary

judgment, stating:

The Court finds the subject lease to be valid in all aspects except the term of the lease. The lease set a five (5) year term beginning June 1, 2014, with automatic renewals every five (5) years for an additional four (4) terms at the sole option of the lessee. The Court finds that a potential twenty-five year lease places an undue burden on the property by removing it from commerce for an onerous [amount] of time. *** IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that [the] current lease shall remain in full force and effect through the current renewal period (ending May 31, 2029) at the current monthly rent as detailed in the 2014 Lease Agreement.

IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the 2014 Lease Agreement shall terminate at the conclusion of [the] current rental period on May 31, 2029.

4 On April 29, 2024, Shreveport Bolt filed a “final brief” arguing the lease should be declared an absolute nullity.

6 VB-S1 appeals.

DISCUSSION

VB-S1 contends the district court erred in denying, in part, its motion

for summary judgment. It argues the lawsuit filed by Shreveport Bolt “is

prescribed under at least two statutes because it was filed five years after the

lease was recorded in the public records and over two years after

[Shreveport Bolt’s] principals had actual knowledge of it.”

The motion for summary judgment is a procedural device used when

there is no genuine issue of material fact for all or part of the relief prayed

for by a litigant. La. C.C.P. art. 966 (A)(1). A genuine issue is one about

which reasonable persons could disagree. King v. Town of Clarks, 21-01897

(La. 2/22/22), 345 So. 3d 422. Any doubt as to a dispute regarding a material

issue of fact must be resolved against granting the motion and in favor of

trial on the merits. Id. When the motion is made and supported as provided

in Art. 966, an adverse party may not rest on the mere allegations or denials

of his pleadings but must set forth specific facts showing there is a genuine

issue for trial. La. C.C.P. art. 967 (B); Latour v. Brock, 23-00262 (La.

6/21/23), 362 So. 3d 405. Appellate courts review motions for summary

judgment de novo, using the same criteria that governed the trial court’s

determination of whether summary judgment is appropriate. Farrell v.

Circle K Stores Inc., 22-00849 (La. 3/17/23), 359 So. 3d 467; Noland v.

Lenard, 55,342 (La. App. 2 Cir. 11/15/23), 374 So. 3d 1133, writ denied, 23-

01670 (La. 2/14/24), 379 So. 3d 32.

La. C.C.P. art. 966(D)(1) allocates the burden of proof on summary

judgment as follows:

7 The burden of proof rests with the mover. Nevertheless, if the mover will not bear the burden of proof at trial on the issue that is before the court on the motion for summary judgment, the mover’s burden on the motion does not require him to negate all essential elements of the adverse party’s claim, action, or defense, but rather to point out to the court the absence of factual support for one or more elements essential to the adverse party’s claim, action, or defense. The burden is on the adverse party to produce factual support sufficient to establish the existence of a genuine issue of material fact or that the mover is not entitled to judgment as a matter of law.

A lease is a synallagmatic contract by which one party, the lessor,

binds himself to give to the other party, the lessee, the use and enjoyment of

a thing for a term in exchange for a rent that the lessee binds himself to pay.

The consent of the parties as to the thing and the rent is essential but not

necessarily sufficient for a contract of lease. La. C.C. art. 2668. A lease of a

thing that does not belong to the lessor may nevertheless be binding on the

parties. La. C.C. art. 2674.

The lease contract itself is the law between the parties; it defines their

respective rights and obligations so long as the agreement does not affect the

rights of others and is not contrary to the public good. La. C.C. art. 1983;

Carriere v. Bank of Louisiana, 95-3058 (La. 12/13/96), 702 So. 2d 648;

Highland Clinic v. Dhawan, 55,240 (La. App. 2 Cir. 9/27/23), 372 So. 3d

390. The interpretation of a contract is the determination of the common

intent of the parties, giving the words of the contract their generally

prevailing meaning. La. C.C. arts. 2045, 2047; Best v. Griffin, 50,445 (La.

App. 2 Cir. 2/24/16), 190 So. 3d 333.

When the words of a contract are clear and explicit and lead to no

absurd consequences, no further interpretation may be made in search of the

parties’ intent. La. C.C. art. 2046. The courts are bound to enforce the

8 contract as written. Coleman v. Jim Walter Homes, Inc., 08-1221 (La.

3/17/09), 6 So. 3d 179; Highland Clinic v. Dhawan, supra; Best v. Griffin,

supra.

La. R.S. 9:5646(A)(1) provides:

Any action to set aside a sale, transfer, lease, mortgage, encumbrance, or any other document by any legal entity or unincorporated association affecting any immovable property located in this state on the ground that the officer, agent, or other representative of the legal entity or unincorporated association signing the document was without authority to do so is prescribed by five years, reckoning from the day the document was recorded in the mortgage or conveyance records, or both, as applicable, of the parish in which the immovable property is located. Nothing contained in this Section shall be construed to limit or to establish a prescriptive period as to any proceeding which may arise between the legal entity or unincorporated association and the person acting in a representative position.

La. R.S. 9:5632 provides, in relevant part:

A. When the legal procedure is defective or does not comply with the requisites of law in the alienation, encumbrance, or lease of movable or immovable property made by a legal representative of a succession, minor, or interdict, provided an order of court has been entered authorizing such alienation, encumbrance, or lease, any action shall be prescribed against by those claiming such defect or lack of compliance after the lapse of two years from the time of making such alienation, encumbrance, or lease.

B. This prescriptive period shall also apply to an alienation, encumbrance, or lease of movable or immovable property by an independent succession representative provided an order of court has been entered authorizing independent administration.

In the instant case, the lease agreement was signed on May 1, 2014,

and was recorded in the Bossier Parish conveyance records on June 3, 2014.

The plaintiff did not file the petition for declaratory judgment until

December 23, 2019, more than five years after the lease was recorded in the

public records. Nevertheless, the district court deemed the lease was “valid

in all aspects except the term of the lease.” We find the court erred in 9 concluding the term of the lease was invalid and finding the “lease shall

terminate at the conclusion of [the] current rental period on May 31, 2029.”

Perpetual leases are disfavored by the law and are void from their

inception. Regions Bank v. Questar Expl. & Prod. Corp., 50,211 (La. App. 2

Cir. 1/13/16), 184 So. 3d 260, writ denied, 16-0498 (La. 5/2/16), 206 So. 3d

882. La. C.C. art. 2678 provides:

The lease shall be for a term. Its duration may be agreed to by the parties or supplied by law.

The term may be fixed or indeterminate. It is fixed when the parties agree that the lease will terminate at a designated date or upon the occurrence of a designated event.

It is indeterminate in all other cases.

La. C.C. art. 2679 provides

The duration of a term may not exceed ninety-nine years. If the lease provides for a longer term or contains an option to extend the term to more than ninety-nine years, the term shall be reduced to ninety-nine years.

If the term’s duration depends solely on the will of the lessor or the lessee and the parties have not agreed on a maximum duration, the duration is determined in accordance with the following Article.

The lease at issue provides, in relevant part:

LEASE

THIS AGREEMENT OF LEASE (this “Lease”) is made and entered into this 1st day of May 2014, by and between:

S B & S, INC., *** (hereinafter referred to as “Lessor”), and

ACCESS.1 COMMUNICATIONS CORP.-NY *** (hereinafter referred to as “Lessee”)

1. For and in consideration of the covenants and agreements hereinafter set forth, Lessor hereby leases, demises and lets

10 unto Lessee that portion of property outlined in the attached exhibit and described as follows (the “Leased Premises): *** 2. The initial term of this Lease shall commence on June 1, 2014, and shall terminate on May 31, 2019, subject to the automatic renewals of this Lease provided in Article 8. *** 8. This Lease shall automatically renew upon all of the same terms and conditions as are set forth herein four (4) additional five (5) year periods, unless Lessee serves notice of its election not to renew this Lease not less than six (6) months prior to the expiration of any applicable Lease period. The total monthly rent amount for the new term shall increase 15% from the previous five-year term monthly lease amount at the commencement of each renewal term. *** 9. It is agreed that any holding over by the Lessee after expiration of this Lease or the last renewal period, if any, shall be construed as a tenancy from month to month. Said month to month tenancy may be terminated upon thirty (30) days’ notice by either the Lessor or Lessee. ***

Our review of the lease reveals the term is not perpetual. Pursuant to

the parties’ agreement, the primary term of the lease was five years and

included four additional five-year option periods. With the exercise of all

four option periods, the lease extends to 25 years and will not exceed 99

years. Consequently, we find the district court erred in denying, in part, the

motion for summary judgment and amending the agreed-upon term of the

lease. We hereby reverse that portion of the district court’s judgment, and

we grant summary judgment in favor of VB-S1 Assets, LLC.

CONCLUSION

For the reasons set forth above, the judgment of the district court is

reversed, and summary judgment is hereby granted in favor of defendant,

VB-S1 Assets, LLC. Costs of this appeal are assessed to plaintiff,

Shreveport Bolt and Screw Co., Inc.

11 REVERSED AND RENDERED.