Sholer v. Security Federal Savings & Loan Ass'n

736 F. Supp. 1083, 1990 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 5676, 1990 WL 64183
CourtDistrict Court, D. New Mexico
DecidedJanuary 25, 1990
DocketNo. CIV 89-0368 JC
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 736 F. Supp. 1083 (Sholer v. Security Federal Savings & Loan Ass'n) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, D. New Mexico primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Sholer v. Security Federal Savings & Loan Ass'n, 736 F. Supp. 1083, 1990 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 5676, 1990 WL 64183 (D.N.M. 1990).

Opinion

MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER

CONWAY, District Judge.

This matter is now before the Court on the defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment, filed October 30, 1989. Having reviewed the memoranda of the parties, and being otherwise fully advised in the premises, the Court finds that the motion is well-taken and will be granted.

This is a claim for breach of an implied contract of employment and wrongful discharge in violation of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act, 29 U.S.C. § 1001, et seq., henceforth “ERISA.” The undisputed facts are as follows:

[1084]*10841. The defendant is a federally chartered savings and loan association organized under the Home Owners Loan Act of 1933 and subject to the authority of the Federal Home Loan Bank Board.

2. The plaintiff began employment with the defendant in late April of 1986, and was terminated on February 10, 1989.

3. At the time of his termination, Mr. Hamilton was an officer of the defendant and served in the position of Senior Vice President.

4. The plaintiff did not have a written contract of employment with the defendant.

5. The defendant periodically revised its Employee Manual, and such a revision occurred during the pendency of the plaintiffs employment.

6. As a result of these revisions, there were two separate employment manuals in effect at the time of the plaintiffs employment.

7. The plaintiff was in attendance at the board meeting on January 23, 1989, when the Board adopted the revised Employee Manual which was in effect at the time of the plaintiffs termination.

8. The revised Employee Manual, effective February 1, 1989, reads in part:

This handbook is not intended to and does not create a contract of employment between any employee and the Association. All employees are employees-at-will.

9. The plaintiff was 100% vested in the employer contributions to the Security Federal Savings Plan as of December 31, 1988.

The plaintiff contends that his termination breached an implied contract of employment which originated in the assurances of the defendant that he had an unascertainable degree of job security as long as he adequately performed his job. The plaintiff further contends that in reliance on these promises, he resigned his previous job to accept a position with the defendant. As an alternate basis for his claim, the plaintiff relies on policies set forth in the first Employee Handbook, which was in effect at the time of his employment with the defendant. According to the plaintiff, he was entitled to a series of disciplinary and warning procedures prior to termination. Plaintiff asserts that he never received the benefit of any of these procedures.

The plaintiffs second contention is that he was wrongfully discharged based on the defendant’s desire to prevent the plaintiff from becoming 100% vested in the defendant’s pension plan. The alleged wrongful discharge is presumed by the plaintiff to be actionable under 29 U.S.C. § 1140 and ERISA.

In response, and as the first basis for summary judgment, the defendant argues that the claim of breach of an implied employment contract claim is pre-empted by federal regulations promulgated by the Home Loan Bank Board. In the alternative, the defendants urge that the applicable Employee Manual expressly negates any intention to create an implied contract, and expressly establishes that employment is terminable at will. As to the second claim, the defendants urge that the plaintiff was in fact fully vested of his pension benefits, and that regardless of the status of those benefits, the defendant lacked the specific intent necessary to establish an ERISA violation. The Court will treat each of these contentions in turn.

PART I

As a preliminary matter, the Court recognizes that the defendant is a savings and loan institution chartered by the Federal Home Loan Bank Board (“FHLB”) pursuant to the Home Owners Loan Act of 1933. As such, the defendant is subject to the regulatory authority of the FHLB pursuant to 12 U.S.C. § 1464. The FHLB has adopted regulations which cover “the powers and operations of every Federal savings and loan association from its cradle to its corporate grave.” Fidelity Federal Savings and Loan Association v. De La Questa, 458 U.S. 141, 145, 102 S.Ct. 3014, 3018, 73 L.Ed.2d 664 (1982). The Supreme Court has held that such regulations have the force and effect of statute and preempt all conflicting state laws. De La [1085]*1085Questa, 458 U.S. at 141, 151, 102 S.Ct. 3014, 3021. The FHLB regulations provide that a savings and loan may “only” enter into a contract of employment if it is “in writing” and is specifically approved by the Board of Directors. 12 C.F.R. § 563.39. Absent such a written contract, the regulations provide that an officer may be discharged at the discretion of the Board of Directors without liability. 12 C.F.R. § 552.6-2.

The presumption is thus established that, absent a written employment contract, the defendant could not have entered into any specific employment relationship with the plaintiff which exceeded the scope of an at-will employment relationship. It is undisputed that the plaintiff in this case lacked such a written contract. In order to refute this presumption, the plaintiff must set forth some argument regarding the inapplicability of the referenced regulations to his case.

By way of response, the plaintiff stresses that his claim for breach is grounded in the written Employee Manual and Policy Manual, which he was provided by the defendant. This claim, which the plaintiff calls breach of an implied contract of employment, purportedly is recognized by established New Mexico law, and arguably provides additional rights and protections to employees outside the scope of a written contract. The plaintiff argues that the implied contract theory does not conflict with the federal regulations, but rather complements federal law by further defining the scope of the employer/employee relationship.

Assuming, arguendo, that the plaintiff has actually stated a colorable claim under state law for breach of an implied employment contract, he has offered no explanation of how that contract should be enforced in light of 12 C.F.R. 552.6-2. In other words, even assuming that 12 C.F.R. 563.39 does not pre-empt the implied contract theory, a plain reading of 12 C.F.R. 552.6-2 in conjunction with the facts of this case dictates that state law clearly conflicts with the regulations. The relevant portions of 552.6-2 read as follows:

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
736 F. Supp. 1083, 1990 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 5676, 1990 WL 64183, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/sholer-v-security-federal-savings-loan-assn-nmd-1990.