J-A20034-20
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
CHRISTOPHER S. SHEEDER AND : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF VICKIE L. SHEEDER, HIS WIFE : PENNSYLVANIA : Appellants : : : v. : : : No. 119 WDA 2020 SEAN T. HUDSON :
Appeal from the Order Entered January 17, 2020 in the Court of Common Pleas of Bedford County Civil Division at No(s): 2019-626
BEFORE: BOWES, J., OLSON, J., and MUSMANNO, J.
MEMORANDUM BY MUSMANNO, J.: FILED NOVEMBER 30, 2020
Christopher S. Sheeder (“Mr. Sheeder”) and Vickie L. Sheeder (“Ms.
Sheeder), his wife (collectively, “Plaintiffs”), appeal from the Order entering
judgment on the pleadings against them and in favor of Sean T. Hudson
(“Hudson”), and dismissing Plaintiffs’ Complaint with prejudice, in this case
involving a motor vehicle accident. We affirm.
On June 25, 2017, a vehicle driven by Hudson traveled into the opposing
lane of travel, on Clear Ridge Road, West Providence Township, Bedford
County, Pennsylvania. Hudson’s vehicle hit the vehicle being operated by Mr.
Sheeder, in the opposing traffic lane.
On June 11, 2019, Plaintiffs filed a civil Complaint against Hudson,
averring causes of action for negligence and loss of consortium arising out the
June 25, 2017, accident. Hudson filed an Answer and New Matter, countering J-A20034-20
that Plaintiffs had released their claims against Hudson by virtue of a “Full
Release of All Claims” (the “Release”), which Plaintiffs had signed. Answer
and New Matter, 9/30/19, at ¶ 28. The Release, which is attached to Hudson’s
Answer and New Matter, stated, in relevant part, as follows:
Know all by these presents, that [Mr.] Sheeder and [Ms.] Sheeder individually and as husband and wife only, for and in consideration of the payment of [redacted], the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, does (do) hereby for myself (ourselves) and for my (our) heirs, executors, administrators, successors, assigns and any and all other persons, firms, employers, corporations, associations or partnerships, acquit and forever discharge Sean Thomas and Angela Hudson and his, her, their or its corporations, associations, or partnerships (Releasees) of, and from, any and all claims, actions, causes of action, demands, rights, damages, costs, loss of wages, expenses, hospital and medical and nursing expenses, loss of consortium, loss of service or affection, loss of society and companionship and any compensation whatsoever, which the undersigned now has/have or which may hereafter accrue on account of or in any way growing out of an accident which occurred on or about June 25, 2017, at or near Everett PA.
Answer and New Matter, 9/30/19, Exhibit A (Release, 11/20/17 (emphasis in
original)). Hudson additionally attached to his Answer and New Matter a copy
of the settlement check, endorsed to “Christopher Sheeder.” See id., Exhibit
B. Hudson averred that Plaintiffs signed the settlement check, prepared by
Progressive Specialty Insurance Company (“Progressive”), on or about
December 4, 2017. See id. at ¶ 28.
At the close of pleadings, Hudson filed a Motion for judgment on the
pleadings. After submitting briefs, the trial court heard oral argument on
Hudson’s Motion. On January 17, 2020, the trial court entered an Order
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granting Hudson’s Motion for judgment on the pleadings, and dismissing
Plaintiffs’ Complaint with prejudice. Thereafter, Plaintiffs filed the instant
timely appeal, followed by a court-ordered Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) Concise
Statement of matters complained of on appeal.
Plaintiffs present the following issue for our review:
Whether the trial court committed an error of law in failing to follow and apply the proper standard of review for a motion for judgment on the pleadings where:
(a) The court erred in disregarding the plain language of the release or a unilateral mistake contrary to black letter contract law principles; and
(b) The trial court did not view the well[-]pled factual averments and inferences in a light most favorable to the non-moving party?
Brief for Appellants at 4. As these claims are related, we will address them
together.
Plaintiffs first argue that the trial court improperly failed to apply the
appropriate standard for ruling on a motion for judgment on the pleadings.
Id. at 9. Plaintiffs take issue with the following statement by the trial court:
“The only question we must answer is whether [Hudson] is the person
Plaintiffs believed they were discharging under the Release in exchange for
consideration. We find that—without a doubt—he was.” Id. (citation
omitted). Plaintiffs argue that the trial court cited no controlling case law, or
facts pled in the pleadings, to support its conclusion. Id.
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Plaintiffs assert that the trial court failed to apply established contract
law in granting Hudson’s Motion. Id. at 11. In particular, Plaintiffs argue that
the trial court failed to construe all errors in the Release against the drafter,
i.e., Hudson’s insurer, Progressive. Id. According to Plaintiffs,
[t]he plain and ordinary language of this contract is explicitly limited to “forever discharge Sean Thomas and Angela Hudson and his, her, their or its corporations, associations or partnerships (Releasees) of, and from, any and all claims….” Consistent with controlling precedent, there is a material difference between a release of all other persons or entities and the release of claims to specific individuals or entities.
Id. at 14 (internal citation and emphasis in original). Plaintiffs argue that if
“Sean T. Hudson” was intended to be released, his correct full name[,] or at
least his first and last name[,] should have been and could have been used.”
Id. at 15. According to Plaintiff, the record does not establish that the Sean
Thomas referenced in the Release is, in fact, the “Sean T. Hudson[,]” who is
the defendant herein. Id. Plaintiffs further rely on the absence of the phrase
“and all other persons,” after naming the Releasees, as indicating that the
Release did not apply to Sean T. Hudson. Id. at 15-16.
In their second claim, Plaintiffs argue that a unilateral mistake does not
permit a trial court to rewrite the Release. Id. at 16. Plaintiffs contend that
Mr. Hudson did not acknowledge any mistake in the Release. Id. at 17.
Further, Plaintiffs direct our attention to the trial court’s acknowledgement
that “so all it would take is once that gets into the record that that’s [Hudson’s]
middle name, I think I’m done on the case.” Id. (citation omitted). Plaintiffs
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contend that by that statement, the trial court acknowledged the need for
discovery on the issue of whether Hudson was intended to be covered by the
Release. Id. at 17-18. Plaintiffs argue that, viewing the pleadings in a light
most favorable to the non-moving party, there are unknown facts that
preclude judgment on the pleadings. Id. at 18.
In its Opinion, the trial court set forth the appropriate standard of
review, addressed Plaintiffs’ issues, and concluded that they lack merit. Trial
Court Opinion, 4/3/20, at 1-4. We agree with the sound reasoning of the trial
court, as set forth in its Opinion, and affirm on this basis with regard to
Plaintiffs’ issues. See id. We additionally observe the following.
This case involves the interpretation of the Release.
In construing a release, we are guided by general contract principles.
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J-A20034-20
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
CHRISTOPHER S. SHEEDER AND : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF VICKIE L. SHEEDER, HIS WIFE : PENNSYLVANIA : Appellants : : : v. : : : No. 119 WDA 2020 SEAN T. HUDSON :
Appeal from the Order Entered January 17, 2020 in the Court of Common Pleas of Bedford County Civil Division at No(s): 2019-626
BEFORE: BOWES, J., OLSON, J., and MUSMANNO, J.
MEMORANDUM BY MUSMANNO, J.: FILED NOVEMBER 30, 2020
Christopher S. Sheeder (“Mr. Sheeder”) and Vickie L. Sheeder (“Ms.
Sheeder), his wife (collectively, “Plaintiffs”), appeal from the Order entering
judgment on the pleadings against them and in favor of Sean T. Hudson
(“Hudson”), and dismissing Plaintiffs’ Complaint with prejudice, in this case
involving a motor vehicle accident. We affirm.
On June 25, 2017, a vehicle driven by Hudson traveled into the opposing
lane of travel, on Clear Ridge Road, West Providence Township, Bedford
County, Pennsylvania. Hudson’s vehicle hit the vehicle being operated by Mr.
Sheeder, in the opposing traffic lane.
On June 11, 2019, Plaintiffs filed a civil Complaint against Hudson,
averring causes of action for negligence and loss of consortium arising out the
June 25, 2017, accident. Hudson filed an Answer and New Matter, countering J-A20034-20
that Plaintiffs had released their claims against Hudson by virtue of a “Full
Release of All Claims” (the “Release”), which Plaintiffs had signed. Answer
and New Matter, 9/30/19, at ¶ 28. The Release, which is attached to Hudson’s
Answer and New Matter, stated, in relevant part, as follows:
Know all by these presents, that [Mr.] Sheeder and [Ms.] Sheeder individually and as husband and wife only, for and in consideration of the payment of [redacted], the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, does (do) hereby for myself (ourselves) and for my (our) heirs, executors, administrators, successors, assigns and any and all other persons, firms, employers, corporations, associations or partnerships, acquit and forever discharge Sean Thomas and Angela Hudson and his, her, their or its corporations, associations, or partnerships (Releasees) of, and from, any and all claims, actions, causes of action, demands, rights, damages, costs, loss of wages, expenses, hospital and medical and nursing expenses, loss of consortium, loss of service or affection, loss of society and companionship and any compensation whatsoever, which the undersigned now has/have or which may hereafter accrue on account of or in any way growing out of an accident which occurred on or about June 25, 2017, at or near Everett PA.
Answer and New Matter, 9/30/19, Exhibit A (Release, 11/20/17 (emphasis in
original)). Hudson additionally attached to his Answer and New Matter a copy
of the settlement check, endorsed to “Christopher Sheeder.” See id., Exhibit
B. Hudson averred that Plaintiffs signed the settlement check, prepared by
Progressive Specialty Insurance Company (“Progressive”), on or about
December 4, 2017. See id. at ¶ 28.
At the close of pleadings, Hudson filed a Motion for judgment on the
pleadings. After submitting briefs, the trial court heard oral argument on
Hudson’s Motion. On January 17, 2020, the trial court entered an Order
-2- J-A20034-20
granting Hudson’s Motion for judgment on the pleadings, and dismissing
Plaintiffs’ Complaint with prejudice. Thereafter, Plaintiffs filed the instant
timely appeal, followed by a court-ordered Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) Concise
Statement of matters complained of on appeal.
Plaintiffs present the following issue for our review:
Whether the trial court committed an error of law in failing to follow and apply the proper standard of review for a motion for judgment on the pleadings where:
(a) The court erred in disregarding the plain language of the release or a unilateral mistake contrary to black letter contract law principles; and
(b) The trial court did not view the well[-]pled factual averments and inferences in a light most favorable to the non-moving party?
Brief for Appellants at 4. As these claims are related, we will address them
together.
Plaintiffs first argue that the trial court improperly failed to apply the
appropriate standard for ruling on a motion for judgment on the pleadings.
Id. at 9. Plaintiffs take issue with the following statement by the trial court:
“The only question we must answer is whether [Hudson] is the person
Plaintiffs believed they were discharging under the Release in exchange for
consideration. We find that—without a doubt—he was.” Id. (citation
omitted). Plaintiffs argue that the trial court cited no controlling case law, or
facts pled in the pleadings, to support its conclusion. Id.
-3- J-A20034-20
Plaintiffs assert that the trial court failed to apply established contract
law in granting Hudson’s Motion. Id. at 11. In particular, Plaintiffs argue that
the trial court failed to construe all errors in the Release against the drafter,
i.e., Hudson’s insurer, Progressive. Id. According to Plaintiffs,
[t]he plain and ordinary language of this contract is explicitly limited to “forever discharge Sean Thomas and Angela Hudson and his, her, their or its corporations, associations or partnerships (Releasees) of, and from, any and all claims….” Consistent with controlling precedent, there is a material difference between a release of all other persons or entities and the release of claims to specific individuals or entities.
Id. at 14 (internal citation and emphasis in original). Plaintiffs argue that if
“Sean T. Hudson” was intended to be released, his correct full name[,] or at
least his first and last name[,] should have been and could have been used.”
Id. at 15. According to Plaintiff, the record does not establish that the Sean
Thomas referenced in the Release is, in fact, the “Sean T. Hudson[,]” who is
the defendant herein. Id. Plaintiffs further rely on the absence of the phrase
“and all other persons,” after naming the Releasees, as indicating that the
Release did not apply to Sean T. Hudson. Id. at 15-16.
In their second claim, Plaintiffs argue that a unilateral mistake does not
permit a trial court to rewrite the Release. Id. at 16. Plaintiffs contend that
Mr. Hudson did not acknowledge any mistake in the Release. Id. at 17.
Further, Plaintiffs direct our attention to the trial court’s acknowledgement
that “so all it would take is once that gets into the record that that’s [Hudson’s]
middle name, I think I’m done on the case.” Id. (citation omitted). Plaintiffs
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contend that by that statement, the trial court acknowledged the need for
discovery on the issue of whether Hudson was intended to be covered by the
Release. Id. at 17-18. Plaintiffs argue that, viewing the pleadings in a light
most favorable to the non-moving party, there are unknown facts that
preclude judgment on the pleadings. Id. at 18.
In its Opinion, the trial court set forth the appropriate standard of
review, addressed Plaintiffs’ issues, and concluded that they lack merit. Trial
Court Opinion, 4/3/20, at 1-4. We agree with the sound reasoning of the trial
court, as set forth in its Opinion, and affirm on this basis with regard to
Plaintiffs’ issues. See id. We additionally observe the following.
This case involves the interpretation of the Release.
In construing a release, we are guided by general contract principles. The court must look to the terms of the release, both clear and ambiguous, and examine the document to determine the intent of the parties. Since we are bound to give deference to the written word when it is clear, we will not re-write a contract. However, when the language is ambiguous, and the court cannot readily determine the intentions of the parties, it may allow oral testimony to show the intent of the parties. Moreover, a written contract must be examined as a whole; we glean the intent of the parties through an examination of the entire document. At times, in order to ascertain the intent of the parties, it is necessary to examine the circumstances through affidavits or testimony of the involved parties.
Martin v. Donahue, 698 A.2d 614, 616 (Pa. Super. 1997).
Importantly, “the effect of a release must be determined from the
ordinary meaning of its language.” Buttermore v. Aliquippa Hosp., 561
A.2d 733, 735 (Pa. 1989). “Before a court will interpret a provision in … a
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contract in such a way as to lead to an absurdity or make the … contract
ineffective to accomplish its purpose, it will endeavor to find an interpretation
which will effectuate the reasonable result intended.” Binswanger of Pa.,
Inc. v. TSG Real Estate LLC, 217 A.3d 256, 262 (Pa. 2019).
As set forth in relevant part above, the Release provided for the release
of Plaintiffs’ claims against “Sean Thomas and Angela Hudson[,]” which
Plaintiffs “now has/have or which may hereafter on account of or in any way
growing out of an accident which occurred on or about June 25, 2017, at or
near Everett PA.” Release, 11/20/17. The Release, by its language, was
executed to satisfy all claims related to an accident taking place on June 25,
2017, on Clear Ridge Road in West Providence Township, in Bedford County.
Complaint, ¶¶ 5, 8. We take judicial notice of the fact that Clear Ridge Road,
in West Providence Township, is less than five miles from Everett, PA. In his
Answer, Hudson admitted that an accident took place on June 25, 2017, and
that he was not able to drive his vehicle after the accident. Id., ¶¶ 8, 13.
Plaintiffs’ proposed interpretation of the Release, i.e., that Plaintiffs had
entered the Release for an accident, on the same date, near the same location,
involving someone other than Hudson, is absurd.1 Further, such an
interpretation would not “effectuate the reasonable result intended.” See
Binswanger of Pa., Inc., 217 A.3d at 262. We therefore agree with the trial
____________________________________________
1 Plaintiffs did not aver such facts in their pleading.
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court’s interpretation of the Release, and its conclusion that the interpretation
proposed by Plaintiffs’ is “ludicrous.” See Trial Court Opinion, 4/30/20, at 3;
see also Binswanger of Pa., Inc., 217 A.3d at 262. Discerning no error by
the trial court in granting Hudson’s Motion for judgment on the pleadings, and
dismissing the Complaint with prejudice, we affirm the Order of the trial court.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq. Prothonotary
Date: 11/30/2020
-7- Circulated 10/30/2020 12:16 PM