Shana Marie Kelly v. San Francisco City and County Department of Public Health, Laguna Honda Hospital

Opinion

1 2 3 4 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 5 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 6 7 SHANA MARIE KELLY, Case No. 24-cv-08568-ASK

8 Plaintiff, ORDER GRANTING IN PART AND 9 v. DENYING IN PART MOTION TO DISMISS FIRST AMENDED 10 SAN FRANCISCO CITY AND COUNTY COMPLAINT DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH 11 LAGUNA HONDA HOSPITAL, Re: Dkt. Nos. 35, 38, 40 Defendant. 12 13 Plaintiff Shana Marie Kelly has filed an Amended Complaint against the City and County 14 of San Francisco (“Defendant” or the “City”) renewing and, in certain places, expanding 15 allegations that she made in her original Complaint. Dkt. No. 32 (“FAC”); see Dkt. No. 1 16 (“Compl”). The City has moved to dismiss for failure to state a claim under Federal Rule of Civil 17 Procedure 12(b)(6) and to strike parts of the pleading under Rule 12(f). Dkt. No. 35 (“Mot.”). 18 Kelly has opposed. Dkt. No. 38 (“Opp’n”). The City has replied. Dkt. No. 40 (“Reply”). 19 The Court decides this matter without oral argument pursuant to Civil L.R. 7-1(b). For the 20 reasons set forth below, the Court grants the Motion in part and denies it in part. 21 I. BACKGROUND 22 This case concerns claims that Kelly has brought under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 23 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e et seq., for race discrimination, a hostile work environment, and 24 retaliation arising from her employment as a staffing assistant at Laguna Honda Hospital in San 25 Francisco. See generally Compl. The Court dismissed her original race discrimination and hostile 26 work environment claims with leave to amend. Dkt. No. 30 at 31. It denied dismissal as to her 27 original retaliation claim and granted her leave to amend should she wish to plead additional 1 punitive damages. Id. at 31. 2 In the FAC, Kelly repeats many of the allegations that she raised in her Complaint, which 3 the Court has already summarized in detail. Dkt. No. 30 at 2–10. She makes various minor 4 additions to her allegations with respect to her race discrimination and hostile work environment 5 claims, see FAC at ¶¶ 7, 11, 16–17, 36, 49, and significantly expands her allegations with respect 6 to her retaliation claim, see id. at 26–31, ¶ 16. 7 II. LEGAL STANDARD 8 The Court applies the familiar standard under which a plaintiff must state a facially 9 plausible claim to relief to survive a 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss. Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 10 678 (2009). “A claim has facial plausibility when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows 11 the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged.” 12 Id. 13 III. DISCUSSION 14 A. Race discrimination and hostile work environment claims 15 Kelly’s pleading only minimally amends her allegations with respect to her race 16 discrimination and hostile work environment claims. The Court dismissed her earlier iterations of 17 these claims owing to failures to exhaust administrative remedies and to plead adequately the 18 elements. See Dkt. No. 30 at 11–26. Kelly’s additional allegations do not cure these deficiencies, 19 and the Court again grants dismissal as to her race discrimination and hostile work environment 20 claims. 21 Before suing in district court, plaintiffs in Title VII actions like this one must first “exhaust 22 administrative remedies by filing a charge with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 23 (the ‘EEOC’) or a qualifying state agency and receiving a right-to-sue notice.” Scott v. Gino 24 Morena Enters., LLC, 888 F.3d 1101, 1104 (9th Cir. 2018) (citing 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5). The 25 “charge must be filed…within 300 days after the alleged unlawful employment practice 26 occurred.” Id. at 1112 (quoting 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(e)(1)) (internal quotation marks omitted). 27 This means that conduct that occurred more than 300 days before the administrative filing 1 (2002) (Title VII “precludes recovery for discrete acts of discrimination or retaliation that occur 2 outside the statutory time period”). 3 A prima facie case for race discrimination requires a plaintiff to show that “(1) the plaintiff 4 belongs to a protected class, (2) he was performing according to his employer’s legitimate 5 expectations, (3) he suffered an adverse employment action, and (4) similarly situated employees 6 were treated more favorably, or other circumstances surrounding the adverse employment action 7 give rise to an inference of discrimination.” Reynaga v. Roseburg Forest Prods., 847 F.3d 678, 8 690–91 (9th Cir. 2017) (citations omitted). 9 To prevail on a hostile work environment claim based on race, a plaintiff must demonstrate 10 that “(1) he was subjected to verbal or physical conduct of a racial nature, (2) the conduct was 11 unwelcome, and (3) the conduct was sufficiently severe or pervasive to alter the conditions of the 12 plaintiff’s employment and create an abusive work environment.” Id. at 686 (quoting Vasquez v. 13 Cty. of Los Angeles, 349 F.3d 634, 642 (9th Cir. 2003)) (cleaned up). “[U]nder the continuing 14 violations doctrine, acts that fall outside the statutory time period may be actionable.” Scott, 888 15 F.3d at 1112 (citing Morgan, 536 U.S. at 122). 16 Kelly amends her race discrimination and hostile work environment allegations in the 17 following areas: 18 • She sets out the 2019 knife incident and its fallout in more detail, FAC ¶¶ 16–17, 19 and alleges that afterwards another employee involved in the incident, Joan Saez- 20 Fontilla, was treated preferentially, id. ¶ 17. 21 • She describes more fully her communications with the EEOC and raises an 22 equitable tolling argument, which, she contends, makes certain claims “timely” 23 owing to delays in scheduling her EEOC intake interview. Id. ¶ 7. 24 • She asserts that being moved from part-time to full-time employment “is 25 considered a promotion” and notes that she “[has] been working full- time hours 26 and not receiving the benefits to match.” Id. ¶ 11. 27 • And she adds to her descriptions of Adia Johnson and Alisha Seastrunk, Black 1 reasons. Id. ¶ 36. 2 Kelly’s restated allegations with respect to the 2019 knife incident fail for the same reason 3 as before, see Dkt. No. 30 at 15–16: that they are time-barred for failure to submit a timely 4 administrative claim. See Scott, 888 F.3d at 1112. 5 Kelly’s equitable tolling argument also fails. “Generally, a litigant seeking equitable tolling 6 bears the burden of establishing two elements: (1) that he has been pursuing his rights diligently, 7 and (2) that some extraordinary circumstance stood in his way.” Pace v. DiGuglielmo, 544 U.S. 8 408, 418 (2005); see also Mitchell v. Off. Depot, Inc., No. 24-292, 2025 WL 2017089 (9th Cir. 9 July 18, 2025) (applying the Pace standard in a Title VII action), Scott v. Gino Morena Enters., 10 L.L.C., No. 15-CV-550 JLS (WVG), 2016 WL 3924107, at *5 (S.D. Cal. July 21, 2016), rev’d in 11 part on other grounds Scott v. Gino Morena Enters., LLC, 888 F.3d 1101 (9th Cir. 2018) (same). 12 Kelly alleges that EEOC staff rescheduled an intake interview from some time after September 12, 13 2023, to September 19, 2023, because of an EEOC staff member’s “exigent circumstances” and 14 illness. FAC ¶ 7. Even when credited, this allegation at most adds seven days to the relevant time 15 period; the discrete acts that she alleges as part of her race discrimination claim predate this cutoff. 16 Kelly’s allegations with respect to performing full-time work with only part-time benefits, 17 which go to her failure to promote and inequitable accrual of benefits theories, do not allege racial 18 motivation. The Court has already found that Kelly’s pleading fails to support an inference of 19 discrimination as to those theories, see Dkt. No. 30 at 18–19, and these new allegations do not 20 provide grounds for altering that finding. 21 The same is true of her descriptions of Johnson and Seastrunk.1 Kelly alleges that there 22 were three 1429 staffers who were promoted to full-time: Seastrunk, May Khine, and Edgar 23 Tolentino. See FAC ¶¶ 27–43. The Court has already found that Tolentino was not similarly 24 situated to Kelly because Kelly herself has alleged that she failed to submit an “interest tab” for 25 the full-time role at the relevant time. Dkt. No. 30 at 19. This leaves Seastrunk and Khine as the 26 27 1 Johnson and Kelly have different jobs, so are not similarly situated. See Vasquez v. Cnty. of Los Angeles, 349 F.3d 634, 641 (9th Cir. 2003), as amended (Jan. 2, 2004) (“individuals are similarly situated when they 1 possible comparators. The Court has found that the Complaint does not contain allegations with 2 respect to Khine’s eligibility for promotion in 2023 that would allow the inference that she and 3 Kelly were similarly situated, Dkt. No. 30 at 18, and the Amended Complaint adds no such 4 allegations. Even if Kelly were to do so, the result—that two comparators were promoted, one of 5 whom shared Kelly’s race—is not enough to support an inference of race discrimination absent 6 additional allegations.2 7 For the foregoing reasons, the Court denies Kelly’s race discrimination and hostile work 8 environment claims with leave to amend. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a)(2) (“The court should freely 9 give leave when justice so requires.”). 10 B. Retaliation 11 To state a prima facie claim for retaliation, Kelly must show that “she engaged in protected 12 activity, that she suffered a materially adverse action, and that there was a causal relationship 13 between the two.” Westerndorf v. W. Coast Contractors of Nevada, Inc., 712 F.3d 417, 422 (9th 14 Cir. 2013) (citations omitted). The Court has already found that Kelly’s October 9, 2024, meeting 15 with the EEO and her October 30, 2024, meeting with Dignarice constitute protected activity. Dkt. 16 No. 30 at 27–28. The Court has also found that various actions taken by hospital staff on 17 November 8, 2024, and November 17, 2024, satisfy the adverse employment action and causal 18 relationship prongs and are sufficient to state a retaliation claim. Id. at 28–29. The questions 19 before the Court now are whether Kelly’s allegations from late 2024 and 2025 may be included in 20 this action and whether Kelly has pled them adequately. 21 1. Exhaustion 22 The City has asked the Court to “clarify that Plaintiff’s retaliation claim remains limited to 23 the discrete adverse actions the Court previously found plausibly alleged and timely.” Mot. at 7. 24 But the retaliatory conduct that Kelly alleges in her Amended Complaint is reasonably related to 25 the retaliation claim that she has already exhausted. In the Ninth Circuit, allegations that are “like 26 27 2 Because similarly situated individuals must be “outside [Kelly’s] protected class” for the purposes of inferring discrimination, Khine is the only one left. See Austin v. City of Oakland, No. 17-CV-03284 YGR, 1 or reasonably related to” the exhausted Title VII claim and “consistent with [the] original theory 2 of the case” may be considered. See Arizona ex rel. Horne v. Geo Grp., Inc., 816 F.3d 1189, 3 1205–06 (9th Cir. 2016) (citing Freeman v. Oakland Unified Sch. Dist., 291 F.3d 632, 636 (9th 4 Cir.2002)) (reversing a district court’s exclusion of allegations of retaliation and remanding for a 5 determination of whether the allegations were reasonably related to the initial charge). The City 6 argues that Kelly’s “2025 allegations introduce a new theory of retaliation,” Mot. at 14, but this is 7 not the case. To the contrary, her allegations of retaliatory conduct following the October 2024 8 meetings and continuing through October 2025 are consistent with her original theory and 9 reasonably related to her original claim. 10 2. Adverse employment action 11 The question remains whether these additional allegations satisfy the adverse employment 12 action and causation elements. As to adverse employment action, a plaintiff need only show that 13 the alleged retaliatory act “well might have dissuaded a reasonable worker from making or 14 supporting a charge of discrimination.” Burlington N. & Santa Fe Ry. Co. v. White, 548 U.S. 53, 15 68 (2006) (cleaned up). Such actions need not be severe. See McAlindin v. Cnty. of San Diego, 192 16 F.3d 1226, 1239 (9th Cir. 1999), opinion amended on denial of reh’g, 201 F.3d 1211 (9th Cir. 17 2000); Bouman v. Block, 940 F.2d 1211, 1229 (9th Cir. 1991) (to state a retaliation claim, the 18 plaintiff “need not show that she was fired, demoted or suffered some financial loss as a result” of 19 the employer’s action). 20 Here, Kelly alleges that after the October 9 and 24 meetings she was “subjected to a Threat 21 Assessment on 12/10/24” and then “placed on paid Administrative Leave 12/11/24…and 22 temporarily reassigned to another DPH office with a new schedule and job duties/ role….” Id. ¶ 23 16. She alleges further that the “incongruent work assignments” that she began after she was 24 placed on administrative leave continued “into August of 2025.” Id. at 26. She contends that 25 “[s]ince January, 2025, I was sent a series of incongruent reassignments continuing a pattern of 26 adverse employment actions, disparate treatment, harassment and retaliation[] that involved 27 incongruent work assignments and schedules significantly impacting and interrupting my life.” Id. 1 reduced hours, lessened and delayed payment, and insufficient HR support in response to reports 2 of harassing behavior against her. See id. at 29–31. Because these acts “might well have dissuaded 3 a reasonable worker from making or supporting a charge of discrimination,” Kelly has adequately 4 pled an adverse employment action. 5 3. Causation 6 To show causation, Kelly must establish that “her protected activity was a but-for cause of 7 the alleged adverse action by the employer.” Univ. of Texas Sw. Med. Ctr. v. Nassar, 570 U.S. 8 338, 362 (2013). “Because it is often difficult for plaintiffs to adduce direct evidence of retaliation, 9 causation between protected activity and adverse employment action may be inferred from 10 circumstantial evidence, such as the employer’s knowledge that the plaintiff engaged in protected 11 activities and the proximity in time between the protected action and the allegedly retaliatory 12 employment decision.” Pringle v. Wheeler, 478 F. Supp. 3d 899, 916 (N.D. Cal. 2020) (quoting 13 Hoko v. Transit Am. Servs., No. 14-CV-01327-LHK, 2014 WL 3963033, at *8 (N.D. Cal. Aug. 13, 14 2014)) (internal quotation marks omitted). 15 Kelly’s allegations of retaliatory acts extending through October 2025 adequately plead 16 causation. “[A] pattern of ongoing retaliation following protected conduct supports a finding of 17 causation.” Adetuyi v. City & Cty. of San Francisco, 63 F. Supp. 3d 1073, 1090 (N.D. Cal. 2014) 18 (inferring causation based on allegations of ongoing retaliatory activity spanning five years with 19 employer knowledge of protected activity) (citing Wood v. Dollar Rent–A–Car Sys., Inc., 128 20 Fed.Appx. 620, 622 (9th Cir. 2005)); see also Pringle, 478 F. Supp. at *918 (same). The motion to 21 dismiss is denied as to Kelly’s retaliation claim. 22 C. Motion to Strike 23 The City moves the Court to strike Kelly’s punitive-damages allegations, improper state- 24 law theories, untimely discrete acts, and new post-2024 allegations as outside the scope of the 25 Court’s Order—and the post-2024 allegations for the separate reason that Kelly has failed to 26 exhaust her administrative remedies. Mot. at 7–8. “The court may strike from a pleading an 27 insufficient defense or any redundant, immaterial, impertinent, or scandalous matter.” Fed. R. Civ. 1 The Motion to Strike is granted as to Kelly’s request for punitive damages, see FAC □ 54, 2 and otherwise denied. The Motion is moot as to improper state-law theories and untimely discrete 3 acts, as the race discrimination and hostile work environment claims are being dismissed. The 4 Motion is inapposite as to the post-2024 allegations, as they reasonably relate to Kelly’s retaliation 5 claim. See Section III(B)(1), supra. 6 || IV. CONCLUSION 7 For the foregoing reasons, the City’s Motion to Dismiss is granted without prejudice as to 8 || Kelly’s claims for race discrimination and hostile work environment. The Motion is denied as to 9 || Kelly’s claim for retaliation. Kelly is granted leave to amend her race discrimination and hostile 10 || work environment claims. Kelly may file an amended complaint no later than March 31, 2026. 11 IT IS SO ORDERED. a 12 Dated: March 10, 2026

13 x 14 AJA SHNAN 15 United States Magistrate Judge 16

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