Shaia v. Estate of Brown (In re Brown)

229 B.R. 669, 1998 Bankr. LEXIS 1792
CourtUnited States Bankruptcy Court, E.D. Virginia
DecidedSeptember 22, 1998
DocketBankruptcy No. 95-34782-T; Adversary No. 96-3125-T
StatusPublished

This text of 229 B.R. 669 (Shaia v. Estate of Brown (In re Brown)) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering United States Bankruptcy Court, E.D. Virginia primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Shaia v. Estate of Brown (In re Brown), 229 B.R. 669, 1998 Bankr. LEXIS 1792 (Va. 1998).

Opinion

MEMORANDUM OPINION

DOUGLAS O. TICE, Jr., Bankruptcy Judge.

Trial was held August 10, 1998, on the trustee’s complaint against the estate of the debtor’s deceased former husband and against the administrator of the estate of the debtor’s deceased daughter.1 The facts of the case are not in dispute. The court is called upon to interpret a provision, of the marital separation agreement entered into by debtor and her former husband, Winfree Brown.

For reasons stated, the court rules that the trustee’s assertion that debtor has a property interest in either of the decedent estates must be rejected and judgment entered for the defendants. A cross claim by the Estate of Winfree Brown will be conditionally dismissed.

Facts

Angela H. Brown filed a voluntary chapter 7 petition on November 7, 1995, and Harry Shaia, Jr., serves as trustee in bankruptcy.

The debtor was formerly married to Win-free Brown. Two children were born of this marriage, Tangee S. Brown (d.o.b. May 26, 1979) and Tamesha B. Brown (d.o.b. December 8,1981).

The debtor and Winfree Brown were separated in 1988. Divorce proceedings were commenced, and on May 15,1990, the parties entered into a separation agreement which purported to resolve all financial matters between them.

Prior to the parties’ divorce, Winfree Brown died intestate on September 4, 1990. He was survived by his daughters, Tangee and Tamesha Brown. Marian Beacham and Clara B. Brown were qualified as co-administrators, d.b.n., for the estate of Winfree Brown in the Circuit Court of the County of Henrico, Virginia.

[671]*671After Winfree Brown’s death debtor filed suit in Henrico Court by which she sought to have the separation agreement declared invalid. The validity and enforceability of the agreement was upheld by the circuit court and, on appeal, by the Supreme Court of Virginia. Brown v. Brown, 244 Va. 319, 422 S.E.2d 375 (1992).

On June 28, 1995, Tamesha Brown died intestate. Roy M. Terry, Jr., qualified as her administrator in the Circuit Court of the County of Chesterfield, Virginia.

Additional facts are stated in the discus- ' sion portion of this opinion.

Discussion And Conclusions

The court has jurisdiction over the subject matter of this complaint pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 157(b), 1334 and 2201. This action is a core proceeding. Venue of this action is proper in this court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1409.

This case involves a fairly simple issue: Whether the debtor, in the separation agreement of May 15, 1990, waived her right to claim an inheritance through her deceased daughter Tamesha. If she did not waive then the trustee as debtor’s chapter 7 trustee may claim debtor’s inheritance interest in Tamesha’s estate.2 If the debtor waived her right of inheritance from Tamesha, the trustee has no interest to claim.

The court must therefore resolve the dispute over the interpretation of a waiver provision of the separation agreement of debtor and Winfree Brown. Paragraph 21 of the agreement provided for the parties’ mutual release of claims as to each other’s property. Paragraph 21B contained debtor’s release and stated as follows:

B. That wife forever relinquishes and releases all right, title and interest which she now has or ever may have in and to the real, personal, mixed, separate or marital property of Husband, all right of dower, all right, title and interest which she has or ever may have in and to the property and assets of Husband presently held or acquired in the future or estate of Husband, at his death, and all right and interest to take against his Will or under the intestate laws, and each and every other right, title and interest she has or ever may have against Husband, his heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, excepting only every right that is given her in and by this Agreement, (emphasis supplied)

At trial, debtor testified that she did not intend by her release in Paragraph 21B to waive any claim to her daughter’s estate. Counsel for the Winfree Brown Estate called as a witness the attorney who represented Mr. Brown in the divorce proceedings and who prepared the separation agreement. That witness acknowledged that he and Mr. Brown never discussed the specific question raised here. However, the substance of his testimony was that the purpose of the mutual release provisions was for each spouse to release all possible interest in the assets of the other, including an interest by way of inheritance either through a spouse of a spouse’s heirs.

When viewed under the facts of this case the underscored language of Paragraph 21B is somewhat peculiar in referring to the wife’s release of “every other right, title and interest she has or ever may have against Husband, his heirs, etc.” The language preceding this would seem to have released all interest of wife in any property of the husband and makes no mention of husband’s heirs. The court can only conclude that the underscored language is typical lawyer boiler plate to cover any other possible type of claim the wife might have against the husband, his heirs or his estate.

I believe it is rather unlikely that the parties to such an agreement would have considered, much less intended, that they were effectively waiving their right to inherit from their children of the marriage who might predecease them. The literal application of the provision would seem to prevent a [672]*672parent inheriting from a child, say 20 years later, an absurd and doubtful result.

In the instant case the result is not so absurd. The debtor’s daughter’s only property is that inherited from her father, property that debtor plainly released in Paragraph 21B. Both decedent estates remain open for administration.

Under Virginia case law, where a “separation agreement is complete on its face, and the language is plain and unambiguous .... [the court] must ascertain the intent of the parties by examining the four corners of the agreement.” Blunt v. Lentz, 241 Va. 547, 404 S.E.2d 62, 64 (Va.1991). Despite my reservations about the language of the agreement, I find that Paragraph 21B applied to the present facts must be construed according to its literal terms and not based upon this court’s speculations of what the parties intended.

It is the function of the court to construe the contract made by the parties, not to make a contract for them. The question for the court is what did the parties agree to as evidenced by their contract. The guiding light in the construction of a contract is the intention of the parties as expressed by them in the words they have used, and courts are bound to say that the parties intended what the written instrument plainly declares.

Blunt, 404 S.E.2d at 65. (emphasis in original)

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Related

Brown v. Brown by Beacham
422 S.E.2d 375 (Supreme Court of Virginia, 1992)
Blunt v. Lentz
404 S.E.2d 62 (Supreme Court of Virginia, 1991)
Southerland v. Estate of Southerland
457 S.E.2d 375 (Supreme Court of Virginia, 1995)

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Bluebook (online)
229 B.R. 669, 1998 Bankr. LEXIS 1792, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/shaia-v-estate-of-brown-in-re-brown-vaeb-1998.