Sekarore v. Harvey

2025 NY Slip Op 31527(U)

• Court: New York Supreme Court, Onondaga County
• Decided: April 28, 2025
• Docket: Index No. 003757/2025
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

Sekarore v Harvey 2025 NY Slip Op 31527(U) April 28, 2025 Supreme Court, Onondaga County Docket Number: Index No. 003757/2025 Judge: Gerard J. Neri Cases posted with a "30000" identifier, i.e., 2013 NY Slip Op 30001(U), are republished from various New York State and local government sources, including the New York State Unified Court System's eCourts Service. This opinion is uncorrected and not selected for official publication. INDEX NO. 003757/2025 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 27 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/28/2025

At a Motion Term of the Supreme Court of the State of New York held in and for the County of Onondaga ·at the Onondaga County Courthouse, Syracuse, New York, on the 25 th day of April, 2025.

PRESENT: HON. GERARD J. NERI, J.S.C.

STATE OF NEW YORK SUPREME COURT COUNTY OF ONONDAGA

BONNKESEKARORE and JOANNE M. MEYER, DECISION and ORDER Petitioners, -against- Index No. 003757/2025

. PALMER HARVEY, THE ONONDAGA COUNTY BOARD OF ELECTIONS, KENYATA CALLOWAY, MAXWELL M. RUCKDESCHEL, LISA M. SACCO, and DANIEL E. PETRICK,

Respondents.

Petitioners Bonnke Sekarore and Joanne M. Meyer (collectively as the "Petitioners")

commenced this action on April 14, 2025 by filing a Petition (Doc. No. 1) and proposed order to

show cause (Doc. No. 7). The proceeding was subsequently assigned to this Court and on April

16, 2025 the Court signed the order to show cause (Doc. No. 10). Petitioners thereafter filed an

Amended Petition (Doc. No. 11) and served the papers in accordance with the order to show

cause (see Affidavits of Service, Doc. Nos. 17-18). Petitioners seek an order of the Court, inter ' alia, invalidating the designating petition of Respondent-Candidate Palmer Harvey ("Harvey")

on the basis that the designating petition is permeated with fraud and on the further basis that the

designating petition contains fewer than the required signatures (see Petition, Doc. No. 1, pp. 6-

7; see also Amended Petition, Doc. No. 11, pp. 7-9).

Page 1 of 7 ·

1 of 7 [* 1] INDEX NO. 003757/2025 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 27 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/28/2025

Among the papers submitted by Petitioners include the report of Heather Kukowski, a

private investigator (Doc. Nos. 5 & 15). Kukowski states that she went to 113 Kappesser Street,

Syracuse, New York to speak with Nancy and Ingo Minor (ibid, p. 2). Ingo Minor answered the

door and when asked about the designating petition, responded that he signed for himself and on

behalf of his wife Nancy (ibid). Kukowski further reports: .

"Nancy came out to the porch were we [Kukowski and Ingo Minor] were talking and she said she was standing right with her husband and allowed him to sign for her. She said she was not willing to sign a document stating she didn't sign the petition and called the Investigator a 'F****** Republican and to get off her porch" (ibid).

· Kukowski also went to 403 Second North Street, Syracuse, New York to speak with Reena and ' Joe Rivera (ibid). Joe Rivera reported that he did not sign the designating petition and Reena

Rivera admitted to signing for both herself and Joe Rivera (ibid). Reena Rivera stated, "she

didn't even know what she was signing for and just wanted the person who showed up with the

document to leave" (ibid). Petitioners also submitted an affidavit from Joe Rivera stating that he

did not sign the designating petition (Doc. Nos. 6 & 16).

Respondent Onondaga County Board of Elections submitted an answer in which they

declined to take a position on the merits of the proceeding (Doc. No. 19). Respondents Kenyata

Calloway, Maxwell M. Ruckdeschel, Lisa M. Sacco, and Daniel E. Petrick answered, generally

· denied, and asserted numerous affirmative defenses (Doc. No. 21). Respondent-Candidate

Harvey answered, generally denied, and asserted numerous affirmative defenses (Doc. No. 22).

On April 25, 2025, the Court held a hearing. Petitioners first called Respondent-

Candidate Harvey. After initial questioning, Harvey invoked her rights under the Fifth

Amendment. Counsel for Petitioners asked that if Harvey was aware that such an invocation of

her Fifth Amendment rights could lead to a negative inference in this civil matter. Ms. Harvey

Page 2 of 7

2 of 7 [* 2] INDEX NO. 003757/2025 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 27 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/28/2025

acknowledged that she was so informed and declined to answer any further questioning.

Petitioners next called Joe Rivera to testify. Mr. Rivera testified that the purported signature was

not.his. On cross.,.examination, Mr. Rivera stated that he was inside the house when someone

called at the door and that he believed his wife could sign in his place. On redirect, Mr. Rivera

stated that he did not speak with Harvey, that he did not see Harvey, and that he was inside the

house and only aware that his wife was speaking with someone. Petitioners next called Reena

Rivera to testify. Mrs. Rivera testified that she placed both her name and Mr. Rivera's name on

the designating petition.

Discussion:

Petitioners,commenced this proceeding pursuant to Article 16 of the Election Law and

seeks to invalidate the designating petition purporting to nominate Respondent- Candidate

Palmer L. Harvey as the Democratic Party candidate for Onondaga County Legislator, Ninth

District. Petitioners iillege that Harvey fraudulently witnesses the signature of Joe Rivera (see

Petition; Doc. No. 1, 128; see also Amended Petition, Doc. No. 11, 128). "As a general rule, a

candidate's designating petition will be invalidated on the ground of fraud only if there is a

showing that the entire designating petition is permeated with that fraud" (Buttenschon v.

Salatino, 164 A.D.3d 1588, 1589 [Fourth Dept. 2018], citing Perez v. Galarza, 21 A.D.3d 508,

508-509 [Second Dept. 2005]). "Even when the design~ting petition is not permeated with

fraud, however, when the candidate has participated in or is chargeable with knowledge of the

fraud, the designating petition will generally be invalidated" (ibid). Petitioners submitted the

affidavit of Joe Rivera which states: "I, Joe Rivera, by no means signed my own name to a

petition designating Palmer L. Harvey for Onondaga County 9th District Legislator on March 24,

Page 3 of 7

3 of 7 [* 3] INDEX NO. 003757/2025 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 27 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/28/2025

2025" (Doc. No. 16). At the hearing, Mr. Rivera confirmed that it was not his signature, and

Mrs. Rivera confirmed that she placed both names on the designating petition.

When questioned at the hearing, Respondent-Candidate Harvey asserted her Fifth

Amendment Rights and refused to answer questions from Petitioners' Attorney. "In a civil case

an unfavorable inference may be drawn against a party from the exercise of the privilege against

self-incrimination" (Prince, Richardson on Evidence § 5-710). Harvey declined to provide any

evidence contradicting the purported signatory's claim that he did not sign the designating

petition. The Petitioners proved by clear and convincing evidence that Joe Rivera.did not sign

the designating petition and therefore Harvey's signing of the witness statement that she had in

fact witnessed him sign constitutes a fraud. Harvey's invocation of her Fifth Amendment rights

permits the finder of fact to make a negative inference, which in this case reinforces the

testimony of Joe Rivera and Reena Rivera. The caselaw is clear that such 'a fraudulent signature

invalidates the entirety of the designating petition (Grynspan v. Moore, 194 A.D.3d 1493 [Fourth

Dept. 2021]; Burman v. Subedi, 172 A.D.3d 1882 [Third Dept. 2019]; Mattice v. Hammond, 131

A.D.3d 790 [Third Dept. 2015]; Haygood v. Hardwick, 110 A.D.3d 931 [Second Dept. 2013];

Leonard v. Pradhan, 286 A.D.2d 459 [Second Dept. 2001]). Malicious intent is not synonymous

with fraud (Grynspan at 1494).

Respondents other than the Board of Elections have made the novel argument in their

answer that due to the declination of Harvey and the purported substitution of Respondent

Kenyata Calloway renders the instant proceeding moot. This is simply incorrect. Respondent

Calloway's purported candidacy is based upon the Harvey designating petition. Without the

Harvey designating petition and subsequent purported declination, there is no vacancy to which

Calloway can be nominated. Said another way, a valid designating petition is a prerequisite to a

Page 4 of 7

4 of 7 [* 4] INDEX NO. 003757/2025 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 27 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/28/2025

declination and subsequent nomination (see Turdik v. Bernstein, 87 A.D.3d 748 [Second Dept.

2011]; see also Matter of Hunter v. New York State Bd. of Elections, 32 A.D.3d 662,663 [Third

Dept. 2006], citing In re Leemhuis v. State, Bd. of Elections, 186 A.D.2d 863, 863 [Third Dept.

1992]). 1 ·The committee to fill vacancies is created by the initial designating petition, and

without the designating petition, there is no committee to fill vacancies to name a subsequent

candidate.

Respondents other than the Board of Elections urge the Court to use its equitable powers

and not invalidate the entire designating petition. They proffer Hennessy v. Board of Election

(175 A.D.3d 1777 [Fourth Dept. 2019]) in support of the premise that such invalidation is

discretionary. Hennessy is easily distinguishable as the subject signature was placed on the

designating petition by the individual's son pursuant to a power of attorney and in the presence

of both the purported signatory and the actual signer. In the instant matter, Mr. Rivera testified

that he did not sign, that Mrs. Rivera signed outside of his presence, and Harvey did not speak

with Mr. Rivera at any time. The instant matter aligns with Grynspan, Burman, and Mattice.

The Court notes that the witness statement of the subject designating petition states as

follows:

"I, Palmer Harvey, state: I am a duly qualified voter of the State of New York and am an enrolled voter of the Democratic Party. I now reside at 1512 1st N. Str. Apt. 3, Syracuse, NY 13208. Each of the individuals whose names are subscribed to this petition sheet containing 19 signatures, subscribed the same in my presence on the dates above indicated and identified himself or herself to be the individual who signed this sheet. I understand that this statement will be accepted for all purposes as the equivalent of an affidavit and, if it contains a material false

1 After Petitioners called their witnesses and prior to closing arguments, Counsel for Respondents Calloway, . Ruckdeschel, Sacco, and Petrick started to explain that a possible stipulation would be placed on the record in lieu of . Respondent-Election Commissioner Czamy's testimony that a finding offraud and invalidation of the designating petition would result in no candidate, neither Harvey nor purported substitut_ed candidate Calloway, appearing on the Democratic Party's ballot line for Onondaga County Legislator, District 9. The Court confirmed that this was its understanding of the law. In response, Counsel stated, "fair enough", and allowed closing arguments to proceed without another word on the topic.

Page 5 of 7

5 of 7 [* 5] INDEX NO. 003757/2025 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 27 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/28/2025

statement, shall subject me to the same penalties as if I had been duly sworn" (see Exhibit A, Sheet No. 20).

In closing, Counsel for Harvey stressed that it was Mrs. Rivera who signed the designating

petition.. However, as made plain by the witness statement at issue, the burden is on Harvey, not

the signers, to ensure that only the people she personally observes placed their name on the

designating petition. Counsel for Harvey urged this Court to use its equitable powers as it would

not be "fair" that Calloway be barred from the ballot too. Again, the responsibility of obtaining a

ballot line rests on the candidate named in the designating petition. "[C]andidates are held to a

higher standard" (Burman at 1883). "There is nothing to indicate that strict compliance with the

precise requirements of this statute as interpreted is not readily accomplished on the great bulk of

designating petitions. It is only the careless or inadvertent failure to follow the mandate of statute

and case law which gives rise to the complaints that come before us" (Higby v. Mahoney, 48

N;Y.2d 15, 20 [1979]). Herethe rule in all four Appellate Divisions is clear that when a

candidate affirms that the signatures on a designating petition were subscribed in his or her

presence on the dates indicated and by persons who identified themselves, and it is determined

the affirmation has a material false statement, such as in this matter, a single act of fraud by the

candidate will invalidate the entire designating petition. The relief sought by Petitioners is

granted.

NOW, THEREFORE, upon reading and filing the papers with respect to the Petition

and due deliberation having been had thereon, it is hereby

ORDEREI), that the relief sought by Petitioners is GRANTED; and it is further

ORDERED, that the Court finds that Respondent-Candidate Palmer L. Harvey

committed acts which constitute fraud under the Election Law by falsely attesting that Joe Rivera

signed the designating petition in Harvey's presence; and it is further

Page 6 of 7

6 of 7 [* 6] INDEX NO. 003757/2025 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 27 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/28/2025

ORDERED, that the designating petition purporting to nominate Palmer L. Harvey is

invalid, null, void, and of no effect due to the fraudulent signature of Joe Rivera purportedly

witnessed by Respondent-Candidate Palmer L. Harvey; and it is further

ORDERED, that the Onondaga County Board of Elections invalidate the Democratic

Party Designating Petition of Respondent-Candidate PALMER L. HARVEY for use by any

other replacement candidate for the office of Onondaga County Legislator for the 9" District, and

if the Onondaga County Board of Elections has made an administrative determination of its

validity prior to the conclusion of this preceding, overruling and setting aside the decision and

the Onondaga County Board of Elections is directed to invalidate PALMER L. HARVEY's

Designating Petition and further directs the Onondaga County Board of Elections to print ballots

for the June 24, 2025 Primary Election without the name of PALMER L. HARVEY appearing

thereon. as a candidate or any subsequent candidate under the guise of a substitution,

replacement, or filling of vacancy, including but not limited to the name ofKenyata Calloway.

Dated: April 28,- 2025

ENTER.

Page 7 of 7

7 of 7 [* 7]