[Cite as Schroeder v. Meyers, 2018-Ohio-2982.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT WILLIAMS COUNTY
Pamela Schroeder, et al. Court of Appeals No. WM-17-010
Appellees Trial Court No. 20131041B
v.
Daniel Meyers, Individually and as Executor of the Estate of Leland Meyers DECISION AND JUDGMENT
Appellant Decided: July 27, 2018
*****
Ralph W. Gallagher and Sara T. Schaffner, for appellees.
Stanley J. Yoder, for appellant.
OSOWIK, J.
{¶ 1} This is an appeal from a November 22, 2017 judgment of the Williams
County Court of Common Pleas, Probate Division, determining that a handwritten paper
entitled, “Things my dad wants me to do,” drafted sua sponte by Daniel Meyers
(“executor’), contained no testamentary intent on behalf of his father, Leland Meyers (“testator”). It did not constitute a codicil to the testator’s existing will or in any way
revoke or modify the terms of the will. For the reasons set forth below, this court affirms
the judgment of the trial court.
{¶ 2} Appellant, Daniel Meyers, sets forth the following two assignments of error:
1. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN REVIEWING THE ISSUE OF
TESTAMENTARY INTENT.
2. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN FINDING THAT THE
PURPORTED CODICIL WAS NOT A CODICIL.
{¶ 3} The following undisputed facts are relevant to this appeal. On April 10,
2012, the testator executed a last will and testament prepared at his request by the law
firm of Newcomer, Schaefer, Spangler and Breininger located in Bryan, Ohio. The will
bequeathed appellant’s estate, upon the deaths of testator and his wife, equally to their
four children.
{¶ 4} On January 16, 2013, the testator’s wife passed away. On March 6, 2013,
the testator passed away. On March 7, 2013, testator’s last will and testament, prepared
by the local law firm and executed by testator less than a year earlier, was filed with the
probate court.
{¶ 5} On February 15, 2013, several weeks before the testator passed away, the
executor drove his ailing father to the executor’s place of business where the executor
summarily instructed him to sign a handwritten sheet of paper entitled, “Things my dad
wants me to do.”
2. {¶ 6} The executor had several employees, who knew nothing of the substance of
the matter, witness and notarize the sheet of paper. The paper was initiated, drafted, and
controlled solely by the executor. It purported to materially alter the distribution of
testator’s estate, arguably in the executor’s favor, shortly before the testator’s death.
{¶ 7} The record reflects that the testator never changed or modified his actual last
will and testament executed the year before his death, nor did he seek to do so.
{¶ 8} On September 14, 2014, the subject handwritten document was admitted to
the probate court. Appellees subsequently initiated trial court action in order for there to
be a trial court determination as to the validity and impact, if any, of the handwritten
document upon the pending probate of testator’s estate.
{¶ 9} Appellee’s complaint specifically challenged the “validity of the purported
codicil based on the facts and circumstances surrounding the execution of the document.”
In addition, the complaint challenged the benefits that the executor sought to receive
pursuant to the document.
{¶ 10} On November 22, 2017, the trial court held in relevant part, “The court
finds the document, while not void on its face, lacks the necessary testamentary intent.”
In support of the decision, the trial court noted that there was no evidence whatsoever of
any intent by the testator to revoke or modify the last will and testament he executed the
year before he passed away. The trial court further noted the overwhelming evidence that
the executor unilaterally created and controlled the subject document.
3. {¶ 11} Accordingly, the trial court found that, “[T]he document is nothing more
than a list of instructions to the named executor [said list created by the executor].” The
trial court further found that, “[S]uch instructions are not binding in nature, do not
demonstrate the intent to alter the existing will, nor are they inconsistent with the general
testamentary plan set forth in the previously signed will.” This appeal ensued.
{¶ 12} In the first assignment of error, appellant contends that the trial court erred
in making a determination on the testamentary intent of the handwritten document. We
do not concur.
{¶ 13} In support of the first assignment of error, appellant maintains that the trial
court lacked jurisdiction to engage in consideration of testamentary intent of the subject
document. Governing statutes, in conjunction with the facts and circumstances of this
case, refute that position.
{¶ 14} Pursuant to R.C. 2101.24(A)(1)(p), the probate court is vested with
exclusive jurisdiction involving will contest actions. In conjunction with this, pursuant to
R.C. 2101.24(C), the probate court is vested with plenary power in both law and equity to
fully dispose of matters before that court unless otherwise indicated by other statutory
provisions. Lastly, R.C. 2107.01 establishes that for probate court jurisdictional
purposes, “wills” include purported codicils admitted to probate court in connection to
wills filed with that court.
{¶ 15} While appellant maintains in support of the first assignment of error that
the underlying will contest action solely dealt with the execution of the handwritten sheet
4. of paper, the language set forth in the complaint reflects otherwise. The complaint
specifically sets forth that it is contesting the, “facts and circumstances surrounding the
execution.” (Emphasis added).
{¶ 16} Based upon the foregoing, we find that appellant’s position that the trial
court in this matter lacked jurisdiction to consider the testamentary intent of the
document, based upon the assertion that the only matter properly before the court was
limited to the execution of the document and excluded the surrounding circumstances, is
without merit. We find appellant’s first assignment of error not well-taken.
{¶ 17} In appellant’s second assignment of error, appellant maintains that the trial
court erred in determining that the handwritten document did not constitute a valid
codicil to the testator’s last will and testament. We do not concur.
{¶ 18} The record reflects that on April 10, 2012, less than a year before passing
away, the testator executed an official last will and testament prepared at the testator’s
request by a local law firm.
{¶ 19} The record reflects that subsequent to his execution of a last will and
testament bequeathing his estate equally among his children, the named executor
unilaterally drafted a handwritten document entitled, “Things my dad wants me to do.”
{¶ 20} The record reflects that the executor solely initiated, drafted, and controlled
the document. The record reflects that the testator did not request or participate in any
way in the creation of the document. The record reflects no evidence that the testator
5. ever indicated to anyone a desire to revoke or modify any of the substantive terms of his
last will and testament.
{¶ 21} The record reflects that shortly before testator’s death, the executor
summarily drove his father to the executor’s place of business and instructed several
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[Cite as Schroeder v. Meyers, 2018-Ohio-2982.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT WILLIAMS COUNTY
Pamela Schroeder, et al. Court of Appeals No. WM-17-010
Appellees Trial Court No. 20131041B
v.
Daniel Meyers, Individually and as Executor of the Estate of Leland Meyers DECISION AND JUDGMENT
Appellant Decided: July 27, 2018
*****
Ralph W. Gallagher and Sara T. Schaffner, for appellees.
Stanley J. Yoder, for appellant.
OSOWIK, J.
{¶ 1} This is an appeal from a November 22, 2017 judgment of the Williams
County Court of Common Pleas, Probate Division, determining that a handwritten paper
entitled, “Things my dad wants me to do,” drafted sua sponte by Daniel Meyers
(“executor’), contained no testamentary intent on behalf of his father, Leland Meyers (“testator”). It did not constitute a codicil to the testator’s existing will or in any way
revoke or modify the terms of the will. For the reasons set forth below, this court affirms
the judgment of the trial court.
{¶ 2} Appellant, Daniel Meyers, sets forth the following two assignments of error:
1. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN REVIEWING THE ISSUE OF
TESTAMENTARY INTENT.
2. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN FINDING THAT THE
PURPORTED CODICIL WAS NOT A CODICIL.
{¶ 3} The following undisputed facts are relevant to this appeal. On April 10,
2012, the testator executed a last will and testament prepared at his request by the law
firm of Newcomer, Schaefer, Spangler and Breininger located in Bryan, Ohio. The will
bequeathed appellant’s estate, upon the deaths of testator and his wife, equally to their
four children.
{¶ 4} On January 16, 2013, the testator’s wife passed away. On March 6, 2013,
the testator passed away. On March 7, 2013, testator’s last will and testament, prepared
by the local law firm and executed by testator less than a year earlier, was filed with the
probate court.
{¶ 5} On February 15, 2013, several weeks before the testator passed away, the
executor drove his ailing father to the executor’s place of business where the executor
summarily instructed him to sign a handwritten sheet of paper entitled, “Things my dad
wants me to do.”
2. {¶ 6} The executor had several employees, who knew nothing of the substance of
the matter, witness and notarize the sheet of paper. The paper was initiated, drafted, and
controlled solely by the executor. It purported to materially alter the distribution of
testator’s estate, arguably in the executor’s favor, shortly before the testator’s death.
{¶ 7} The record reflects that the testator never changed or modified his actual last
will and testament executed the year before his death, nor did he seek to do so.
{¶ 8} On September 14, 2014, the subject handwritten document was admitted to
the probate court. Appellees subsequently initiated trial court action in order for there to
be a trial court determination as to the validity and impact, if any, of the handwritten
document upon the pending probate of testator’s estate.
{¶ 9} Appellee’s complaint specifically challenged the “validity of the purported
codicil based on the facts and circumstances surrounding the execution of the document.”
In addition, the complaint challenged the benefits that the executor sought to receive
pursuant to the document.
{¶ 10} On November 22, 2017, the trial court held in relevant part, “The court
finds the document, while not void on its face, lacks the necessary testamentary intent.”
In support of the decision, the trial court noted that there was no evidence whatsoever of
any intent by the testator to revoke or modify the last will and testament he executed the
year before he passed away. The trial court further noted the overwhelming evidence that
the executor unilaterally created and controlled the subject document.
3. {¶ 11} Accordingly, the trial court found that, “[T]he document is nothing more
than a list of instructions to the named executor [said list created by the executor].” The
trial court further found that, “[S]uch instructions are not binding in nature, do not
demonstrate the intent to alter the existing will, nor are they inconsistent with the general
testamentary plan set forth in the previously signed will.” This appeal ensued.
{¶ 12} In the first assignment of error, appellant contends that the trial court erred
in making a determination on the testamentary intent of the handwritten document. We
do not concur.
{¶ 13} In support of the first assignment of error, appellant maintains that the trial
court lacked jurisdiction to engage in consideration of testamentary intent of the subject
document. Governing statutes, in conjunction with the facts and circumstances of this
case, refute that position.
{¶ 14} Pursuant to R.C. 2101.24(A)(1)(p), the probate court is vested with
exclusive jurisdiction involving will contest actions. In conjunction with this, pursuant to
R.C. 2101.24(C), the probate court is vested with plenary power in both law and equity to
fully dispose of matters before that court unless otherwise indicated by other statutory
provisions. Lastly, R.C. 2107.01 establishes that for probate court jurisdictional
purposes, “wills” include purported codicils admitted to probate court in connection to
wills filed with that court.
{¶ 15} While appellant maintains in support of the first assignment of error that
the underlying will contest action solely dealt with the execution of the handwritten sheet
4. of paper, the language set forth in the complaint reflects otherwise. The complaint
specifically sets forth that it is contesting the, “facts and circumstances surrounding the
execution.” (Emphasis added).
{¶ 16} Based upon the foregoing, we find that appellant’s position that the trial
court in this matter lacked jurisdiction to consider the testamentary intent of the
document, based upon the assertion that the only matter properly before the court was
limited to the execution of the document and excluded the surrounding circumstances, is
without merit. We find appellant’s first assignment of error not well-taken.
{¶ 17} In appellant’s second assignment of error, appellant maintains that the trial
court erred in determining that the handwritten document did not constitute a valid
codicil to the testator’s last will and testament. We do not concur.
{¶ 18} The record reflects that on April 10, 2012, less than a year before passing
away, the testator executed an official last will and testament prepared at the testator’s
request by a local law firm.
{¶ 19} The record reflects that subsequent to his execution of a last will and
testament bequeathing his estate equally among his children, the named executor
unilaterally drafted a handwritten document entitled, “Things my dad wants me to do.”
{¶ 20} The record reflects that the executor solely initiated, drafted, and controlled
the document. The record reflects that the testator did not request or participate in any
way in the creation of the document. The record reflects no evidence that the testator
5. ever indicated to anyone a desire to revoke or modify any of the substantive terms of his
last will and testament.
{¶ 21} The record reflects that shortly before testator’s death, the executor
summarily drove his father to the executor’s place of business and instructed several
employees to witness the document without giving them any information regarding the
facts, substance, or context of the matter.
{¶ 22} While appellant relies substantially upon In re Estate of Baxter, 6th Dist.
Erie Nos. E-98-040, E-98-039, 1999 Ohio App. LEXIS 1937 (Apr. 30, 1999), in support
of the second assignment of error, the record reflects Baxter to be materially
distinguishable from the instant case.
{¶ 23} In Baxter, the purported codicil was never actually admitted to the probate
court. By contrast, the subject document in the instant case was admitted to the probate
court. In Baxter, one of the witnesses to the execution of the document testified that the
testator directly acknowledged that he executed the document, directly requested the
witnesses to provide their signature, and directly acknowledged a desire in support of the
codicil. None of these things occurred in the instant case.
{¶ 24} The record is devoid of any evidence of testamentary intent on the part of
the testator to revoke or in any way modify or alter the terms of his last will and
testament that he executed in the year preceding his death. We find appellant’s second
assignment of error not well-taken.
6. {¶ 25} Wherefore, the judgment of the Williams County Court of Common Pleas,
Probate Division, is hereby affirmed. Appellant is ordered to pay the costs of this appeal
pursuant to App.R. 24.
Judgment affirmed.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to App.R. 27. See also 6th Dist.Loc.App.R. 4.
Arlene Singer, J. _______________________________ JUDGE Thomas J. Osowik, J. _______________________________ Christine E. Mayle, P.J. JUDGE CONCUR. _______________________________ JUDGE
This decision is subject to further editing by the Supreme Court of Ohio’s Reporter of Decisions. Parties interested in viewing the final reported version are advised to visit the Ohio Supreme Court’s web site at: http://www.supremecourt.ohio.gov/ROD/docs/.
7.