[Cite as Schrader v. Schrader, 2012-Ohio-4032.]
COURT OF APPEALS STARK COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
CYNTHIA J. SCHRADER JUDGES: Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, P.J. Plaintiff-Appellant Hon. W. Scott Gwin, J. Hon. William B. Hoffman, J. -vs- Case No. 2012CA00010 DANIEL J. SCHRADER
Defendant-Appellee OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Stark County Court of Common Pleas, Family Court Division, Case No. 2010DR01364
JUDGMENT: Reversed and Remanded
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: September 4, 2012
APPEARANCES:
For Appellee For Appellant
GREGORY J. RUFO ROSEMARY G. RUBIN BRIAN K. NAM The Victorian Professional Building The Rufo Law Firm 1435 Market Avenue, North 101 Central Plaza S. Canton, Ohio 44714 900 Chase Tower Canton, Ohio 44702 Stark County, Case No. 2012CA00010 2
Gwin, J.
{¶1} Plaintiff-Appellant Cynthia J. Schrader (“Wife”) appeals the January 12,
2012 Judgment Entry entered by the Stark County Court of Common Pleas, Family
Court Division, which denied her motion for relief from judgment. Defendant-appellee is
Daniel J. Schrader (“Husband”).
STATEMENT OF THE FACTS AND CASE
{¶2} Husband and Wife were married on June 17, 2000. No children were born
as issue of the marriage. Wife filed a Complaint for Divorce on November 2, 2010. The
trial court issued temporary orders on November 30, 2010, ordering Husband to pay
$400/month in spousal support as well as the mortgage, car insurance, and utilities.
{¶3} The matter came on for final hearing on June 9, 2011. Prior to the final
hearing, Wife’s attorney, Rosemary Rubin, faxed a draft of a proposed separation
agreement to Husband’s attorney, James Adlon. On the morning of the hearing,
counsel for both parties discussed the separation agreement. The discussions were
held outside the presence of their clients.
{¶4} The proposed separation agreement read, in relevant part:
Upon sale of the marital residence, the Wife will receive the first
$10,000 from the proceeds of the sale and the parties will split the
remaining proceeds equally from the sale.
{¶5} Attorney Adlon crossed out the entire sentence following the clause,
“Upon the sale of the marital residence”, and interlineated the following: Stark County, Case No. 2012CA00010 3
The Husband shall pay to the Wife the sum of $8,500.00 from his
share of the proceeds of the said real estate to offset the difference in
equity in the motor vehicles.
In the event that there is no sale of the said real estate at the
auction with reserve, then the Husband shall, within 45 days thereafter,
purchase the Wife’s interest therein by paying to Wife one-half of the
difference between $160,000.00 and the mortgage balances owed at that
time plus an additional $8,500.00. All mortgages shall be paid current.
{¶6} Both Husband and Wife initialed the deletion as well as the interlineations.
{¶7} Via Judgment Entry filed June 10, 2011, the trial court granted the parties’
divorce. The trial court approved, adopted and incorporated the Separation Agreement
into the final decree, which it ordered Attorney Adlon to prepare. The parties executed
the Separation Agreement with the approved changes and filed such on June 17, 2011.
The trial court issued the Final Judgment Entry of Divorce on June 21, 2011.
{¶8} On November 8, 2011, Wife filed a Motion for Relief from Judgment
pursuant to Civ. R. 60(A) and 60(B)(1). Therein, Wife claimed the parties had made a
mutual clerical mistake in the drafting of the interlineations, specifically, the failure of the
interlineations to include language relative to the division of the proceeds of the sale of
the marital residence. Wife asserted the parties intended for the proceeds to be divided
equally. Wife requested the trial court correct the mutual mistake and reform the
language of the Separation Agreement. Each party filed respective trial memorandum
on the issue. Stark County, Case No. 2012CA00010 4
{¶9} The trial court conducted a hearing on the motion on January 4, 2012. At
the hearing, Attorney Adlon, who was no longer representing Husband, acknowledged
he personally wrote the interlineations on the draft separation agreement. The trial
court sustained the objections of Attorney Gregory Rufo, Husband’s current attorney, to
questions posed by Attorney Rubin to Attorney Adlon as to the intent of the parties
relative to the division of the proceeds of the sale of the marital residence. Wife testified
it was her understanding the interlineations did not alter the agreement each party
would receive one-half of the proceeds of the marital residence.
{¶10} Via Judgment Entry filed January 12, 2012, the trial court denied Wife’s
motion for relief from judgment based upon the findings and reasons set forth in
Husband’s trial memorandum.
{¶11} It is from that judgment entry Wife appeals, asserting as error:
{¶12} “I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN FAILING TO GRANT RELIEF FROM
JUDGMENT PURSUANT TO OHIO RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE 60(A) AND 60(B)
FOR A MUTUAL MISTAKE OF THE PARTIES.
{¶13} “II. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN ADOPTING THE TRIAL
MEMORANDUM OF THE DEFENDANT/APPELLEE WITHOUT FURTHER
EXPLANATION AS TO THE REASONS FOR DENIAL OF THE CIVIL RULE 60
MOTION.
{¶14} “III. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN THAT BY FAILING TO CORRECT
THE MISTAKE IN THE SEPARATION AGREEMENT THE COURT HAS NOT
AFFECTED AN EQUITABLE DIVISION OF MARITAL PROPERTY PURSUANT TO
OHIO REVISED CODE 3105.171.” Stark County, Case No. 2012CA00010 5
I, II
{¶15} Wife’s first and second assignments of error involve a similar analysis;
therefore, shall be addressed together. In her first assignment of error, Wife maintains
the trial court erred in denying her Civ. R. 60(A) and 60(B) motion for relief from
judgment as a mutual mistake by the parties warranted the requested relief. In her
second assignment of error, Wife asserts the trial court erred in adopting Husband’s trial
memorandum as grounds for denying Wife’s motion for relief from judgment without
further explanation.
{¶16} Civ. R. 60(A) provides, in pertinent part:
Clerical mistakes in judgments, orders or other parts of the record
and errors therein arising from oversight or omission may be corrected by
the court at any time on its own initiative or on the motion of any party and
after such notice, if any, as the court orders.
{¶17} Wife contends the failure of the parties to realize the language indicating
the parties would equally divide the proceeds from the sale of the residence was merely
a clerical error and the trial court should have corrected the judgment entry to reflect the
intent of the parties.
{¶18} Civ.R. 60(A) permits a trial court, in its discretion, to correct clerical
mistakes that are apparent on the record but does not authorize a trial court to make
substantive changes in judgments. Londrico v. Delores C. Knowlton, Inc., 88 Ohio
App.3d 282, 285, 623 N.E.2d 723 (1993). The term “clerical mistake” refers to a mistake
or omission mechanical in nature and apparent on the record that does not involve a
legal decision or judgment. Id. at 285, 623 N.E.2d 723. It is a type of error “identified Stark County, Case No. 2012CA00010 6
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[Cite as Schrader v. Schrader, 2012-Ohio-4032.]
COURT OF APPEALS STARK COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
CYNTHIA J. SCHRADER JUDGES: Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, P.J. Plaintiff-Appellant Hon. W. Scott Gwin, J. Hon. William B. Hoffman, J. -vs- Case No. 2012CA00010 DANIEL J. SCHRADER
Defendant-Appellee OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Stark County Court of Common Pleas, Family Court Division, Case No. 2010DR01364
JUDGMENT: Reversed and Remanded
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: September 4, 2012
APPEARANCES:
For Appellee For Appellant
GREGORY J. RUFO ROSEMARY G. RUBIN BRIAN K. NAM The Victorian Professional Building The Rufo Law Firm 1435 Market Avenue, North 101 Central Plaza S. Canton, Ohio 44714 900 Chase Tower Canton, Ohio 44702 Stark County, Case No. 2012CA00010 2
Gwin, J.
{¶1} Plaintiff-Appellant Cynthia J. Schrader (“Wife”) appeals the January 12,
2012 Judgment Entry entered by the Stark County Court of Common Pleas, Family
Court Division, which denied her motion for relief from judgment. Defendant-appellee is
Daniel J. Schrader (“Husband”).
STATEMENT OF THE FACTS AND CASE
{¶2} Husband and Wife were married on June 17, 2000. No children were born
as issue of the marriage. Wife filed a Complaint for Divorce on November 2, 2010. The
trial court issued temporary orders on November 30, 2010, ordering Husband to pay
$400/month in spousal support as well as the mortgage, car insurance, and utilities.
{¶3} The matter came on for final hearing on June 9, 2011. Prior to the final
hearing, Wife’s attorney, Rosemary Rubin, faxed a draft of a proposed separation
agreement to Husband’s attorney, James Adlon. On the morning of the hearing,
counsel for both parties discussed the separation agreement. The discussions were
held outside the presence of their clients.
{¶4} The proposed separation agreement read, in relevant part:
Upon sale of the marital residence, the Wife will receive the first
$10,000 from the proceeds of the sale and the parties will split the
remaining proceeds equally from the sale.
{¶5} Attorney Adlon crossed out the entire sentence following the clause,
“Upon the sale of the marital residence”, and interlineated the following: Stark County, Case No. 2012CA00010 3
The Husband shall pay to the Wife the sum of $8,500.00 from his
share of the proceeds of the said real estate to offset the difference in
equity in the motor vehicles.
In the event that there is no sale of the said real estate at the
auction with reserve, then the Husband shall, within 45 days thereafter,
purchase the Wife’s interest therein by paying to Wife one-half of the
difference between $160,000.00 and the mortgage balances owed at that
time plus an additional $8,500.00. All mortgages shall be paid current.
{¶6} Both Husband and Wife initialed the deletion as well as the interlineations.
{¶7} Via Judgment Entry filed June 10, 2011, the trial court granted the parties’
divorce. The trial court approved, adopted and incorporated the Separation Agreement
into the final decree, which it ordered Attorney Adlon to prepare. The parties executed
the Separation Agreement with the approved changes and filed such on June 17, 2011.
The trial court issued the Final Judgment Entry of Divorce on June 21, 2011.
{¶8} On November 8, 2011, Wife filed a Motion for Relief from Judgment
pursuant to Civ. R. 60(A) and 60(B)(1). Therein, Wife claimed the parties had made a
mutual clerical mistake in the drafting of the interlineations, specifically, the failure of the
interlineations to include language relative to the division of the proceeds of the sale of
the marital residence. Wife asserted the parties intended for the proceeds to be divided
equally. Wife requested the trial court correct the mutual mistake and reform the
language of the Separation Agreement. Each party filed respective trial memorandum
on the issue. Stark County, Case No. 2012CA00010 4
{¶9} The trial court conducted a hearing on the motion on January 4, 2012. At
the hearing, Attorney Adlon, who was no longer representing Husband, acknowledged
he personally wrote the interlineations on the draft separation agreement. The trial
court sustained the objections of Attorney Gregory Rufo, Husband’s current attorney, to
questions posed by Attorney Rubin to Attorney Adlon as to the intent of the parties
relative to the division of the proceeds of the sale of the marital residence. Wife testified
it was her understanding the interlineations did not alter the agreement each party
would receive one-half of the proceeds of the marital residence.
{¶10} Via Judgment Entry filed January 12, 2012, the trial court denied Wife’s
motion for relief from judgment based upon the findings and reasons set forth in
Husband’s trial memorandum.
{¶11} It is from that judgment entry Wife appeals, asserting as error:
{¶12} “I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN FAILING TO GRANT RELIEF FROM
JUDGMENT PURSUANT TO OHIO RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE 60(A) AND 60(B)
FOR A MUTUAL MISTAKE OF THE PARTIES.
{¶13} “II. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN ADOPTING THE TRIAL
MEMORANDUM OF THE DEFENDANT/APPELLEE WITHOUT FURTHER
EXPLANATION AS TO THE REASONS FOR DENIAL OF THE CIVIL RULE 60
MOTION.
{¶14} “III. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN THAT BY FAILING TO CORRECT
THE MISTAKE IN THE SEPARATION AGREEMENT THE COURT HAS NOT
AFFECTED AN EQUITABLE DIVISION OF MARITAL PROPERTY PURSUANT TO
OHIO REVISED CODE 3105.171.” Stark County, Case No. 2012CA00010 5
I, II
{¶15} Wife’s first and second assignments of error involve a similar analysis;
therefore, shall be addressed together. In her first assignment of error, Wife maintains
the trial court erred in denying her Civ. R. 60(A) and 60(B) motion for relief from
judgment as a mutual mistake by the parties warranted the requested relief. In her
second assignment of error, Wife asserts the trial court erred in adopting Husband’s trial
memorandum as grounds for denying Wife’s motion for relief from judgment without
further explanation.
{¶16} Civ. R. 60(A) provides, in pertinent part:
Clerical mistakes in judgments, orders or other parts of the record
and errors therein arising from oversight or omission may be corrected by
the court at any time on its own initiative or on the motion of any party and
after such notice, if any, as the court orders.
{¶17} Wife contends the failure of the parties to realize the language indicating
the parties would equally divide the proceeds from the sale of the residence was merely
a clerical error and the trial court should have corrected the judgment entry to reflect the
intent of the parties.
{¶18} Civ.R. 60(A) permits a trial court, in its discretion, to correct clerical
mistakes that are apparent on the record but does not authorize a trial court to make
substantive changes in judgments. Londrico v. Delores C. Knowlton, Inc., 88 Ohio
App.3d 282, 285, 623 N.E.2d 723 (1993). The term “clerical mistake” refers to a mistake
or omission mechanical in nature and apparent on the record that does not involve a
legal decision or judgment. Id. at 285, 623 N.E.2d 723. It is a type of error “identified Stark County, Case No. 2012CA00010 6
with mistakes in transcription, alteration or omission of any papers and documents
which are traditionally or customarily handled or controlled by clerks but which papers or
documents may be handled by others.” Dentsply Internatl., Inc. v. Kostas, 26 Ohio
App.3d 116, 118, 498 N.E.2d 1079 (1985); 514 U. S. 419; See, generally, McCormac &
Solimine, Ohio Civil Rules Practice (3d Ed.2003) 368, Section 13.34.
{¶19} We find the mistake Wife asked the trial court to correct was, in reality, no
more than clerical in nature. We disagree with the trial court the further addition of a
provision to the judgment regarding how the sale proceeds is to be divided would be a
substantive change.
{¶20} The Separation Agreement clearly provides Husband is to pay Wife the
sum of $8,500.00 from “his share of the proceeds” of the sale of the marital residence.
Webster’s Dictionary defines the word “share” as “the part allotted or belonging to one
of a number owning together property or interest”; “any of the equal portions into which
property or invested capital is divided”. To argue “his share” equates to all of the net
proceeds of the sale of the residence less $8,500.00 is disingenuous.
{¶21} Further, the Separation Agreement further states,
In the event that there is no sale of the said real estate at the
auction with reserve, then the Husband shall, within 45 days thereafter,
purchase the Wife’s interest therein by paying to Wife one-half of the
difference between $160,000.00 and the mortgage balances owed at that
time plus an additional $8,500.00. All mortgages shall be paid current.
(Emphasis added). “Except in topsy-turvy land, you can’t die before you are conceived,
or be divorced before ever you marry, or harvest a crop never planted, or burn down a Stark County, Case No. 2012CA00010 7
house never built, or miss a train running on a non-existent railroad...” Shover v. Cordis
Corp. (1991), 61 Ohio St. 3d 213, 233 (Douglas, J., dissenting). (Quoting Dincher v.
Marlin Firearms Co. (C.A. 2 1952), 198 F. 2d 821,823). In this case, the Husband
agreed to pay the Wife one-half of the difference between $160,000.00 and the
mortgage balances owed at that time in the event the real estate is not sold at the
auction with reserve. Only in topsy-turvy land would you intend to pay the Wife one-half
the value of the marital residence if it does not sell, yet intend that the Husband receive
the entire profit in the event the property is sold. We see no legitimate reason to divest a
person from his or her right to the proceeds of the sale of the marital residence simply
because the document was hurriedly cobbled together to avoid a trial.
{¶22} When the language cited within the Separation Agreement is read as a
whole, we find that the intent of the parties is patently obvious.
{¶23} Wife’s first and second assignments of error are sustained.
III
{¶24} In her third assignment of error, Wife submits the division of marital
property is inequitable as a result of the trial court’s failure to correct the mistake in the
Separation Agreement.
{¶25} Wife never appealed the final divorce decree. Any argument regarding
the equity of the division of marital property could have been raised in a direct appeal of
the original divorce decree. Having failed to file a direct appeal, Wife is now barred by
the doctrine of res judicata. State ex rel. Carroll v. Corrigan (2001), 91 Ohio St.3d 331,
332, 774 N.E.2d 771, 2001-Ohio-54.
{¶26} Wife’s third assignment of error is overruled. Stark County, Case No. 2012CA00010 8
{¶27} The judgment of the Stark County Court of Common Pleas, Family Court
Division, is reversed and this matter is remanded to the trial court for further
proceedings consistent with this opinion and the law.
By: Gwin, J. and
Delaney, P.J., concur
Hoffman, J., dissents ___________________________________ HON. W. SCOTT GWIN
___________________________________ HON. PATRICIA A. DELANEY
___________________________________ HON. WILLIAM B. HOFFMAN
WSG:clw 0731 Stark County, Case No. 2012CA00010 9
Hoffman, J., dissenting
{¶28} I respectfully dissent from the Majority’s decision with respect to Wife’s
first and second assignments of error. My reasons follow.
{¶29} Wife contends the failure of the parties to realize the language indicating
the parties would equally divide the proceeds from the sale of the residence was merely
a clerical error and the trial court should have corrected the judgment entry to reflect the
intent of the parties. While Civ.R. 60(A) permits a trial court, in its discretion, to correct
clerical mistakes that are apparent on the record, the Rule does not authorize a trial
court to make substantive changes in judgments. Londrico v. Delores C. Knowlton, Inc.,
88 Ohio App.3d 282, 285, 623 N.E.2d 723 (1993). The term “clerical mistake” refers to a
mistake or omission mechanical in nature and apparent on the record that does not
involve a legal decision or judgment. Id. at 285, 623 N.E.2d 723. It is a type of error
“identified with mistakes in transcription, alteration or omission of any papers and
documents which are traditionally or customarily handled or controlled by clerks but
which papers or documents may be handled by others.” Dentsply Internatl., Inc. v.
Kostas, 26 Ohio App.3d 116, 118, 26 OBR 327, 498 N.E.2d 1079 (1985); see,
generally, McCormac & Solimine, Ohio Civil Rules Practice (3d Ed.2003) 368, Section
13.34.
{¶30} I find the mistake Wife asked the trial court to correct was more than
clerical in nature. I agree with the trial court the further addition of a provision to the
judgment regarding how the sale proceeds are to be divided would be a substantive
change. Wife cites the deleted language of the draft of her proposed settlement
agreement, to which Husband’s attorney added interlineations, to establish the parties’
intent the sale proceeds be divided equally. However, I find such intent is not apparent Stark County, Case No. 2012CA00010 10
on the record. The issue was not presented to the trial court at the final hearing at
which the terms of the Settlement Agreement were read into the record. Accordingly, I
would find the trial court did not abuse its discretion in overruling Wife’s motion for relief
from judgment, and would overrule Wife’s first and second assignments of error.
{¶31} I caution my dissent should not be read to espouse Husband’s position,
after he pays Wife $8,500.00 from the proceeds of the sale of the marital residence, he
“receives the rest of the proceeds from the sale, after the payment of all outstanding
mortgages, taxes, insurances, utilities, etc., associated with the sale of the residence”.
Brief of Appellee at 10. The Separation Agreement clearly provides Husband is to pay
Wife the sum of $8,500.00 from “his share of the proceeds” of the sale of the marital
residence. Webster’s Dictionary defines the word “share” as “the part allotted or
belonging to one of a number owning together property or interest”; “any of the equal
portions into which property or invested capital is divided”. I find his assertion “his
share” equates to all of the net proceeds of the sale of the residence less $8,500.00 to
be disingenuous.
____________________________________ HON. WILLIAM B. HOFFMAN Stark County, Case No. 2012CA00010 11
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR STARK COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
CYNTHIA J. SCHRADER : : Plaintiff-Appellant : : -vs- : JUDGMENT ENTRY : DANIEL J. SCHRADER : : Defendant-Appellee : Case No. 2012CA00010
For the reasons stated in our accompanying Opinion, the judgment of the Stark
County Court of Common Pleas, Family Court Division, is reversed and this matter is
remanded to the trial court for further proceedings consistent with this opinion and the
law. Costs to be divided equally.
___________________________________ HON. W. SCOTT GWIN