Schoonover v. International Harvester Co.

525 N.E.2d 1041, 171 Ill. App. 3d 882, 121 Ill. Dec. 734, 1988 Ill. App. LEXIS 840
CourtAppellate Court of Illinois
DecidedJune 10, 1988
Docket87-1607
StatusPublished
Cited by7 cases

This text of 525 N.E.2d 1041 (Schoonover v. International Harvester Co.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Appellate Court of Illinois primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Schoonover v. International Harvester Co., 525 N.E.2d 1041, 171 Ill. App. 3d 882, 121 Ill. Dec. 734, 1988 Ill. App. LEXIS 840 (Ill. Ct. App. 1988).

Opinion

JUSTICE SULLIVAN

delivered the opinion of the court:

This is an appeal and cross-appeal from the denial of certain post-trial motions following a jury award of $50,000 in a strict products liability action.

Plaintiff was allegedly injured when a step came loose while he was descending from the cab of his tractor-trailer truck. He filed a strict products liability action against defendants, International Harvester, the truck manufacturer, and Hertz Corporation, the truck owner, which altered the step prior to the occurrence. Hertz thereafter filed a third-party action against Celotex Corporation, plaintiff’s employer.

Several months before trial, Hertz and Celotex were dismissed from the case with prejudice after entering into a loan receipt agreement with plaintiff whereby they jointly loaned plaintiff $300,000, which was repayable solely from any amounts recovered against the remaining defendant, International Harvester. The loan agreement expressly provided that in the event plaintiff’s recovery from International Harvester was less than $300,000, the excess amount of the loan would be forgiven.

In its post-trial motion International Harvester sought to have the forgiven amount of the loan (a minimum of $250,000) set off against the $50,000 jury award. In the alternative, it moved for judgment notwithstanding the verdict, for a new trial on liability only or for a new trial on all issues. In his post-trial motion plaintiff sought a new trial on the issue of damages only. The trial court denied all motions and both parties have appealed.

Opinion

Defendant initially contends that the court erred in denying its post-trial motion to have the forgiven loan amount set off against the $50,000 jury award. We agree.

At common law, amounts paid by “one or more of the joint tortfeasors are to be applied in reduction of the damages recoverable from those remaining in the suit.” (New York, Chicago & St. Louis R.R. Co. v. American Transit Lines, Inc. (1951), 408 Ill. 336, 342, 97 N.E.2d 264.) The common law rule against double recovery has been codified in section 2(c) of the Contribution Act (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1985, ch. 70, par. 302(c)), which provides in relevant part:

“When a release or covenant not to sue or not to enforce judgment is given in good faith to one or more persons liable in tort arising out of the same injury *** it reduces the recovery on any claim against the others to the extent of any amount stated in the release or the covenant, or in the amount of the consideration actually paid for it, whichever is greater.”

This rule has been consistently applied, even where the jury’s verdict is thereby reduced to zero because the amount paid for the release or the covenant not to sue exceeds the jury’s award. See, e.g., Nguyen v. Tilwalli (1986), 144 Ill. App. 3d 968, 495 N.E.2d 630; Price v. Wabash R.R. Co. (1961), 30 Ill. App. 2d 115, 174 N.E.2d 5; De Lude v. Rimek (1953), 351 Ill. App. 466, 115 N.E.2d 561.

There is no inequity to plaintiff in these circumstances because the purpose of compensatory tort damages is to compensate the plaintiff for his injuries, not to punish the defendant or bestow a windfall upon the plaintiff. (Peterson v. Lou Bachrodt Chevrolet Co. (1979), 76 Ill. 2d 353, 363, 392 N.E.2d 1.) An injured person is entitled to one full compensation for his injuries, and a double recovery for the same injury is against public policy. (Eberle v. Brenner (1987), 153 Ill. App. 3d 700, 702, 505 N.E.2d 691, citing Popovich v. Ram Pipe & Supply Co. (1980), 82 Ill. 2d 203, 412 N.E.2d 518.) Thus, a plaintiff who has recovered for his damages should have no basis to complain because a defendant benefited from a setoff. 153 Ill. App. 3d at 702.

A similar rule has been fashioned for loan receipt agreements, which our supreme court first sanctioned in Reese v. Chicago, Burlington & Quincy R.R. Co. (1973), 55 Ill. 2d 356, 303 N.E.2d 382. In Popovich v. Ram Pipe & Supply Co. (1980), 82 Ill. 2d 203, 412 N.E.2d 518, the supreme court held that a loan receipt agreement between a settling defendant and the plaintiff will be given effect as a loan agreement only to the extent that the money advanced thereunder is to be repaid by plaintiff to the defendant. (82 Ill. 2d at 210.) Whatever amount of the loan would be forgiven if the loan agreement were carried out according to its literal terms, however, is treated as an ordinary, unconditional payment for a covenant not to sue and must be set off against the verdict as a partial satisfaction of judgment. (82 Ill. 2d at 210.) The holding in Popovich, which was based on well-established principles barring double recovery in tort cases, was also applied by the supreme court in the companion case of Palmer v. Avco Distributing Corp. (1980), 82 Ill. 2d 211, 412 N.E.2d 959, decided the same day.

Subsequent to the supreme court’s decisions in Popovich and Palmer, we held that where the amount forgiven under the terms of a loan receipt agreement equals or exceeds the jury’s verdict, there is a complete satisfaction of judgment. (Webb v. Toncray (1981), 102 Ill. App. 3d 78, 79-81, 429 N.E.2d 874.) In Webb, the plaintiff entered into a loan agreement with one of two defendants prior to trial. In exchange for dismissal from the action, that defendant loaned plaintiff $9,000, which was to be repaid only to the extent plaintiff’s recovery against the remaining defendant exceeded $20,000. The jury awarded plaintiff $6,000 in damages, and the trial court granted defendant’s motion to set off the $9,000 forgiven loan amount against the $6,000 judgment.

On appeal, we rejected plaintiff’s argument that the result was contrary to public policy, stating:

“[U]pon due consideration of Illinois public policy, we have concluded that the mere fact that *** the nonsettling defendant *** has been found liable by the triers of fact and that setoff results in a zero dollar judgment against him does not dictate a result contrary to that reached in Palmer and Popovich. *** [W]e find that the overriding policy upon which Palmer and Popovich were decided is that double recoveries are not permitted in Illinois. *** In the present case, the jury determined that the plaintiff is entitled to recover $6,000 for his injuries.

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Bluebook (online)
525 N.E.2d 1041, 171 Ill. App. 3d 882, 121 Ill. Dec. 734, 1988 Ill. App. LEXIS 840, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/schoonover-v-international-harvester-co-illappct-1988.