GRAVES, J.
This action is one brought by a school district in St. Louis county, being joined therein by its board of directors, the purpose of which is to condemn for school purposes a small tract, of land adjoining the present schoolhouse site. The petition recites the various steps taken to get an expression of the qualified voters and taxpayers of the district upon the proposition of , acquiring this additional land. The proposition was submitted and voted upon at the an[467]*467nual school meeting. The petition then contains the following averment:
‘ ‘ Plaintiffs further state that the clerk of said district posted notices containing said proposition in five public places in said district on the 18th day of March, 1905, being fifteen days before said annual meeting held on April 4, 1905, at the school house in said district, and a majority of the qualified voters and taxpayers of said school district, at said annual meeting, voting by ballot, voted in favor of said proposition and the said proposition was announced by the chairman of said annual meeting as carried.”
The petition then concludes with other proper allegations, and no part thereof is challenged except the portion above quoted.
To this petition, the defendants filed a motion to require plaintiffs to make .their petition more definite and certain, which motion is thus stated:
“Now come Johanna C. C. Helmring, Lizzie Oellien, John Oellien, Henry Oellien and Fred Oellien, defendants, by their attorney, and move the court to require the plaintiffs to make more definite and certain the following portion of plaintiffs’ amended petition, on the second page thereof, and eighth line, to-wit: ‘And a majority of the qualified voters and taxpayers of said school district, at said annual meeting, voting by ballot, voted in favor of said proposition (meaning the proposition to acquire additional grounds as necessary for school purposes), and the said proposition was announced by the chairman of said annual meeting as carried, ’ for the reason that said words and portion of said petition are indefinite and uncertain in meaning, and defendants are unable to know or understand from said clause whether it is intended thereby to ayer that a majority of the qualified voters and taxpayers of said district, actually and only voting at said meeting, voted in favor of said proposition, or whether it is in[468]*468tended thereby to aver that the said qualified voters and taxpayers voting at said meeting for said proposition, constituted, and were in fact a majority of all the qualified voters and taxpayers of said school district whether voting or not. ’ ’
The foregoing motion was by the trial court sustained and the plaintiffs refusing to plead further, the court dismissed plaintiffs’ petition, refused to appoint commissioners and entered judgment for the defendants. After timely but unsuccessful motion for a new trial, plaintiffs in due course of time perfected their appeal. Such is the case for determination here.
This, action is bottomed upon the last clause of section 9772, Revised Statutes 1899, which reads:
“And whenever a majority of the qualified voters and taxpayers of any school district, at any annual or special meeting called for that purpose, shall determine that it is necessary to have additional grounds for school purposes, then the board of directors may proceed to condemn and pay for any amount of land adjacent to the schoo-lhouse site, as provided in this section.”
In fact there is no authority in law for the condemnation of additional land adjoining a schoolhouse site, other than the statute hereinabove set out. The numerous allegations of the petition in question show an attempt, at least, to comply with the statute. The first and vital question to be determined is the meaning of the words “majority of the qualified voters and taxpayers of any school district,” in the connection in which it is used. Do these words in this connection mean a majority of all the qualified voters and taxpayers of the district, whether present or absent at the time the vote is taken, or do they mean a mere majority of such qualified voters and taxpayers as are present at the time or meeting where the proposition is voted upon and determined? We think these words in the [469]*469connection used mean that the proposition must receive a majority of all the qualified voters and taxpayers of the district, and that a mere majority of all those present, unless it also he a majority of all the qualified voters and taxpayers of the district, is insufficient. It will be noticed that between two commas, the following phrase is thrown in, ‘ ‘ at any annual or special meeting called for that purpose.” If this phrase were left out there would be no question, for the clause would then read, “"Whenever a majority of the qualified voters and taxpayers of any school district . . . shall determine,” etc. To our mind the phrase omitted refers to the time and place when and where the fact whether or not a majority of the qualified voters and taxpayers of the district are in favor of the proposition shall be ascertained and that it was not intended to so modify the word “majority” as first used, so as to make it mean a mere majority of those present at the time and place indicated by the omitted phrase. It is quite clear that the legislative intent was to require the assent of a majority of all the qualified voters and taxpayers before the district could be subjected to the expense and damages resulting from a condemnation proceeding. By the phrase last above omitted from our quotation, it was intended to fix a time and place for procuring this assent, i. e., either at an annual meeting or at a special meeting called for that purpose.
It was not intended by the Legislature that, if there were only three presept out of forty voters and taxpayers, the majority of those present at such meeting could fix this burden upon the school district. If such had been the intent it could have been easily and plainly expressed by saying that the result should be determined by a majority of those present and voting at such meeting.
The rule of construction is thus stated by Sherwood, J., in case of State ex rel. Wear v. Francis, 95 [470]*470Mo. l. c. 51: “ The rule established in State v. Winkelmeier (35 Mo-. 103), is this: That when, by law, a vote is required or permitted to be taken, and a majority of the legal voters is mentioned in such law as- being necessary to carry the proposed measure, such majority must be a majority of all the legal voters entitled to vote at such election, and not a mere majority of those voting tliereat. This rule, thus laid down, has since become firmly established in the jurisprudence of this State. [State ex rel. v. Sutterfield, 54 Mo. 391; State ex rel. v. Brassfield, 67 Mo. 331; State ex rel. v. Mayor, 73 Mo. 435.] The case of State v. Binder (38 Mo. 450), is based upon its own peculiar facts, and is not, perhaps, to be regarded as shaking the authority of "Winkelmeier’s case, or of the other eases cited. And even were it to be so regarded, the well-settled rule laid down in the later cases referred to would still be regarded as better, safer and more sound. ’ ’
And to the same effect is the opinion of Valliant, J., speaking for the Court In Banc, in State ex rel. v. White, 162 Mo. l. c. 539, wherein it is said: “In State ex rel. v. Brassfield, 67 Mo. 331, it was held that the clause of the Constitution (sec. 14, art.
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GRAVES, J.
This action is one brought by a school district in St. Louis county, being joined therein by its board of directors, the purpose of which is to condemn for school purposes a small tract, of land adjoining the present schoolhouse site. The petition recites the various steps taken to get an expression of the qualified voters and taxpayers of the district upon the proposition of , acquiring this additional land. The proposition was submitted and voted upon at the an[467]*467nual school meeting. The petition then contains the following averment:
‘ ‘ Plaintiffs further state that the clerk of said district posted notices containing said proposition in five public places in said district on the 18th day of March, 1905, being fifteen days before said annual meeting held on April 4, 1905, at the school house in said district, and a majority of the qualified voters and taxpayers of said school district, at said annual meeting, voting by ballot, voted in favor of said proposition and the said proposition was announced by the chairman of said annual meeting as carried.”
The petition then concludes with other proper allegations, and no part thereof is challenged except the portion above quoted.
To this petition, the defendants filed a motion to require plaintiffs to make .their petition more definite and certain, which motion is thus stated:
“Now come Johanna C. C. Helmring, Lizzie Oellien, John Oellien, Henry Oellien and Fred Oellien, defendants, by their attorney, and move the court to require the plaintiffs to make more definite and certain the following portion of plaintiffs’ amended petition, on the second page thereof, and eighth line, to-wit: ‘And a majority of the qualified voters and taxpayers of said school district, at said annual meeting, voting by ballot, voted in favor of said proposition (meaning the proposition to acquire additional grounds as necessary for school purposes), and the said proposition was announced by the chairman of said annual meeting as carried, ’ for the reason that said words and portion of said petition are indefinite and uncertain in meaning, and defendants are unable to know or understand from said clause whether it is intended thereby to ayer that a majority of the qualified voters and taxpayers of said district, actually and only voting at said meeting, voted in favor of said proposition, or whether it is in[468]*468tended thereby to aver that the said qualified voters and taxpayers voting at said meeting for said proposition, constituted, and were in fact a majority of all the qualified voters and taxpayers of said school district whether voting or not. ’ ’
The foregoing motion was by the trial court sustained and the plaintiffs refusing to plead further, the court dismissed plaintiffs’ petition, refused to appoint commissioners and entered judgment for the defendants. After timely but unsuccessful motion for a new trial, plaintiffs in due course of time perfected their appeal. Such is the case for determination here.
This, action is bottomed upon the last clause of section 9772, Revised Statutes 1899, which reads:
“And whenever a majority of the qualified voters and taxpayers of any school district, at any annual or special meeting called for that purpose, shall determine that it is necessary to have additional grounds for school purposes, then the board of directors may proceed to condemn and pay for any amount of land adjacent to the schoo-lhouse site, as provided in this section.”
In fact there is no authority in law for the condemnation of additional land adjoining a schoolhouse site, other than the statute hereinabove set out. The numerous allegations of the petition in question show an attempt, at least, to comply with the statute. The first and vital question to be determined is the meaning of the words “majority of the qualified voters and taxpayers of any school district,” in the connection in which it is used. Do these words in this connection mean a majority of all the qualified voters and taxpayers of the district, whether present or absent at the time the vote is taken, or do they mean a mere majority of such qualified voters and taxpayers as are present at the time or meeting where the proposition is voted upon and determined? We think these words in the [469]*469connection used mean that the proposition must receive a majority of all the qualified voters and taxpayers of the district, and that a mere majority of all those present, unless it also he a majority of all the qualified voters and taxpayers of the district, is insufficient. It will be noticed that between two commas, the following phrase is thrown in, ‘ ‘ at any annual or special meeting called for that purpose.” If this phrase were left out there would be no question, for the clause would then read, “"Whenever a majority of the qualified voters and taxpayers of any school district . . . shall determine,” etc. To our mind the phrase omitted refers to the time and place when and where the fact whether or not a majority of the qualified voters and taxpayers of the district are in favor of the proposition shall be ascertained and that it was not intended to so modify the word “majority” as first used, so as to make it mean a mere majority of those present at the time and place indicated by the omitted phrase. It is quite clear that the legislative intent was to require the assent of a majority of all the qualified voters and taxpayers before the district could be subjected to the expense and damages resulting from a condemnation proceeding. By the phrase last above omitted from our quotation, it was intended to fix a time and place for procuring this assent, i. e., either at an annual meeting or at a special meeting called for that purpose.
It was not intended by the Legislature that, if there were only three presept out of forty voters and taxpayers, the majority of those present at such meeting could fix this burden upon the school district. If such had been the intent it could have been easily and plainly expressed by saying that the result should be determined by a majority of those present and voting at such meeting.
The rule of construction is thus stated by Sherwood, J., in case of State ex rel. Wear v. Francis, 95 [470]*470Mo. l. c. 51: “ The rule established in State v. Winkelmeier (35 Mo-. 103), is this: That when, by law, a vote is required or permitted to be taken, and a majority of the legal voters is mentioned in such law as- being necessary to carry the proposed measure, such majority must be a majority of all the legal voters entitled to vote at such election, and not a mere majority of those voting tliereat. This rule, thus laid down, has since become firmly established in the jurisprudence of this State. [State ex rel. v. Sutterfield, 54 Mo. 391; State ex rel. v. Brassfield, 67 Mo. 331; State ex rel. v. Mayor, 73 Mo. 435.] The case of State v. Binder (38 Mo. 450), is based upon its own peculiar facts, and is not, perhaps, to be regarded as shaking the authority of "Winkelmeier’s case, or of the other eases cited. And even were it to be so regarded, the well-settled rule laid down in the later cases referred to would still be regarded as better, safer and more sound. ’ ’
And to the same effect is the opinion of Valliant, J., speaking for the Court In Banc, in State ex rel. v. White, 162 Mo. l. c. 539, wherein it is said: “In State ex rel. v. Brassfield, 67 Mo. 331, it was held that the clause of the Constitution (sec. 14, art. 11, 1865) which declared that ‘the General Assembly shall not authorize any county, city or town to become a stockholder in . . . any . . . corporation unless two-thirds of the qualified voters of such county, city or town, at a regular or special election to -be held therein, assent thereto,’ meant all the legal voters in the county, city or town, and not merely all who voted. And it may be said that all the utterances of this court that bear on this question are to the same effect. [State ex rel. v. Mayor, 73 Mo. 437; State ex rel. v. Francis, 95 Mo. 44; State ex rel. v. McGowan, 138 Mo. 187.] ”
It will be observed that the constitutional provision under consideration, in the Brassfield case, supra, contains the phrase “ at a regular or special election to [471]*471be held therein,” which is very similar to the phrase we have under consideration here and it likewise has the same situation in the statute.
We are, therefore, of opinion that the law requires a majority of the qualified voters and taxpayers of the district and not a mere majority of those present and voting. Until such majority is procured the board of directors have no legal right to proceed to bring condemnation proceedings under section 9772, supra.
Nor are we convinced that these views in any way conflict with those of Burgess, J., in Richardson v. McReynolds, 114 Mo. 641. The statute there under consideration was what is now section 9750, Revised Statutes 1899. It is totally different from the section we have under consideration in the present ease. Section 9750 reads: “The qualified'voters assembled at the annual meeting, when not otherwise provided, shall have power by a majority of the votes cast:” Following the above are eleven distinct clauses giving and enumerating the things which can be done by the vote first above mentioned in said section 9750. It will be noticed by a reading of the entire section that there is nothing providing for condemnation proceedings for additional grounds. This subject is only mentioned in section 9772 and must be governed by that section and not by section 9750.
II. Having reached the conclusion as above indicated as to the law, the next question is, does this petition upon its face appear to be indefinite and uncertain, and was the trial court right in holding it to be indefinite and uncertain upon the motion which it sustained? Counsel for appellant urges throughout his brief that it only required a majority of those present and voting to give authority to the board of directors to proceed with the condemnation proceedings. In so doing he practically concedes the correctness of the trial court’s action, if this contention as to the law is [472]*472untenable. His contention is untenable as we have held. A reading of the portion of the petition which we have quoted, shows that it is uncertain as to whether the pleader meant a majority of the qualified voters and taxpayers of the whole district or a majority of such as voted at the election. If he meant the latter, then defendants could have successfully interposed a demurrer. If he meant the former defendants would be forced to answer. They were entitled to' know from the petition what pleading they must file. The purpose of defendants was no doubt to force this situation and they were entitled to it. The trial court was of the opinion that the petition was not sufficiently definite and certain upon the question raised by the motion, and in this opinion we concur. For these reasons, the judgment is affirmed.
All concur.