Schober v. Mountain Bell Telephone

630 P.2d 1231, 96 N.M. 376
CourtNew Mexico Court of Appeals
DecidedJuly 13, 1981
Docket4383
StatusPublished
Cited by35 cases

This text of 630 P.2d 1231 (Schober v. Mountain Bell Telephone) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering New Mexico Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Schober v. Mountain Bell Telephone, 630 P.2d 1231, 96 N.M. 376 (N.M. Ct. App. 1981).

Opinion

OPINION

LOPEZ, Judge.

This suit is the result of plaintiff’s attempts to secure compensation under the Workmen’s Compensation Act, §§ 52-1-1 to 52-1-69, N.M.S.A.1978. Plaintiff, formerly an engineer with Mountain Bell, collapsed at work, in November, 1976 and on January 24, 1977, allegedly as a result of his continued exposure to cigarette smoke in his work area. His recovery from the second collapse took four months, by which time he had lost his job.

The trial court awarded benefits for partial temporary disability. Plaintiff appeals, claiming 1) he has a total and permanent disability and 2) the court’s $750 limit on expert witness fees was improper. Mountain Bell cross-appeals the court’s conclusions that the accident arose out of Schober’s employment, and that Schober was in any way disabled.

Considered in their most logical order, the issues on appeal are: 1) whether there is substantial evidence to support the conclusion that the workman suffers from a disabling allergy; 2) whether the injury suffered by a workman allergic to cigarette smoke who collapsed at work due to his continual exposure to that substance is one arising out of his employment for purposes of the Workmen’s Compensation Act; 3) whether the trial court erred in considering that the workman was only temporarily disabled; 4) whether the trial court erred in finding only 30% disability; and 5) whether the court’s $750 limitation on expert witness fees recoverable by the plaintiff was proper when the plaintiff’s experts had charged him a total of $2,806.08, all of which fees the court found reasonable for necessary and relevant testimony. We affirm the trial court on all issues, except the third one.

Schober’s background is in electronics. After completing high school, he received some training in electronics at what is now the Bell and Howell School in Chicago. In 1957 he went to work for AT & T in Chicago as a repairman. He was promoted to the position of engineering associate and became a switching machine expert in 1966. Because of his wife’s health, he moved to Albuquerque in 1970 where he obtained a less lucrative job with Mountain Bell as a switching machine repairman. After three years, he was promoted to facility planner, responsible for long range planning of switching capacities in the Albuquerque metropolitan area.

In May of 1977, he was fired for excessive absences. The absences resulted from Schober’s collapse at work in January 1977, allegedly due to his allergy to cigarette smoke. He started noticing this allergy when his work area changed from one in which there was relatively little tobacco smoke, because the area housed Mountain Bell’s sensitive machinery, to an open office area in which about half the employees smoked. As this discomfort increased, he began consulting physicians. Dr. Woodward, the phone company’s physician, recommended that he see Dr. Field, an allergy specialist. Dr. Field determined that Schober was allergic to tobacco smoke, and recommended that he avoid the substance, avoidance being the only treatment known. Eventually, he consulted a psychiatrist, Dr. Hovda, and made three trips to National Jewish Hospital in Denver, all in the hope that someone could cure his allergy. The prescription was the same — avoidance of cigarette smoke. By prohibiting smoking in his home, installing a special filtration system there, and avoiding smoky public places, he could eliminate smoke from his personal environment; but he had no control over it at work where he was subjected to it every day. He offered to install a filter at work if Mountain Bell would provide him with a small enclosed space. They would not do so. In August of 1975, Schober took a demotion from engineering back to the plant in order to get out of the smoky area. By this time, however, he had become so sensitized to cigarette smoke, that even exposure to minute quantities triggered nose, throat, ahd chest pains. He continued to work until January 24, 1977, when he collapsed for the second time at work and was hospitalized. His first collapse at work was in the preceding November. His second recovery took four months, by which time he had been fired.

Because of the smoke problem, Schober was unable to find a job with electronics or communications firms where he could utilize some of his skills. He finally found a job in February of 1978 at Taro’s Gardens, working out-of-doors and in a greenhouse, which paid $4.00 an hour. While there, he learned to install sprinkler systems. In January, 1979, he started his own sprinkler installation business. He now earns approximately $1000 per month from his business, which is seasonal, and operates about six months of the year. His salary with Mountain Bell was approximately $14,500 per year. Were he to return to a smoky environment for an eight hour work day, his condition would deteriorate to the same level it was at the time of his collapse.

1. Disability from tobacco smoke.

This court has already decided that an allergic reaction to tobacco smoke which causes a workman eventually to collapse is an accidental injury under the Workmen’s Compensation Act. Schober v. Mountain Bell Telephone, 93 N.M. 337, 600 P.2d 283 (Ct.App.1978), cert. quashed, 92 N.M. 621, 593 P.2d 62 (1979).

Mountain Bell asserts, however, that there is no substantial evidence that tobacco smoke is an allergin. Rather, it is an irritant, which does not permanently alter the tissues of the body. Without some permanent physical alteration, Mountain Bell claims, there is no disability. Although defendant seems to argue the view that there must be permanent physical alteration of body tissues in order to qualify for permanent disability and relies on the North Carolina case of Sebastian v. Mona Watkins Hair Styling, 40 N.C.App. 30, 251 S.E.2d 872, cert. denied, 297 N.C. 301, 254 S.E.2d 921 (1979), defendant is mistaken in suggesting that such is the law in New Mexico. Even a purely psychological condition, if it results from a work injury, is compensable under our Workmen’s Compensation Act. Ross v. Sayers Well Servicing Co., 76 N.M. 321, 414 P.2d 679 (1966); see, Martinez v. University of California, 93 N.M. 455, 601 P.2d 425 (1979). There is no requirement that there be a physical tissue change for there to be a compensable disability. The distinction made by Mountain Bell between an allergin and an irritant is irrelevant for the purposes of our Workmen’s Compensation Act. The condition of being physically affected by the presence of a certain substance is a permanent condition, if the susceptibility is permanent.

In any event, there is substantial evidence supporting the trial court’s finding that Schober suffers from an allergic reaction to tobacco smoke. Substantial evidence is relevant evidence which a reasonable mind accepts as adequate to support the conclusion. Marez v. Kerr-McGee Nuclear Corp., 93 N.M. 9, 595 P.2d 1204, cert. denied, 92 N.M. 532, 591 P.2d 286 (1979).

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Bluebook (online)
630 P.2d 1231, 96 N.M. 376, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/schober-v-mountain-bell-telephone-nmctapp-1981.