S.B. v. N.C. (Appeal from Madison Juvenile Court: CS-23-900248).

• Court: Court of Civil Appeals of Alabama
• Decided: April 4, 2025
• Docket: CL-2024-0639
• Status: Published

Opinion

Rel: April 4, 2025

Notice: This opinion is subject to formal revision before publication in the advance sheets of Southern Reporter. Readers are requested to notify the Reporter of Decisions, Alabama Appellate Courts, 300 Dexter Avenue, Montgomery, Alabama 36104-3741 ((334) 229-0650), of any typographical or other errors, in order that corrections may be made before the opinion is published in Southern Reporter.

ALABAMA COURT OF CIVIL APPEALS OCTOBER TERM, 2024-2025 _________________________

CL-2024-0639 _________________________

S.B.

v.

N.C.

Appeal from Madison Juvenile Court (CS-23-900248)

PER CURIAM.

S.B. ("the mother") appeals from an amended judgment of the

Madison Juvenile Court ("the juvenile court") denying the mother's

postjudgment motion without a hearing. We reverse the juvenile court's

amended judgment and remand the cause with instructions. CL-2024-0639

Background

The mother and N.C. ("the father"), who are not married, were

living together in 2021 when the mother gave birth to P.A.C. ("the child").

The parties ended their relationship in January 2023, and the mother

moved out of the father's house in March 2023.

In June 2023, the father commenced an action seeking a judgment

adjudicating him the legal father of the child, awarding him and the

mother joint custody of the child, awarding him final decision- making

authority with respect to all issues pertaining to the child, establishing

the amount of his child-support obligation, and granting him the right to

claim the child as a dependent on his state and federal income-tax

returns. In July 2023, the mother answered the father's petition with a

general denial.

Thereafter, the mother filed a counterclaim seeking a judgment

awarding her sole physical custody of the child, awarding the parties joint

legal custody, awarding her child support, ordering the father to continue

to provide health insurance for the child, ordering the parties to each pay

one-half of the child's medical expenses that are not covered by insurance,

and authorizing each party to claim the child as a dependent for income-

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tax purposes in alternating years. In August 2023, the father filed a reply

to the mother's counterclaim.

In October 2023, the juvenile court appointed a guardian ad litem

to protect the interests of the child. In November 2023, the Alabama

Department of Human Resources ("DHR") filed a motion to intervene in

the action. In its motion, DHR alleged that the mother had assigned DHR

her right to collect child support and sought an order permitting it to

intervene for the purpose of establishing and collecting child support. The

juvenile court granted DHR's motion.

In January 2024, the mother filed an amended counterclaim. In her

amended counterclaim, the mother requested that the juvenile court

authorize her to claim the income-tax dependency exemption for the child

every year and that the juvenile court allocate responsibility for the

child's medical expenses that are not covered by insurance in accordance

with each parent's proportionate share of the parties' combined gross

monthly income. The father moved the juvenile court to strike the

mother's amended counterclaim because, he said, the mother had filed it

without first obtaining leave from the juvenile court to do so and because,

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he said, the mother had not timely filed it. The juvenile court granted the

father's motion to strike the mother's amended counterclaim.

The juvenile court tried the action on June 12, 2024. The father

testified that he had voluntarily paid the mother child support since she

moved out of his house in March 2023 and that the average amount of

those payments was $1,532 per month. He said that he was currently

employed by Northrup Grumman and that his current gross income from

his employment was $12,049 per month. He also testified that, in 2023,

he had withdrawn a gross amount of $79,931 from a 401(k) retirement

account sponsored by a previous employer and that, with the funds

withdrawn from the 401(k) account included, his gross monthly income

in 2023 was $15,577. The father introduced his 2023 federal and state

income-tax returns into evidence. Those returns indicate that, for the

year 2023, the father reported $126,058 in gross income from his salary

and $79,931 in gross income from his withdrawal of the funds in his

401(k) account.

In addition, the father said that he was the sole owner and sole

employee of a company ("the metal-fabrication company") that fabricated

metal parts to be used to modify automobiles. The father testified that

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the metal-fabrication company had never been profitable. He admitted

that he had been paid in cash for some of the work that the metal-

fabrication company had performed and that he had not reported those

cash payments on his income-tax returns for 2021 and 2022; however, he

testified that he had reported all the cash payments that the company

had received in 2023 on his 2023 income-tax returns. Those returns

indicate that the father reported that the metal-fabrication company had

a net loss of $21,397 in 2023. The father admitted that he had

represented on a loan application in December 2022 that the metal-

fabrication company's "annual sales" were $24,000, but, he said, that was

merely a projection of anticipated sales and that it had proved to be an

overestimate. He said that the company had never had a profit of

$24,000.

The father testified that he had provided the child's health

insurance, that the cost of that insurance was $320 per month, and that

he wanted to continue providing that insurance in the future. The father

said that he would like to pay the child's child-care expenses of $725 per

month. He testified that the amount of child-care costs that could be

considered for purposes of computing child support was capped at $611

5 CL-2024-0639

per month. The father introduced a Form CS-42 Child Support

Guidelines form, see Rule 32, Ala. R. Jud. Admin., indicating that $893

per month was the amount of child support that he would owe based on

the parties' 2023 incomes. On that form, he listed his gross monthly

income as $12,049 and the mother's gross monthly income as $5,442.

The mother introduced a Form CS-41 Child Support Obligation

Income Statement/Affidavit stating that her gross monthly income

during her last year of employment was $31.40 per hour, which,

according to her Form CS-41, equaled approximately $5,400 to $5,500 per

month. She testified that she had 12 years of experience as a paralegal;

that, when she was last employed, she earned gross income in the amount

of $5,442.25 per month; and that she was currently unemployed. She

testified that she wanted the juvenile court to divide the parties'

responsibility for paying the child's medical expenses that were not

covered by insurance in accordance with each party's proportionate share

of their combined gross income. In a colloquy during the trial, the juvenile

court, the parties' counsel, and the mother discussed the allocation of the

income-tax dependency exemption for the child. During that colloquy, the

father's counsel pointed out that the mother's counterclaim had

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requested that the juvenile court authorize each party to claim that

exemption in alternate years. The mother then stated to the juvenile

court that she wanted it to allocate the income-tax dependency exemption

for the child in accordance with Rule 32.

On August 1, 2024, the juvenile court entered a judgment

adjudicating the father the child's legal and biological father; awarding

the mother sole physical custody of the child; awarding the father

standard visitation; dividing the final decision-making authority

regarding the child's activities, education, and medical and dental care

between the parties; awarding the mother child support in the amount of

$893 per month; and authorizing each party to claim the child as a

dependent for income-tax purposes in alternating years. On August 9,

2024, the mother filed a Rule 59, Ala. R. Civ. P., motion for a new trial

and requested a hearing regarding that motion. As one of the grounds of

her Rule 59 motion, the mother contended that, by awarding her child

support in the amount of $893 per month and authorizing the father to

claim the child as his dependent for income-tax purposes every other

year, the juvenile court had deviated from the guidelines of Rule 32

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without complying with the requirement of Rule 32 that it explain why

such a deviation was justified.

On August 14, 2024, before the juvenile court had ruled on her

postjudgment motion, the mother filed a notice of appeal from the

juvenile court's judgment to the Madison Circuit Court ("the circuit

court"). Also on August 14, the mother filed a notice of appeal from the

juvenile court's judgment to this court. After the mother had filed her

notices of appeal on August 14, the juvenile court, later that same day

and without holding a hearing, entered an amended judgment that

stated, in pertinent part, that the child-support award of $893 was in

accordance with the Rule 32 guidelines because, the juvenile court said,

the father "[wa]s to be responsible for payment of childcare." The juvenile

court also entered an order on August 14 that found that there was an

audio recording of the trial that, when transcribed, would provide a

record that was adequate for appellate review and ordered a court

reporter to transcribe the recording. After the juvenile court had found

that transcription of the audio recording of the trial would provide a

record that was adequate for appellate review, the circuit court, on

August 14, transferred the mother's appeal to this court.

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Standard of Review

" 'Actions concerning child support, although guided by the

mandatory application of Rule 32[, Ala. R. Jud. Admin.], are still

committed to the sound discretion of the trial court, and its decision on

such matters will not be disturbed on appeal absent an abuse of

discretion.' " Preda v. Preda, 877 So. 2d 617, 621 (Ala. Civ. App. 2003)

(quoting Hamilton v. Hamilton, 647 So. 2d 756, 758 (Ala. Civ. App.

1994)).

Analysis

As a threshold matter, the mother contends that the filing of her

notices of appeal on August 14, 2024, deprived the juvenile court of

jurisdiction to enter the amended judgment later that same day.

However, Rule 4(a)(5), Ala. R. App. P., provides that a notice of appeal

filed after the entry of a judgment but before the disposition of all

postjudgment motions shall be held in abeyance until all postjudgment

motions are either timely ruled upon or denied by operation of law. See

K.M. v. S.R., 326 So. 3d 1062, 1063 (Ala. Civ. App. 2020). Therefore, the

filing of the mother's notices of appeal did not deprive the juvenile court

of jurisdiction before it entered the amended judgment.

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Turning to the substantive merits of the mother's appeal, we find

the dispositive issue to be whether the juvenile court's failure to hold a

hearing regarding the mother's postjudgment motion, despite her having

requested such a hearing, constituted reversible error. Denial of a Rule

59 motion without a hearing is reversible error if the movant requested

a hearing and there was probable merit to the motion. See Blackburn v.

Blackburn, 794 So. 2d 1197, 1198-99 (Ala. Civ. App. 2001).

In her postjudgment motion, the mother argued, among other

things, that the juvenile court erred by authorizing the father to claim

the income-tax dependency exemption for the child in alternate years

because, she said, that was a deviation from the Rule 32 guidelines and

the juvenile court did not explain why that deviation was justified. In

A.M.B. v. J.M.S., 12 So. 3d 1221, 1222 (Ala. Civ. App. 2009), this court

held that, under the Rule 32 guidelines, the custodial parent is ordinarily

the proper party to be allocated income-tax dependency exemptions for

the child or children in his or her custody, although a trial court has

discretion to deviate from the guidelines and to make a different

allocation if the trial court enters a written finding, supported by the

evidence, that the application of the guidelines would be unjust or

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inequitable. See Rule 32(A)(ii)(1)(e), Ala. R. Jud. Admin.; and Comment

to Amendments effective January 1, 2009 ("The schedule of basic child-

support obligations assumes that the custodial parent will take the

federal and state income-tax exemptions for the children in his or her

custody[.]").

In the present case, the juvenile court deviated from the Rule 32

guideline requiring that the income-tax dependency exemption be

allocated to the mother only, but it failed to make a written finding that

the application of that guideline in this instance would be unjust or

inequitable. The failure to make such a written finding likely constitutes

reversible error. See Hallum v. Hallum, 893 So. 2d 1192, 1196 (Ala. Civ.

App. 2004).

The father and DHR argue that any such error by the juvenile court

in this regard was invited by the mother's counterclaim, which requested

that the juvenile court authorize each party to claim the income-tax

dependency exemption for the child in alternating years. We conclude

that that doctrine, which provides that a party may not induce an error

by the trial court and then attempt to win a reversal based on that error,

see J.L. v. S.L, 244 So. 3d 120, 125 (Ala. Civ. App. 2017), has no

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application in this case. After she filed her counterclaim, the mother filed

an amended counterclaim, stricken at the father's behest, in which she

requested that the juvenile court authorize her to claim the income-tax

dependency exemption for the child every year. Later, during a colloquy

at trial regarding the allocation of the income-tax exemption for the child,

the mother stated on the record that she wanted the juvenile court to

allocate the income-tax dependency exemption for the child in accordance

with Rule 32. Thus, despite the request in the mother's original

counterclaim, the mother made it clear, through both her attempt to

amend her counterclaim and her statements in open court, that she

wanted the juvenile court to allocate that exemption in accordance with

Rule 32. As a result, we conclude that the mother did not induce the

juvenile court to potentially err by authorizing each party to claim the

exemption in alternate years without making a written finding that

applying the Rule 32 guideline would be unjust or inequitable.

Conclusion

Accordingly, we conclude that at least one of the grounds asserted

in the mother's postjudgment motion was probably meritorious and, as a

result, that the juvenile court committed reversible error by failing to

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hold a hearing on that motion. See Blackburn, 794 So. 2d at 1198-99

(reversing a trial court's judgment for its failure to hold a hearing on the

appellant's postjudgment motion when the trial court had deviated from

the Rule 32 guidelines without stating why application of the guidelines

would be unjust or inequitable).1 We therefore reverse the juvenile court's

amended judgment, and we remand the cause for the juvenile court to

hold a hearing on the mother's postjudgment motion. The father's request

for an attorney's fee on appeal is denied.

REVERSED AND REMANDED WITH INSTRUCTIONS.

All the judges concur.

1Having decided that the juvenile court erred by failing to hold a

hearing on the mother's postjudgment motion, we do not reach the mother's other arguments on appeal. 13