Saramiento v. Fresh Harvest, Inc.

Opinion

1 2 3 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 4 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 5 SAN JOSE DIVISION 6 7 RIGOBERTO SARMIENTO, et al., Case No. 20-cv-07974-BLF

8 Plaintiffs, ORDER GRANTING IN PART AND 9 v. DENYING IN PART PLAINTIFFS’ MOTION FOR PROTECTIVE ORDER 10 FRESH HARVEST, INC.,, et al., [Re: ECF No. 178] 11 Defendants.

12 13 Before the Court is Plaintiffs Rigoberto Sarmiento and Gustavo Luevano-Vaca’s 14 (collectively, “Plaintiffs”) motion for protective order to limit Defendants Fresh Harvest, Inc. and 15 SMD Logistics, Inc.’s (collectively, “Fresh Harvest”) communications with Plaintiffs and putative 16 class members in this pre-class certification wage and labor class action. Plaintiffs’ motion is based 17 on evidence of Fresh Harvest’s prior communications with putative class members and Plaintiffs, 18 including an incident on June 13, 2022 when Fresh Harvest allegedly sent a leader of a Mexican 19 vigilante group to Plaintiff Luevano-Vaca’s residence in Mexico. See Motion, ECF No. 178. Fresh 20 Harvest opposes. See Opposition, ECF No. 190. 21 Based on the below reasoning, the Court GRANTS IN PART and DENIES IN PART 22 Plaintiffs’ motion. 23 I. BACKGROUND 24 Since the parties already know the facts of the case, the Court will limit its recitation of the 25 procedural and factual background to a brief summary. 26 A. Procedural Background 27 This is a California wage and hour case brought on behalf of foreign national agricultural 1 domestic agricultural workers who are allegedly in “corresponding employment” with the H-2A 2 workers (“domestic workers”) under the H-2A regulations. The case was originally brought by a 3 single Plaintiff—Mr. Sarmiento—who is a domestic worker. See Complaint, ECF No. 1. Mr. 4 Luevano-Vaca—an H-2A worker—joined the case as a Plaintiff on June 11, 2021. See First 5 Amended Complaint (“FAC”), ECF No. 53. Before Mr. Luevano-Vaca joined the case, he signed 6 a release of claims against his prior employer Fresh Harvest. In its answer to the First Amended 7 Complaint, Fresh Harvest counterclaimed for breach of contract based on Mr. Luevano-Vaca’s suit 8 against Fresh Harvest in breach of the release he had previously signed while a putative class 9 member. See Fresh Harvest’s Answer, ECF No. 59. 10 Plaintiffs moved to dismiss Fresh Harvest’s counterclaim, arguing that the release Mr. 11 Luevano-Vaca signed was void under H-2A regulation 29 C.F.R. § 501.5, which prohibits waiver 12 of an H-2A worker’s rights outside of certain situations, including in “[a]greements in settlement of 13 private litigation.” See 29 C.F.R. § 501.5(b). On December 1, 2021, the Court granted Plaintiffs’ 14 motion, finding that since Mr. Luevano-Vaca was only a putative class member at the time he signed 15 the release of claims against Fresh Harvest, the agreement was not “in settlement of private 16 litigation” and was void as a matter of public policy under 29 C.F.R. § 501.5 as a waiver of Mr. 17 Luevano-Vaca’s rights under the H-2A regulations. See Order, ECF No. 147. 18 B. Factual Background 19 In this present motion, Plaintiffs submit evidence that on June 13, 2022, Mr. Luevano-Vaca 20 was visited at his residence in the state of Baja California, Mexico, by a leader of a Mexican vigilante 21 group1 who had flown from Mexico City to offer Mr. Luevano-Vaca $8,000 to settle his claims 22 against Fresh Harvest. See, e.g., Luevano-Vaca Decl., ECF No. 178-1 ¶¶ 3–8; Lopez Zazueta Decl., 23 ECF No. 178-2 ¶¶ 1–3. Plaintiffs submit evidence that the vigilante group leader put Mr. Luevano- 24 Vaca in touch with a lawyer who spoke further with Mr. Luevano-Vaca about settling his claims. 25 See Luevano-Vaca Decl., ECF No. 178-1 ¶¶ 9–12. Plaintiffs argue that the June 13, 2022 incident 26

27 1 The Court declines to specify the name of the Mexican vigilante leader, since the Court previously 1 is in line with Fresh Harvest’s prior conduct, which has included contacting putative class members 2 to sign releases—in violation of the Court’s December 1, 2021 order—that include provisions 3 preventing the putative class members from serving as witnesses in the present case. See, e.g., 4 ECF Nos. 144-4, 144-12, 144-17, 144-18. 5 In response, Fresh Harvest submits evidence that the person who visited Mr. Luevano- 6 Vaca’s residence was a legal assistant—not a vigilante group leader—and he was sent by a Mexican 7 attorney named Eduardo Baltazar to discuss a potential truck driving job for Harvest Tek de Mexico 8 (“Harvest Tek”)—an affiliate of Fresh Harvest. See Baltazar Decl., ECF No. 184-1 ¶¶ 2–8; Bernal 9 Decl., ECF No. 184-1 ¶¶ 2–7. As to the releases Fresh Harvest has collected from putative class 10 members, Fresh Harvest argues that the only releases Plaintiffs can point to were collected before 11 the Court issued its December 1, 2021 order finding that such releases are void as a matter of public 12 policy. See Opposition, ECF No. 190 at 12. 13 Based on the evidence of Fresh Harvest’s contact with Plaintiffs and putative class members, 14 Plaintiffs seek a protective order (1) prohibiting Fresh Harvest and its agents from communicating 15 with Plaintiffs other than through counsel of record; (2) prohibiting Fresh Harvest and its agents 16 from communicating with putative class members about waivers or releases of claims; and 17 (3) prohibiting Fresh Harvest and its agents from communicating with putative class members about 18 this litigation. See Proposed Order, ECF No. 191-2. Fresh Harvest opposes, arguing that any such 19 protective order is unnecessary based on the evidence. See Opposition, ECF No. 184-2. 20 II. LEGAL STANDARD 21 Federal courts have inherent powers to manage their own proceedings and to control the 22 conduct of those who appear before them. Erickson v. Newmar Corp., 87 F.3d 298, 303 (9th Cir. 23 1996) (citing Chambers v. NASCO, Inc., 501 U.S. 32, 43 (1991)). Further, under Rule 23, courts 24 may issue orders in class actions that “impose conditions on the representative parties or on 25 intervenors” or “deal with similar procedural matters.” See Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(d). 26 Because of the potential for abuse in a class action, “a district court has both the duty and 27 the broad authority to exercise control over a class action and to enter appropriate orders governing 1 order limiting class communications involves “serious restraints on expression” under the First 2 Amendment, courts should use “caution . . . in drafting such an order” and consider “whether the 3 restraint is justified by a likelihood of serious abuses.” See id. at 104. “Because of these potential 4 problems, an order limiting communications between parties and potential class members should be 5 based on a clear record and specific findings that reflect a weighing of the need for a limitation and 6 the potential interference with the rights of the parties. . . . In addition, such a weighing—identifying 7 the potential abuses being addressed—should result in a carefully drawn order that limits speech as 8 little as possible, consistent with the rights of the parties under the circumstances.” See id. 9 at 101–102. 10 III. DISCUSSION 11 Plaintiffs seek limits on Fresh Harvest’s communications with (1) Plaintiffs and (2) putative 12 class members. The Court considers each issue in turn. 13 A. Communications with Plaintiffs 14 Plaintiffs argue that the Court should prohibit communications between Fresh Harvest and 15 Plaintiffs, because such communications violate California Rule of Professional Responsibility 4.2, 16 which limits ex parte communications with represented parties. See Motion, ECF No. 178 at 6–7. 17 Plaintiffs further argue that such a prohibition is particularly necessary given Fresh Harvest’s use of 18 coercive conduct, including sending a vigilante leader to Mr. Luevano-Vaca’s house. See id. at 7. 19 Additionally, Plaintiffs argue that regardless of the identity of the agent sent to Mr. Luevano-Vaca’s 20 house, a protective order prohibiting ex parte communications is necessary, since the evidence 21 shows that the agent visited Mr. Luevano-Vaca’s home—unannounced, uninvited, and to the dismay 22 of Mr. Luevano-Vaca and his wife—to discuss the present lawsuit and a monetary settlement. See 23 Reply, ECF No. 191 at 3–4 (citing, e.g., Morton Reply Decl., ECF No. 191-1, Ex. D at 1, 5). 24 In response, Fresh Harvest argues that Plaintiffs’ account of the events of June 13, 2022 is 25 false, because the evidence indicates that Mr. Luevano-Vaca was not visited by a vigilante leader. 26 See Opposition, ECF No. 190 at 9–10. Further, Fresh Harvest argues that Mr. Baltazar did not 27 violate any ethical rules because the evidence indicates that he contacted Mr. Luevano-Vaca merely 1 the scope of the representation relevant under California Rule of Professional Responsibility 4.2. 2 See id. at 10–11. 3 The Court agrees with Plaintiffs. The Court declines to determine whether the Harvest Tek 4 “agent” was a vigilante leader, but regardless of the identity of the agent sent to Mr. Luevano-Vaca’s 5 house, the undisputed evidence indicates that an agent of a lawyer for a Fresh Harvest affiliate 6 showed up at Mr. Luevano-Vaca’s house uninvited and without advance notice. Further, Fresh 7 Harvest’s innocent explanation for the incident defies belief: it is implausible that Harvest Tek 8 would have had a lawyer send an agent on a 3.5-hour flight to offer Mr. Luevano-Vaca a truck driver 9 job, and the evidence suggests that Mr. Baltazar and Mr. Luevano-Vaca discussed the present 10 lawsuit. See, e.g., Morton Reply Decl., ECF No. 191-1, Ex. D at 1, 5. The Court finds that such 11 ex parte communication between Fresh Harvest (and affiliates) and Plaintiffs is improper, so a 12 protective order prohibiting such communication is appropriate. See, e.g., Cal. R. Prof. Resp. 4.2; 13 Altamirano-Santiago v. Better Produce, Inc., No. 19-cv-3964 DDP (FFMx), 2020 WL 5412123, 14 at *4 (C.D. Cal. Sep. 8, 2020). 15 Accordingly, the Court hereby GRANTS Plaintiffs’ motion as to the relief sought regarding 16 communications between Fresh Harvest and Plaintiffs. Any future communication with named 17 Plaintiffs SHALL be through counsel. 18 B. Communications with Putative Class Members 19 Plaintiffs further argue that the Court should limit communications between Fresh Harvest 20 and putative class members regarding this litigation and settlement of their claims, because such 21 communications violate the Court’s December 1, 2021 order finding Mr. Luevano-Vaca’s release 22 of claims against Fresh Harvest void under 29 C.F.R. § 501.5. See Motion, ECF No. 178 at 7–8 23 (“Even attempting to obtain releases is unlawful.”). Further, Plaintiffs argue that courts have 24 “roundly condemned” solicitation of putative class members to prevent them from participating in 25 litigation. See id. at 8. Plaintiffs argue that Fresh Harvest’s conduct is particularly egregious given 26 that the releases they have signed with putative class members have precluded the putative class 27 members from “assist[ing] any other person in any action at law” regarding claims arising out of 1 additionally argue that even if they cannot point to releases that Fresh Harvest has solicited putative 2 class members to sign since the Court’s December 1, 2021 order, Fresh Harvest also declines to 3 swear that they have not sought such releases since that order was issued. See Reply, ECF No. 191 4 at 45. At the August 11, 2022 hearing, Plaintiffs clarified that any order should apply to both H-2A 5 worker and domestic worker putative class members. Plaintiffs argued that domestic worker 6 putative class members are in “corresponding employment” with H-2A workers under the H-2A 7 regulations and therefore any release of domestic worker claims is governed by 29 C.F.R. § 501.5 8 just like any release of H-2A worker claims. 9 In response, Fresh Harvest argues that any order precluding Fresh Harvest from obtaining 10 putative class member declarations would hamstring Fresh Harvest’s efforts to oppose class 11 certification. See Opposition, ECF No. 190 at 12. Further, Fresh Harvest argues that Plaintiffs 12 exaggerate the impact of the Court’s holding in its December 1, 2021 order, since that only pertained 13 to the facts regarding Mr. Luevano-Vaca’s release of claims. See id. at 12–13. Additionally, at the 14 August 11, 2022 hearing, Fresh Harvest argued that any protective order should apply only to H-2A 15 workers, since the Court’s December 1, 2021 order was premised on the H-2A regulations. 16 The Court agrees with Plaintiffs in part. Based on the Court’s December 1, 2021 order, 17 Fresh Harvest and its agents have no reason to communicate with H-2A worker putative class 18 members about releases or waivers of claims against Fresh Harvest. The Court’s December 1, 2021 19 order held that any such release is void under applicable H-2A regulations as a matter of public 20 policy. See Order, ECF No. 147. Accordingly, the Court has no trouble finding that such a 21 restriction on Fresh Harvest’s communications with putative class members is justified. 22 Fresh Harvest also seeks a protective order prohibiting Fresh Harvest and its agents from 23 “communicat[ing] with putative class members about the subject matter of this litigation or the 24 claims asserted therein.” See Proposed Protective Order, ECF No. 191-2 at 2. The Court finds that 25 such a limitation on communications between Fresh Harvest and H-2A worker putative class 26 members is—in part—justified in the interest of protecting putative class members from undue 27 solicitation. See Guifu Li v. A Perfect Day Franchise, Inc., 270 F.R.D. 509, 517 (N.D. Cal. 2010) 1 outs, or even simply discouraging participation in a case, undermine the purposes of Rule 23 and 2 require curative action by the court.”); Wright v. Adventures Rolling Cross Country, Inc., No. C– 3 12–0982 EMC, 2012 WL 2239797, at *5 (N.D. Cal. June 15, 2012). Fresh Harvest argues that such 4 a limitation on communications with putative class members would hamper its efforts to oppose 5 class certification. See Opposition, ECF No. 190 at 12. But a protective order can be tailored to to 6 address Fresh Harvest’s concerns. Accordingly, any limitation on Fresh Harvest’s communications 7 with H-2A putative class members does not limit Fresh Harvest’s ability to communicate with H- 8 2A putative class members to obtain affidavits or other evidence in connection with class 9 certification. Further, any limitation on Fresh Harvest’s communications with H-2A putative class 10 members is with respect to the above-captioned case only—Fresh Harvest can continue to 11 communicate with putative class members about current or future employment matters, for instance. 12 The Court disagrees with Plaintiffs as to domestic worker putative class members. The 13 Court’s December 1, 2021 order only pertained to releases of rights by H-2A workers. See Order, 14 ECF No. 147. The Court has not ruled whether releases of rights by domestic workers in 15 “corresponding employment” with H-2A workers are void under 29 C.F.R. § 501.5—or, for that 16 matter, whether domestic worker putative class members are in “corresponding employment” with 17 H-2A workers under the H-2A regulations. Accordingly, any protective order prohibiting Fresh 18 Harvest’s communications with domestic worker putative class members would be overbroad at this 19 stage. See Camp v. Alexander, 300 F.R.D. 617, 621 (N.D. Cal 2014) (considering “the precision 20 with which the order is drawn” in determining whether a protective order limiting communication 21 with putative class members is appropriate). 22 Based on the above reasoning, the Court GRANTS Plaintiffs’ motion to the extent it seeks 23 to prohibit communications between Fresh Harvest and H-2A worker putative class members 24 regarding any settlement of their claims in this case. However, the Court DENIES Plaintiffs’ motion 25 to the extent it seeks to prohibit Fresh Harvest from communicating with H-2A worker putative 26 class members to obtain affidavits or other evidence regarding class certification. Further, the Court 27 DENIES Plaintiffs’ motion to the extent it seeks to prohibit communications between Fresh Harvest IV. ORDER For the foregoing reasons, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that: 1. Plaintiffs’ motion for a protective order prohibiting ex parte communications ° between Fresh Harvest (and its agents, including affiliates) and Plaintiffs is GRANTED; ° 2. Plaintiffs’ motion for a protective order prohibiting communications between Fresh ° Harvest (and its agents, including affiliates) and H-2A worker putative class ’ members regarding settlement of putative class members’ claims in this case is ° GRANTED, provided that any such protective order allows Fresh Harvest to ° communicate with H-2A worker putative class members to obtain affidavits or other 0 evidence in connection with class certification, or to discuss current or future " employment matters; E 3. Plaintiffs’ motion for a protective order prohibiting communications between Fresh Harvest and domestic worker putative class members is DENIED WITHOUT S PREJUDICE to moving for such a protective order at some later date following a relevant Court ruling as to the validity of releases of domestic worker putative class members’ claims; and 17 4. The Court directed the parties at the August 11, 2022 hearing to meet and confer 18 regarding the contents of a protective order consistent with the Court’s comments during the hearing and file a proposed order with the Court on or before August 18, * 2022 unless the parties stipulate to a continuance of that deadline. The Court awaits the parties’ proposed order. The only objections to any proposed order that the Court will entertain will be as to whether the proposed order is consistent with this Order.

24 Dated: August 22, 2022 fem Llu henner) 26 BETH LABSON FREEMAN 57 United States District Judge 28