Santo v. Santo

497 N.E.2d 492, 146 Ill. App. 3d 774, 100 Ill. Dec. 514, 1986 Ill. App. LEXIS 2695
CourtAppellate Court of Illinois
DecidedAugust 22, 1986
Docket85-1901
StatusPublished
Cited by6 cases

This text of 497 N.E.2d 492 (Santo v. Santo) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Appellate Court of Illinois primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Santo v. Santo, 497 N.E.2d 492, 146 Ill. App. 3d 774, 100 Ill. Dec. 514, 1986 Ill. App. LEXIS 2695 (Ill. Ct. App. 1986).

Opinion

JUSTICE MURRAY

delivered the opinion of the court:

Defendants Mildred and Cynthia Santo, co-executors of the estate of Sam Santo, deceased, appeal from an order of the circuit court of Cook County granting specific performance of a buy-sell agreement between decedent and his brother, plaintiff Michael Santo. Defendants contend that the agreement was too ambiguous, vague and incomplete to be specifically enforced or, alternatively, that if it is to be enforced, it must be enforced as written and not as allegedly rewritten by the trial court, which supplied terms not contained in the agreement. For the reasons set forth below, we affirm in part, reverse in part and remand.

The undisputed facts disclose that plaintiff and decedent operated a business known as Printwear and each owned a 50% beneficial interest in a land trust pursuant to an agreement entered into by them in June 1973. Two parcels of property were listed in the agreement. One parcel was sold pripr to Sam Santo’s death and is not at issue here. The other parcel, which is the subject of this appeal, is located at 5400-5450 West 54th Street in Chicago. Under the agreement’s terms, the death of one of the brothers entitles the survivor to purchase “the entire beneficial interest” of the other at the “original cost plus the cost of all improvements” or $332,393, as reflected in an exhibit attached to the agreement. In April 1980, the purchase price was updated and listed as $342,125.

In 1982, the brothers began to negotiate a new contract to replace the 1973 agreement. Pursuant to a draft drawn up in May 1982, the terms of the new contract were to remain the same as those contained in the 1973 agreement with the exception of a new term to determine the purchase price of the trust property based on current appraisals of the property. Neither this draft, nor the 1973 agreement, made any provision pertaining to a mortgage indebtedness on the property. Prior to the parties reaching an agreement on the proposed contract, Sam Santo died.

Thereafter, plaintiff Michael Santo and decedent’s widow and co-executor of his estate, defendant Mildred Santo, attempted to reach an agreement in furtherance of plaintiff’s purchase of Sam Santo’s beneficial interest in the property pursuant to the survival clause contained in both the 1973 agreement and the proposed 1982 contract. As a result of a failure to do so, plaintiff filed suit against defendants seeking specific performance of the 1973 agreement. In response, defendants filed a motion to strike the complaint and dismiss the action on the ground that the agreement was too ambiguous, vague and uncertain to be specifically enforced. The motion was denied, and the case was heard on the merits.

At trial, plaintiff introduced parol evidence, over defendants’ objection, to the effect that the parties intended that any mortgage indebtedness on the property be deducted from the purchase price to be paid by the survivor, since neither wanted to make a profit from the other in connection with the terms of their agreement. Specifically, plaintiff’s witness, the brothers’ business attorney, testified that they had agreed that in the event of the death of one of them the decedent’s estate was to receive an amount equal to the decedent’s out-of-pocket costs which were to be computed by deduction of any mortgage loans from the purchase price equal to book value, with the total out-of-pocket costs divided in half since each brother owned a 50% beneficial interest in the land trust.

The trial court subsequently entered an order granting specific performance of the agreement and calculated the purchase price by deducting the balance of the mortgage of $173,469 from the 1980 valuation of $342,125 and dividing the balance of $168,656 by two, arriving at the sum of $84,328 to be paid by plaintiff to defendants for decedent’s 50% beneficial interest in the land trust. This appeal followed.

Defendants first contend that the 1973 agreement is too ambiguous, vague and incomplete to be specifically enforced; the description of the property and the purchase price are ambiguous, and the absence of a provision concerning the mortgage on the property renders the agreement incomplete. Alternatively, defendants argue that if the agreement is enforceable, it should be enforced as written and not as allegedly rewritten by the trial court, which supplied terms not included by the parties. On the other hand, plaintiff contends that although the agreement contains ambiguous terms, those terms were properly clarified by parol evidence and, accordingly, the agreement is specifically enforceable.

To be specifically enforceable, a contract for the sale of land must contain in writing essential contract terms such as the names of the vendor and vendee, a description of the property sufficient to identify it, the price, the terms and conditions of the sale and the signatures of the parties. (Hanlon v. Hayes (1949), 404 Ill. 362, 89 N.E.2d 51; Inland Real Estate Corp. v. Christoph (1981), 107 Ill. App. 3d 183, 437 N.E.2d 658.) The contract’s terms must be so certain and unambiguous in all its parts that a court can require the specific thing contracted for to be done. (Hux v. Raben (1966), 74 Ill. App. 2d 214, 219 N.E.2d 770, aff’d (1967), 38 Ill. 2d 223, 230 N.E.2d 831.) Where the terms or provisions of a contract are ambiguous or where the writings are capable of more than one construction, parol evidence is admissible to explain or ascertain what the parties intended. (Borg-Warner Corp. v. Anchor Co. (1958), 16 Ill. 2d 234, 156 N.E.2d 513; Chicago Investment Corp. v. Dolins (1981), 93 Ill. App. 3d 971, 418 N.E.2d 59.) On the other hand, parol evidence may not be used to supply a missing term. (Kendall v. Kendall (1978), 71 Ill. 2d 374, 375 N.E.2d 1280.) Additionally, a court will not make a new contract for the parties; the contract must be enforced according to its terms or not at all. Lencioni v. Brill (1977), 50 Ill. App. 3d 802, 365 N.E.2d 1169.

In the instant case, defendants contend that the agreement’s provision that the estate of the decedent shall sell “the entire beneficial interest” of decedent in the property to the survivor, pursuant to subparagraph (1) of the agreement, ambiguously describes the property because decedent’s estate could not convey the entire (100%) beneficial interest since the estate held only 50% of it. Our review of the four corners of the agreement indicates no ambiguity concerning the term. The term in subparagraph (1) is preceded by language describing “the entire beneficial interest” as the interest of the deceased party in the property. The entire beneficial interest of the deceased party is in turn indicated by the initial language of the agreement that the parties “each own a fifty (50%) percent beneficial interest” in the property.

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Bluebook (online)
497 N.E.2d 492, 146 Ill. App. 3d 774, 100 Ill. Dec. 514, 1986 Ill. App. LEXIS 2695, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/santo-v-santo-illappct-1986.