Santini v. Robinson

68 A.D.3d 745, 891 N.Y.2d 100
CourtAppellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York
DecidedDecember 1, 2009
StatusPublished
Cited by5 cases

This text of 68 A.D.3d 745 (Santini v. Robinson) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Santini v. Robinson, 68 A.D.3d 745, 891 N.Y.2d 100 (N.Y. Ct. App. 2009).

Opinion

[746]*746In an action to set aside the financial provisions of the parties’ stipulation of settlement dated January 9, 1992, which was incorporated but not merged into a judgment of divorce, the defendant appeals from a judgment of the Supreme Court, Nassau County (Spinola, J.), entered March 29, 2007, which, inter alia, after a nonjury trial, set aside the provisions of the stipulation of settlement (1) awarding her 100% of the plaintiffs deferred compensation benefits, (2) directing the plaintiff to pay her interest at an annual rate of 9% on a $19,000 promissory note, (3) awarding her 100% of the parties’ individual retirement accounts, (4) awarding her exclusive possession of the marital home, (5) directing the plaintiff to pay 100% of the college ex[747]*747penses for the parties’ three children, and (6) directing the plaintiff to pay her lifetime maintenance.

Ordered that the judgment is modified, on the law, (1) by deleting (a) the second decretal paragraph thereof setting aside the entire stipulation of settlement dated January 9, 1992, (b) the third decretal paragraph thereof setting aside articles 3 and 4 of the stipulation and the promissory notes executed by the plaintiff in conjunction therewith, (c) the fourth decretal paragraph thereof directing the defendant to disgorge one half of the plaintiffs deferred compensation benefits, (d) the sixth decretal paragraph thereof awarding the plaintiff the sum of $6,402.21 from the plaintiff’s IRA accounts, (e) the seventh decretal paragraph thereof awarding the plaintiff a sum equal to one half of the equity in the marital residence minus the sum of $24,000, (f) the eighth .decretal paragraph thereof setting aside article 6, paragraph C of the stipulation relating to college expenses, (g) the tenth decretal paragraph thereof awarding the plaintiff the sum of $33,488, and (h) the eleventh decretal paragraph thereof valuing the marital portion of the plaintiffs pension at $106,957.98, (2) by deleting from the fifth decretal paragraph thereof the words “is awarded a judgment against the Defendant, Donna Robinson, in a sum equal to any ‘unused sick time funds’ paid to the Defendant” and substituting therefor the words “shall not be liable for any sum,” and (3) by deleting from the ninth decretal paragraph thereof the words “paragraphs A, B, and C” and substituting therefor the words “paragraph B,” and by deleting the word “forthwith” and substituting the words “as of June 7, 2006”; as so modified, the judgment is affirmed, without costs or disbursements.

The parties to the underlying matrimonial action were married on February 19, 1973 and have three children. The principal assets acquired by the parties during their marriage included their approximately $100,000 equity interest in the marital residence, their individual retirement account (hereinafter IRA) and joint bank accounts, the plaintiffs deferred compensation plan, and his future retirement pension, valued at more than $242,000.

The plaintiff left the marital residence in July 1991 after more than 18 years of marriage. In November 1991 the defendant commenced the underlying action, inter aha, for a divorce. The parties entered into a separation agreement entitled a “stipulation of settlement,” dated January 9, 1992. The defendant was represented by an attorney in connection with the negotiation of the separation agreement, while the plaintiff represented himself. At that time, the plaintiff was 42 years old and [748]*748employed by the Nassau County Sheriffs Department, while the defendant was 41 years old, unemployed, and legally blind, albeit able to work part-time and receiving Social Security disability benefits.

The parties visited the defendant’s attorney twice in connection with the separation agreement, and the attorney advised the plaintiff repeatedly, both in writing and orally, that he should retain separate counsel. The plaintiff testified that he voluntarily signed the agreement on January 9, 1992, although he contended that he merely “scanned” the agreement and had not understood the provisions that he read. It is undisputed, however, that the agreement prepared by counsel contained the general terms previously agreed upon between the parties during their own private negotiations.

In relevant part, the separation agreement provided that the marital residence subject to the mortgage, the IRAs and joint bank accounts, and the plaintiffs deferred compensation plan in the form of promissory notes would be distributed to the defendant and-that she would receive child support and lifetime maintenance even upon remarriage. Further, the agreement provided that the maintenance payment would be increased by a percentage each time one of the children was emancipated and by an additional 4% per annum. For his part, the plaintiff retained his pension, his automobile, some bank accounts, and certain furniture. The agreement was subsequently incorporated, but not merged, into the judgment of divorce dated April 17, 1992.

In 1998 the defendant remarried. On March 24, 2000 the plaintiff commenced this action to set aside the separation agreement as unfair, inequitable, and unconscionable. The defendant moved for summary judgment dismissing the complaint, which motion was granted. By decision and order dated June 2, 2003, this Court reversed the order granting the defendant’s motion for summary judgment dismissing the complaint, reinstated the complaint, ■ and directed a hearing on the issues of unconscionability and ratification (see Santini v Robinson, 306 AD2d 266 [2003]).

Following that hearing, the Supreme Court, inter alia, (1) set aside the provisions of the parties’ separation agreement awarding the defendant 100% of the plaintiffs deferred compensation and the parties’ IRAs, (2) terminated the defendant’s exclusive possession of the marital home, (3) limited the plaintiffs obligation for college expenses of the parties’ three children to $15,000 per year, (4) terminated the defendant’s lifetime maintenance as of the date of her 1998 remarriage, (5) awarded a money [749]*749judgment to the defendant for all interest payable on a $19,000 promissory note dated January 9, 1992, and (6) awarded a credit of $33,488 to the plaintiff for his maintenance payments after the defendant’s remarriage. The defendant appeals, and we modify.

“A stipulation of settlement should be closely scrutinized and may be set aside upon a showing that it is unconscionable or the result of fraud, or where it is shown to be manifestly unjust because of the other spouse’s overreaching” (Cruciata v Cruciata, 10 AD3d 349, 350 [2004]; see Christian v Christian, 42 NY2d 63, 72-73 [1977]; Santini v Robinson, 306 AD2d 266 [2003]; Gilbert v Gilbert, 291 AD2d 479 [2002]). Although stipulations of settlement are favored by the courts and will not be lightly set aside (see Curtis v Curtis, 20 AD3d 653, 654 [2005]; Kavanagh v Kavanagh, 2 AD3d 688, 688-689 [2003]; Gilbert v Gilbert, 291 AD2d 479, 480 [2002]; Domestic Relations Law § 236 [B] [3]), “ ‘courts have thrown their cloak of protection about separation agreements and made it their business, when confronted, to see to it that they are arrived at fairly and equitably, in a manner so as to be free from the taint of fraud and duress, and to set aside or refuse to enforce those born of and subsisting in inequity’ ” (Kessler v Kessler, 33 AD3d 42, 46 [2006], quoting Christian v Christian, 42 NY2d at 72; see Curtis v Curtis, 20 AD3d at 654).

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Bluebook (online)
68 A.D.3d 745, 891 N.Y.2d 100, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/santini-v-robinson-nyappdiv-2009.