COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Elder, McClanahan and Senior Judge Bumgardner Argued at Salem, Virginia
SANDRA LEE MATSINGER ROBERTS MEMORANDUM OPINION* BY v. Record No. 2179-05-3 JUDGE LARRY G. ELDER MAY 30, 2006 GARY KEITH ROBERTS
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF ROANOKE Jonathan M. Apgar, Judge
Charles R. Allen, Jr., for appellant.
Arthur P. Strickland for appellee.
Sandra Lee Matsinger Roberts (wife) appeals from a final decree of divorce dissolving
her marriage to Gary Keith Roberts (husband). On appeal, wife contends the trial court erred in
ruling that she was not entitled to a reservation of spousal support and in failing to make findings
to support that ruling. She also challenges the court’s equitable distribution of a particular credit
card debt and the court’s award of the marital residence to husband, arguing the court failed to
indicate it considered the requisite statutory factors in doing so. Husband contends wife’s failure
to file a transcript or statement of facts detailing the proceedings in the trial court in a timely
fashion prevents us from considering these issues on appeal and, in the alternative, that wife’s
assignments of error lack merit. We hold appellant’s filing of the transcript was untimely and
that we may not consider the transcript on appeal. Further, from the evidence in the trial record
properly before us on appeal, we hold the trial court committed no reversible error. Thus, we
affirm.
* Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. I.
A. TIMELINESS OF TRANSCRIPT
Rule 5A:8 provides in relevant part as follows:
(a) Transcript. The transcript of any proceeding is a part of the record when it is filed in the office of the clerk of the trial court within 60 days after entry of the final judgment. Upon a written motion filed within 60 days after entry of the final judgment, a judge of the Court of Appeals may extend this time for good cause shown.
(b) * * * * * * *
When the appellant fails to ensure that the record contains transcripts or a written statement of facts necessary to permit resolution of appellate issues, any assignments of error affected by such omission shall not be considered.
If a transcript or statement of facts is indispensable to the determination of the entire appeal, the
absence of the transcript or statement of facts from the record is a jurisdictional defect that
requires dismissal of the appeal. See, e.g., Goodpasture v. Goodpasture, 7 Va. App. 55, 57, 371
S.E.2d 845, 846 (1988). However, the absence of a timely filed transcript or statement of facts
does not deprive this Court of jurisdiction over an appeal if issues remain that may be decided
without reference to a transcript or statement of facts. Id.
Here, the record confirms that appellant’s filing of the transcript was untimely. On
August 9, 2005, the trial court entered the final decree of divorce containing the rulings to which
appellant objects on appeal. Appellant’s notice of appeal cited the August 9, 2005 order as the
order appealed from. Although the trial court issued two subsequent orders on ministerial
aspects of the property distribution in September and October of 2005, appellant never noted an
appeal of either of those orders. In fact, part of the basis for wife’s objection to those two orders
in the trial court was that the case was on appeal. Thus, for purposes of appeal, the date for the
filing of the trial transcript was to be calculated from August 9, 2005, making it due on October
-2- 10, 2005. Because the transcript was not filed until October 18, 2005, and because appellant
failed to request an extension of time for filing prior to October 10, 2005, the transcript was not
timely and may not be considered in this appeal.
B. MERITS OF WIFE’S CLAIMS IN ABSENCE OF TRANSCRIPT
1. Spousal Support
Wife contends the trial court erred in ruling she was not entitled to a reservation of
spousal support both because the record contained insufficient evidence to support the denial and
because the court failed to make the requisite findings to accompany the denial.
Based on the absence of a transcript, we may not consider whether the record contained
sufficient evidence to support the court’s ruling that wife was not entitled to a reservation of
support. Wife conceded this fact in her response of December 5, 2005, to this Court’s order to
show cause.
Wife nevertheless argues the record is sufficient to permit us to conclude the trial court
erred by failing to “enumerate any findings concerning the factors set forth in [Code
§] 20-107.1(E) . . . and/or make any reference to these factors.” We disagree.
Code § 20-107.1(F) provides in relevant part that, “[i]n contested cases in the circuit
courts, any order granting, reserving or denying a request for spousal support shall be
accompanied by written findings and conclusions of the court identifying the factors in
subsection E which support the court’s order.” Thus, wife was entitled to a written explanation
for the trial court’s denial of her request for a reservation of spousal support. We conclude,
however, that wife failed to preserve for appeal her objection to that failure.
In endorsing the trial court’s order, wife objected to the court’s substantive ruling that she
was not entitled to a reservation of spousal support, an issue barred by the lack of a transcript as
held above. Wife did not contend that the trial court failed to comply with the provision of Code
-3- § 20-107.1(F) requiring the court to make written findings and conclusions identifying the
factors in Code § 20-107.1(E) supporting the court’s order. Had she done so, the trial court
would have had the opportunity to flesh out its explanation in order to avoid a remand. See, e.g.,
Campbell v. Commonwealth, 12 Va. App. 476, 480, 405 S.E.2d 1, 2 (1991) (en banc) (holding
that purpose of Rule 5A:18 requiring contemporaneous objection is “to avoid unnecessary
appeals, reversals and mistrials by allowing the trial judge to intelligently consider an issue and,
if necessary, to take corrective action”); see also Lee v. Lee, 12 Va. App. 512, 514, 404 S.E.2d
736, 737 (1991) (en banc). Thus, we hold wife waived her right to a more detailed explanation
of the basis for the court’s ruling. See Torian v. Torian, 38 Va. App. 167, 186-87, 562 S.E.2d
355, 364-65 (2002) (under “written findings” requirement of Code § 20-107.1(F), quoted above,
and additional sentence permitting award of spousal support for defined duration if written
findings “identify the basis for the nature, amount and duration of the award,” holding general
objection to entry of award for defined duration did not preserve for appeal later objection that
written explanation was insufficient). Compare Herring v. Herring, 33 Va. App. 281, 287-89,
532 S.E.2d 923, 927 (2000) (holding non-waivable the statutory requirement that court making
child support award deviating from guidelines amount must first calculate amount of support
under guidelines and state reason for deviation because, inter alia, failure to explain numerical
calculation and reason for deviation would provide insufficient information for court considering
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COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Elder, McClanahan and Senior Judge Bumgardner Argued at Salem, Virginia
SANDRA LEE MATSINGER ROBERTS MEMORANDUM OPINION* BY v. Record No. 2179-05-3 JUDGE LARRY G. ELDER MAY 30, 2006 GARY KEITH ROBERTS
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF ROANOKE Jonathan M. Apgar, Judge
Charles R. Allen, Jr., for appellant.
Arthur P. Strickland for appellee.
Sandra Lee Matsinger Roberts (wife) appeals from a final decree of divorce dissolving
her marriage to Gary Keith Roberts (husband). On appeal, wife contends the trial court erred in
ruling that she was not entitled to a reservation of spousal support and in failing to make findings
to support that ruling. She also challenges the court’s equitable distribution of a particular credit
card debt and the court’s award of the marital residence to husband, arguing the court failed to
indicate it considered the requisite statutory factors in doing so. Husband contends wife’s failure
to file a transcript or statement of facts detailing the proceedings in the trial court in a timely
fashion prevents us from considering these issues on appeal and, in the alternative, that wife’s
assignments of error lack merit. We hold appellant’s filing of the transcript was untimely and
that we may not consider the transcript on appeal. Further, from the evidence in the trial record
properly before us on appeal, we hold the trial court committed no reversible error. Thus, we
affirm.
* Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. I.
A. TIMELINESS OF TRANSCRIPT
Rule 5A:8 provides in relevant part as follows:
(a) Transcript. The transcript of any proceeding is a part of the record when it is filed in the office of the clerk of the trial court within 60 days after entry of the final judgment. Upon a written motion filed within 60 days after entry of the final judgment, a judge of the Court of Appeals may extend this time for good cause shown.
(b) * * * * * * *
When the appellant fails to ensure that the record contains transcripts or a written statement of facts necessary to permit resolution of appellate issues, any assignments of error affected by such omission shall not be considered.
If a transcript or statement of facts is indispensable to the determination of the entire appeal, the
absence of the transcript or statement of facts from the record is a jurisdictional defect that
requires dismissal of the appeal. See, e.g., Goodpasture v. Goodpasture, 7 Va. App. 55, 57, 371
S.E.2d 845, 846 (1988). However, the absence of a timely filed transcript or statement of facts
does not deprive this Court of jurisdiction over an appeal if issues remain that may be decided
without reference to a transcript or statement of facts. Id.
Here, the record confirms that appellant’s filing of the transcript was untimely. On
August 9, 2005, the trial court entered the final decree of divorce containing the rulings to which
appellant objects on appeal. Appellant’s notice of appeal cited the August 9, 2005 order as the
order appealed from. Although the trial court issued two subsequent orders on ministerial
aspects of the property distribution in September and October of 2005, appellant never noted an
appeal of either of those orders. In fact, part of the basis for wife’s objection to those two orders
in the trial court was that the case was on appeal. Thus, for purposes of appeal, the date for the
filing of the trial transcript was to be calculated from August 9, 2005, making it due on October
-2- 10, 2005. Because the transcript was not filed until October 18, 2005, and because appellant
failed to request an extension of time for filing prior to October 10, 2005, the transcript was not
timely and may not be considered in this appeal.
B. MERITS OF WIFE’S CLAIMS IN ABSENCE OF TRANSCRIPT
1. Spousal Support
Wife contends the trial court erred in ruling she was not entitled to a reservation of
spousal support both because the record contained insufficient evidence to support the denial and
because the court failed to make the requisite findings to accompany the denial.
Based on the absence of a transcript, we may not consider whether the record contained
sufficient evidence to support the court’s ruling that wife was not entitled to a reservation of
support. Wife conceded this fact in her response of December 5, 2005, to this Court’s order to
show cause.
Wife nevertheless argues the record is sufficient to permit us to conclude the trial court
erred by failing to “enumerate any findings concerning the factors set forth in [Code
§] 20-107.1(E) . . . and/or make any reference to these factors.” We disagree.
Code § 20-107.1(F) provides in relevant part that, “[i]n contested cases in the circuit
courts, any order granting, reserving or denying a request for spousal support shall be
accompanied by written findings and conclusions of the court identifying the factors in
subsection E which support the court’s order.” Thus, wife was entitled to a written explanation
for the trial court’s denial of her request for a reservation of spousal support. We conclude,
however, that wife failed to preserve for appeal her objection to that failure.
In endorsing the trial court’s order, wife objected to the court’s substantive ruling that she
was not entitled to a reservation of spousal support, an issue barred by the lack of a transcript as
held above. Wife did not contend that the trial court failed to comply with the provision of Code
-3- § 20-107.1(F) requiring the court to make written findings and conclusions identifying the
factors in Code § 20-107.1(E) supporting the court’s order. Had she done so, the trial court
would have had the opportunity to flesh out its explanation in order to avoid a remand. See, e.g.,
Campbell v. Commonwealth, 12 Va. App. 476, 480, 405 S.E.2d 1, 2 (1991) (en banc) (holding
that purpose of Rule 5A:18 requiring contemporaneous objection is “to avoid unnecessary
appeals, reversals and mistrials by allowing the trial judge to intelligently consider an issue and,
if necessary, to take corrective action”); see also Lee v. Lee, 12 Va. App. 512, 514, 404 S.E.2d
736, 737 (1991) (en banc). Thus, we hold wife waived her right to a more detailed explanation
of the basis for the court’s ruling. See Torian v. Torian, 38 Va. App. 167, 186-87, 562 S.E.2d
355, 364-65 (2002) (under “written findings” requirement of Code § 20-107.1(F), quoted above,
and additional sentence permitting award of spousal support for defined duration if written
findings “identify the basis for the nature, amount and duration of the award,” holding general
objection to entry of award for defined duration did not preserve for appeal later objection that
written explanation was insufficient). Compare Herring v. Herring, 33 Va. App. 281, 287-89,
532 S.E.2d 923, 927 (2000) (holding non-waivable the statutory requirement that court making
child support award deviating from guidelines amount must first calculate amount of support
under guidelines and state reason for deviation because, inter alia, failure to explain numerical
calculation and reason for deviation would provide insufficient information for court considering
future request for modification) with Courembis v. Courembis, 43 Va. App. 18, 28-29, 595
S.E.2d 505, 510 (2004) (refusing to apply Herring to issue of spousal support).
Thus, we do not consider on the merits any portion of wife’s assignment of error
concerning spousal support.
-4- 2. Equitable Distribution
Wife contends the trial court erred in determining that she was solely responsible for
$14,500 of the Wachovia credit card debt and in awarding her share of the marital residence to
husband. On brief, her only claim is that the court erred in the way it classified and divided these
items because it failed to give any “indication in [its] rulings from the bench or in the August 9,
2005 Decree” that it had considered the factors in Code § 20-107.3(E). This argument does not
support a reversal under the facts of this case.
In making an equitable distribution award, the trial court must classify disputed property
and must value and divide property as requested by the parties. See Stumbo v. Stumbo, 20
Va. App. 685, 693, 460 S.E.2d 591, 595 (1995). In doing so, the court must consider the
statutory factors in exercising its discretion, see Alphin v. Alphin, 15 Va. App. 395, 405, 424
S.E.2d 572, 577-78 (1992), but it need not make specific findings of fact to support the equitable
distribution. As long as the record supports the result, the court need not quantify what weight it
gave to each factor. E.g. Marion v. Marion, 11 Va. App. 659, 664, 401 S.E.2d 432, 436 (1991).
Compare Code § 20-107.1(F) (requiring, inter alia, that “in contested cases in the circuit courts,
any order granting, reserving or denying a request for spousal support shall be accompanied by
written findings and conclusions . . . identifying the factors in subsection E which support the
court’s order”) with Code § 20-107.3 (requiring consideration of certain factors in classifying,
valuing and dividing marital property but not requiring that court make written findings related
to that consideration). “[W]hen a trial judge fails to articulate . . . the consideration he or she has
given to the statutory criteria, ‘we must examine the record to determine if the award is
supported by evidence relevant to those factors.’” Alphin, 15 Va. App. at 405, 424 S.E.2d at 578
(quoting Gibson v. Gibson, 5 Va. App. 426, 435, 364 S.E.2d 518, 524 (1988)).
-5- Thus, the fact that the trial court made no reference to the factors in Code § 20-107.3(E)
in the final order distributing the property at issue does not compel the conclusion that the court
committed reversible error. In an ordinary case, we would examine the trial record to determine
whether the evidence supported the trial court’s distribution in light of the statutory factors.
Here, however, because wife failed to file the transcript of the evidentiary hearing in a timely
fashion, we are unable to perform such a review. Based on the record before us on appeal, we
are unable to conclude that the manner in which the court classified or divided the disputed
property was error.
II.
Based on the contents of the record before us on appeal, we detect no reversible error.
Thus, we affirm the trial court’s order denying wife’s request for a reservation of spousal support
and affirming the court’s classification and distribution of the disputed items of property.
Affirmed.
-6-