Sanchez v. Commodore Cruise Lines, Ltd.

713 So. 2d 572, 97 La.App. 4 Cir. 2355, 1998 La. App. LEXIS 1230, 1998 WL 256691
CourtLouisiana Court of Appeal
DecidedApril 22, 1998
Docket97-CA-2355
StatusPublished
Cited by5 cases

This text of 713 So. 2d 572 (Sanchez v. Commodore Cruise Lines, Ltd.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Louisiana Court of Appeal primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Sanchez v. Commodore Cruise Lines, Ltd., 713 So. 2d 572, 97 La.App. 4 Cir. 2355, 1998 La. App. LEXIS 1230, 1998 WL 256691 (La. Ct. App. 1998).

Opinion

713 So.2d 572 (1998)

Maximino Padilla SANCHEZ
v.
COMMODORE CRUISE LINES, LTD., et al.

No. 97-CA-2355.

Court of Appeal of Louisiana, Fourth Circuit.

April 22, 1998.

*573 Sean D. Alfortish, New Orleans, for Appellant.

James L. Schupp, Jr., E. Martin McLeod, Terriberry, Carroll & Yancey, New Orleans, for Appellee.

Before KLEES, LOBRANO and CIACCIO, JJ.

CIACCIO, Judge.

In this maritime case, plaintiff appeals from a judgment of the trial court granting defendant's exceptions of improper venue/improper forum and dismissing plaintiff's petition with prejudice. We amend and affirm.

FACTS

The plaintiff, Maximino Padilla Sanchez, a citizen and resident of Honduras, was injured on May 11, 1996 while working aboard the M/V ENCHANTED ISLE. Sanchez was employed by New Commodore Cruise Lines, Ltd. on October 14, 1995 to work aboard the vessel for a period of nine months. Sanchez had been a seaman for approximately nine years prior to this incident.

This accident occurred as Sanchez attempted to enter the engine room by climbing over luggage which was inappropriately stacked there by other crew members. The luggage shifted suddenly, and Sanchez was thrown into a stairwell, sustaining severe injuries. At the time of the accident, the vessel was docked at the Port of Orleans.

The M/V ENCHANTED ISLE is a passenger vessel owned by Amera Enterprises, Inc., a Panamanian corporation. The vessel is registered in Panama and flies a Panamanian flag. At the time of the accident, New Commodore Cruise Lines, Ltd. was operating the vessel pursuant to a bareboat charter agreement. New Commodore is a Bermudian corporation, but Sanchez argues that it has its principal place of business in Hollywood, Florida.

Prior to his employment with New Commodore, Sanchez signed a one-page employment *574 contract which provided that any and all disputes arising under the contract would be adjudicated only in the courts of the Republic of Panama, with Panamanian law to apply. The section of the contract which is relevant to these proceedings is the final paragraph of the contract and is referred to as the forum selection clause. That paragraph states as follows:

The employee expressly agrees that this contract is governed by the laws of the Republic of Panama, and any disputes will be adjudicated only in the Courts of the Republic of Panama. The employee waives any rights granted by laws of countries other than the Republic of Panama. Any claims against the company, the vessel, the Master, or any officer or staff member of the vessel, will be ajudicated [sic] only in the Courts of the Republic of Panama, and the employee waives the right to such cases heard in any other jurisdiction.

Plaintiff brought this suit in Civil District Court for the Parish of Orleans under the Jones Act and under the general maritime laws against his employer, New Commodore. The defendant filed declinatory exceptions seeking dismissal of the action based on lack of personal jurisdiction and improper venue. The defendant also sought dismissal based upon the contractual provision which provides for the application of foreign law and a foreign forum.[1] Following a hearing, the trial court granted defendant's exceptions and dismissed plaintiff's suit with prejudice. It is from this decision that plaintiff now appeals to this court.

LAW AND ANALYSIS

In granting defendant's exceptions, the trial court found that the forum selection clause contained in plaintiff's contract of employment was valid and enforceable, and required plaintiff to assert his claims for damages in the Republic of Panama. In support of this finding, the trial court cited Barcelona v. Sea Victory Maritime, Inc., 619 So.2d 741 (La. App. 4th Cir.), writ denied, 626 So.2d 1179 (La.1993), wherein this Court, despite having proper jurisdiction, dismissed a suit for breach of contract brought by a Filipino seaman based on the provisions of a forum selection clause in his employment contract. In applying the holding of the Barcelona case, the trial court stated in its reasons for judgment as follows:

While the facts in this case are slightly different, the result should be the same. In this case, the seaman is Honduran, the flag of the vessel is Panamanian, the owner of the vessel is a Panamanian corporation, and the employer of the seaman a Bermudian corporation. As in Barcelona, this Court has proper jurisdiction to hear the case but should decline to exercise it based on the forum chosen by the parties in the employment contract coupled with the fact that it is the law of the vessel's flag. The law of the flag "must prevail unless some heavy counterweight appears." Lauritzen v. Larsen, 345 U.S. 571, 73 S.Ct. 921, 97 L.Ed. 1254 (1953). As stated above, the flag of the vessel involved here in Panamanian, the same as the forum selected in the contract.
As in Barcelona, the seaman in this case also had several years of experience, and presumably was well aware of maritime practices. The contract was a one-page written contract in English. The forum selection clause was the last provision just before Mr. Sanchez's signature. Mr. Sanchez is presumed to have read and understood the document in which he signed. In addition, Mr. Sanchez received fair benefits from his employment as a seamen and holding him to this forum selection clause is not an unreasonable condition of employment.

On appeal, plaintiff asserts several assignments of error. Plaintiff first contends that the trial court erred in refusing to exercise jurisdiction over this claim. Secondly, plaintiff contends that the trial court erred in holding that Orleans Parish was not a court of proper venue. Finally, plaintiff asserts *575 that the trial court erred in upholding the terms of the forum selection clause, on the basis that it is both invalid and unenforceable. We will address each of plaintiff's arguments separately.

I. Personal Jurisdiction

Although the trial court found proper jurisdiction existed in this case, the trial court pretermitted a ruling on defendant's exception of lack of personal jurisdiction based on the forum selection clause in plaintiff's employment contract requiring plaintiff to resolve his disputes against his employer in Panama. On appeal, plaintiff contends that the trial court has specific jurisdiction over this case because defendant had sufficient meaningful contacts with the state of Louisiana, rendering jurisdiction reasonable. Plaintiff contends that defendant's contacts with Louisiana include conducting operations from the Port of Orleans, including using the Port of Orleans as a port of embarkation and debarkation of its passengers. Further, it was during one of the vessel's stops at the Port of Orleans that plaintiff was injured. Plaintiff therefore argues that the trial court erred in refusing to exercise personal jurisdiction in this case.

The issue of jurisdiction in a maritime tort case involving a forum selection agreement was squarely addressed by this Court in Barcelona v. Sea Victory Maritime, Inc., 619 So.2d at 743. In that case, this Court found the existence of proper jurisdiction over a Liberian flag vessel which was docked in Plaquemines Parish.

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Bluebook (online)
713 So. 2d 572, 97 La.App. 4 Cir. 2355, 1998 La. App. LEXIS 1230, 1998 WL 256691, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/sanchez-v-commodore-cruise-lines-ltd-lactapp-1998.